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PHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF GROWTH &

DEVELOPMENT

Sri Redjeki PrasetyoDept. of Physiology

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What? – why? – how?

Fully adaptable individual

ENVIRONMENT

(external)

Gravitational force Heat – cold temp.

Visible – invisible lights

fetus

baby

child

adolescent

mechanical – chemical – electrical energies

fetus

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What?

Growth

development

dimension

function

Soft tissue

bones? Factors?

Internal

external

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Internal factors - External factors

•Genes

•Hormones:

Controlling growth & development

Regulating metabolism of nutrients

• Nutrients

• External stimuli (sensory stimuli) - stimulate the nervous system

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Why?

Growth

Soft tissue mass Bones/calcified tissue mass

Hormones controlling the process

Hormones regulating nutrients

? ?

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How?

GROWTH

Soft tissue mass Bone mass

ORGANIC

(CH, fat, prot)

INORGANIC

(Ca – P)

GH, Thyroid’s, Sex hormones

Insulin/glucagon PTH; 1,25 DHC; Calcitonin

Hormonal Regulation

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Growth

20

40

60

80

100

5 10 15 20

Pubertal growth spurt

Postnatal growth spurt

GH

thyroid’s

sex hormones

Insulin

Glucagon

PTH, CT, D3

?

?

?

% growth

Age (yr)

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GROWTH HORMONESTRESS CENTER CHEMICAL STIMULI

SLEEP CENTER

HYPOTHALAMUS

SOMATOTROPHPHS OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY

GH

LIVER

SOMATOMEDIN

GHRH (+) SOMATOSTATIN (-)

( - )

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Thyroid hormone

Temperature reg. center

Other brain centers

HYPOTHALAMUS

TRH

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

TSH

THYROID GLAND

T3; T4Cell Metabolism

Calorigenesis / Heat

production

Environmental influences

( - )

( - )

IODINEGH & somatomedin

production

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Questions Gigantism? Acromegaly? Dwarfism? Cretinism? Osteomalacea? Rickets? Osteoporosis?

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References WF Ganong. Review of Medical Physiology.

Rhoades & Pflanzer. Human Physiology.

Thank you