Microsoft PowerPoint - 20160623_Baumgartner_PVgreen_roof_EUPVSEC_talk.pptxThomas Baumann, Franz Baumgartner , Daniel Schär, Fabian Carigiet, Andreas Dreisiebner ZHAW University of. Appl. Sciences Zurich, School of Engineering, IEFE Solarspar Switzerland EUPVSEC Munich, 2016-06-23
Klimafonds Stadtwerk Winterthur
• «PV and Green Roofs» –What is the gain in energy
yield on PV roofs due to the cooling effect of the plants below the PV modules ?
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 2
Zürcher Fachhochschule
PV roofs plant without «green plants» module temperature up to 63°C • Location Zurich: measured average energy weighted temperature 36°C;
Dietikon measured pyranometer horizontal 1249 kWh/m² in 2010
F. Baumgartner, et. al. VSE electrosuisse Bulletin 7/2011; www.bulletin-online.ch see also F. P. Baumgartner et al. EUPVSEC 2011
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 3
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Facts and expectations
PV facts – Temperature Coefficient • 5°C cooling potential of power increase of 1 to 2 %
depending on PV technology (TC -0.2 to -0.4%/K)
Water cycle in plants • Cooling due to H2O evaporation • Remark:
Well known is the cooling effect on the bottom of the green roof of several °C lower temperature relative to the top of the green roof or standard roof – lower cooling power needed (this do not affect PV performance)
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 4
Evapotranspiration 10yr. Phedimus-vegetation
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 5
Zürcher Fachhochschule
55cm 15cm
Zürcher Fachhochschule
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 7
Measurement since Oct 2014: - 64 channels, sampling each 10sec - 336 Mio. collected values annually
Components of the PV plant – 78 kWp; 312 modules with 250 Wp each (Jurawatt) – DC/AC Solaredge Solution – 974 kWh/kWp AC yield May 2015 to May 2016
Zürcher Fachhochschule
8
• PV plant 78 kWp • Divided into 13 test
fields • 48 module temperature
Zürcher Fachhochschule
9
Z50K No No 50 mm Gravel
Z70R No Yes 70 mm (60+10 mm) RieFa/ZinCo
Z70 No Yes 70 mm ZinCo
Z100VA No Yes* 70/100/130 mm ZinCo
Z100V No Yes 70/100/130 mm ZinCo
Z70B Yes Yes 70 mm ZinCo
Z70BR Yes Yes 70 mm (60+10 mm) RieFa/ZinCo
Z100VB Yes Yes 70/100/130 mm ZinCo
H70 No Yes 70 mm ZinCo
H100V No Yes 70/100/130 mm ZinCo
H70R Yes Yes 70 mm (60+10 mm) RieFa/ZinCo
H70Ro No Yes 70 mm (60+10 mm) RieFa/ZinCo
H50K No No 50 mm gravel
= module temperature measurement
Zürcher Fachhochschule
, ∑ ,
, °
31.7°C mean +/-1.8°C
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Measured weighted module temperature period 1st Oct 2014 – 31th May 2016
+/-1.8°C span in energy weighted module temperature Remark: measurement uncertainty ± 0.55 °C (k=1) at 50 °C
Te st
fi el
Ve ge
ta tio
n m
at er
ia l
Z50K 31.6 -0.1 ZinCo No No 50 Gravel Z70R 30.4 -1.3 ZinCo No Yes 70 (60+10) RieFa/ZinCo Z70 30.3 -1.4 ZinCo No Yes 70 ZinCo Z100VA 31.8 0.2 ZinCo No Yes* 70/100/130 ZinCo Z100V 30.5 -1.2 ZinCo No Yes 70/100/130 ZinCo Z70B 33.3 1.6 ZinCo Yes Yes 70 ZinCo Z70BR 31.3 -0.4 ZinCo Yes Yes 70 (60+10) RieFa/ZinCo Z100VB 30.6 -1.1 ZinCo Yes Yes 70/100/130 ZinCo H70 33.5 1.8 Hilti No Yes 70 ZinCo H100V 32.1 0.5 Hilti No Yes 70/100/130 ZinCo H70R 32.7 1.0 Hilti Yes Yes 70 (60+10) RieFa/ZinCo H70Ro 30.8 -0.9 Hilti No Yes 70 (60+10) RieFa/ZinCo H50K 32.9 1.2 Hilti No No 50 Gravel average 31.7
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 11
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Gain in PV energy yield smaller than +/-0.7% due to green plants cooling period 1st Oct 2014 – 31th May 2016
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 12
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Module temperature variation on sunny days 1st Oct 2014 – 31th May 2016
1. Nov 2014 bis 31.Okt 2015
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 14
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Markus Chretien, Ralf Walker, Marcel Okle, Matthias Delker, Tobias Probst, Walter Schmidt, Fritz Wassmann, Stephan Brenneisen
and the financial support from Klimafonds Stadtwerk Winterthur, Switzerland, 2013, 2014, 2015
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 15
Variation in energy yield on sunny days 1st Oct 2014 – 31th May 2016
no planting
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Developing new solutions of PV green roofs to use the
• benefit of water retention in the city to reduce maxima of rain water runoff at heavy rains
• benefit of more life –biodiversity - in the growing cities worldwide
• benefit of local electricity production by less PV shading losses of the plants
• Solution vertical PV mounted bifacial PV modules F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 16
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Bifacial Module
• Bifacial: 30° inclination / azimuth 0° Pn2=255.3 / 231.7 WSTC
N
F. Baumgartner, et al.; WCPEC-6, 8WePo.9.33, Nov 2014, Kyoto F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 17
M or
ni ng
A fte
rn oo
Zürcher Fachhochschule
ZHAW Bifacal vertical green roof test field: analysing plant albedo effects
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 18
N silver leave
plants green leave
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 19
extremly dry
resistant plants
Motivation: O&M costs reduction
PV O&M costs • Costs of cutting the green grass are highly relevant!
In Switzerland
Zürcher Fachhochschule
New PV bifacial green roof plant Altenpflege Wiesengrund Winterthur start of PV operation 11th July 2016
21PV powered robotic lawnmower http://www.husqvarna.com/lu/de/products/robotic-mowers/automower-solar-hybrid/
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Summary - Outlook
• Gain in energy yield smaller 0.7% of annual production due to «plant cooling» effect was measured here in Winterthur, Switzerland to be based of standard PV green roof mounting structures of monofacial modules
• BUT synergies of PV and green roofs are needed + rain water retention + increase bio-diversity + and electricity production on the building
• New approach vertical mounted bifacial solution +lower shading effect of plants +lower O&M costs
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 22
Zürcher Fachhochschule
Thank You for your Attention find more at www.zhaw.ch/~bauf
F. Baumgartner, EUPVSEC 2016, 5CO.14.3 23