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QA: QA

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02

February 2010

DOC.20100224.0005

Performance Confirmation Test Plan for:

Precipitation Monitoring

Prepared for:

U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management

Office of Repository Development

1551 Hillshire Drive

Las Vegas, Nevada 89134-6321

Prepared by:

Sandia National Laboratories

OCRWM Lead Laboratory for Repository Systems

1180 Town Center Drive

Las Vegas, Nevada 89144

Under Contract Number:

DE-AC04-94AL85000

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party's use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 February 2010

QA: QA



TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02

February 2010

Prepared by:

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C / I (ALA,' iv _eL Clifford' oward Date

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Sandia National Laboratories



TVVP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02

February 2010

Susan E. Boggs Date

Technical Work Plan Manager

Approved by:

Date Douglas J. Weaver

Responsible Manager

Performance Confirmation Manager

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 iv February 2010

CHANGE HISTORY

Revision ICN Date of

Number Number Change Description of Change

00 00 08/30/2007 Initial issue. This is the initial issue of the

Performance Confirmation test plan for precipitation

monitoring. A portion of the scope of this test plan

was initiated during site characterization and is

continued under the auspices of the Performance

Confirmation program.

01 00 11/06/2007 This revision was made in response to conditions of

acceptance imposed by the Office of Civilian

Radioactive Waste Management. The infiltration

model used for performance assessment is insensitive

to the synthetic, sampled precipitation distribution

values. Meaningful performance-based condition

limits cannot be established. The text regarding

performance-based condition limits has been

rewritten. Changes were too extensive to use change

bars.

02 00 02/24/2010 Revision to address issues identified in CR 13607.

Updated organizational responsibility, scope of

planned measurement, implementing procedures,

equipment arrangement, and M&TE specifics.

Combines elements of TWP-MGR-MM-000004 for

Meteorological Monitoring activities. As such, this

revision is a complete revision and changes are too

extensive to use change bars.



TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 vi February 2010

CONTENTS

Page

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xi

1. WORK SCOPE 1

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 2

1.2 MAJOR ACTIVITIES 4

1.3 INTENDED USE OF DATA AND PRODUCTS 4

1.4 ORGANIZATIONS PERFORMING THE WORK 4

1.5 ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA 5

2. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 11

2.1 MEASUREMENT METHODS 11

2.1.1 Measurement Locations and Schedule 12

2.1.2 Types of Data 12

2.1.3 Parameters to Be Monitored and Expected Results 13

2.1.4 Acceptance Criteria in Higher Level Planning 14

2.1.5 Storage Requirements for Samples 14

2.1.6 Known Sources of Experimental Error and Uncertainty 14

2.1.7 Provisions for Handling Unexpected Results, Unanticipated Test

Conditions, or Off-Normal Events during Testing 15

2.1.8 Documents Used for Describing Changes to the Test Plan 18

2.2 PLANNING REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE CONFIRMATION

ACTIVITIES 18

3. IMPLEMENTING DOCUMENTS 18

3.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPLEMENTING DOCUMENTS 18

3.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS 19

3.3 APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS OR REQUIREMENTS 20

3.4 NON-Q ACTIVITIES 21

4. TEST EQUIPMENT AND CALIBRATION 21

5. RECORDS 24

6. QUALITY VERIFICATIONS 24

PREREQUISITES, SPECIAL CONTROLS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS,

PROCESSES, OR SKILLS 24

7.1 PREREQUISITES TO BEGIN WORK 24

7.2 CONTROLLING THE ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT OF

INFORMATION 25

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS 25

7.4 SPECIAL TRAINING 25

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 vii February 2010

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

8. SOFTWARE 25

8.1 SOFTWARE USED TO CONDUCT WORK 25

8.2 CONTINUOUS USE SOFTWARE 26

9. PROCUREMENT 26

10. REFERENCES 26

APPENDIX A: IM-PRO-002 PROCESS CONTROL EVALUATION A-1

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 viii February 2010

FIGURES

Page

1-1. Illustration of Locations of the YMP Meteorological Monitoring Sites 3

1-2. Illustration of 365-Day Moving Precipitation Total for Site 3 10

2-1. Illustration of Typical Flow Diagram Depicting Data Review and Reporting 17

TABLES

1-1. Actual and Expected Average Precipitation for the Performance Confirmation

Precipitation Stations at and near Yucca Mountain 9

1-2. Analyses and Models Related to Precipitation Monitoring 11

2-1. Coordinates of the Meteorological Monitoring Sites 12

4-1. Meteorological Instruments 22

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 ix February 2010


TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 x February 2010

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

agl above ground level

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

COTS commercial off the shelf

CR condition report

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

FEPs features, events, and processes

FWP field work package

LSN Licensing Support Network

M&TE measuring and test equipment

m/s meters per second

mb millibar(s)

msl mean sea level

NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

NTS Nevada Test Site

PC Performance Confirmation

PCD Performance Confirmation Department

PCM Performance Confirmation Manager

PI Principal Investigator

"Q" qualified

QSL Qualified Suppliers List

TCO Test Coordination Office

TDMS Technical Data Management System

TSPA total system performance assessment

UTM Universal Transverse Mercator

VDC voltage, direct current

W/m2 Watts per square meter

YMP Yucca Mountain Project

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 xi February 2010


TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 xii February 2010

1. WORK SCOPE

This document is the performance confirmation test plan for performing the Precipitation

Monitoring activity, which is one of 20 testing and monitoring activities included in

Performance Confirmation Plan (SNL 2008 [DIRS 184797]). Collectively, the 20 activities

make up the Performance Confirmation (PC) Program described in the plan. Separate

performance confirmation test plans will be developed for each of the other 19 activities.

In response to the regulatory requirements discussed below, this performance confirmation test

plan defines monitoring scope, parameter selection, and test and monitoring methods. It also

includes information such as test data expected ranges, condition limits, evaluation criteria, and

reporting processes. If measurements or observations found during this monitoring activity are

outside of the expected conditions, appropriate evaluations and possible reporting to the U.S.

Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) will be

performed in accordance with AP-15.6Q, Reportable Geologic Condition.

The Performance Confirmation Program is required by regulation 10 CFR Part 63

[MRS 186479], and was started during site characterization (consistent with the regulation) and

will continue until permanent closure of the repository (10 CFR 63.131(b) [MRS 186479]).

10 CFR 63.131(a)(2) [D1RS 186479] requires data or information to indicate, where practicable,

whether the natural and engineered systems and components designed or assumed to operate as

barriers after permanent closure are functioning as intended and anticipated. This activity is

intended to provide data that, along with data from related activities such as seepage monitoring

and unsaturated zone testing, informs barrier performance.

The primary goal of the Precipitation Monitoring activity is to collect, analyze, and report on

precipitation rate and quantity data for the purpose of confirming precipitation input data for the

infiltration model. This activity was selected because it directly addresses one of the bases for

evaluating the performance of the Upper Natural Barrier and the requirements of the regulations.

Precipitation serves as the maximum input of water to the repository system from the

environment. As such, this activity is important to understanding seepage monitoring activities,

and understanding input and output values of the process that carries water from the surface,

through the unsaturated zone, and potentially down into the emplacement drifts. Information

obtained from precipitation monitoring will be used as input to the unsaturated zone flow model

for the evaluation of other quantities potentially important to repository performance (e.g.,

seepage time histories).

A secondary goal of this program is to acquire long-term meteorological data for wind,

temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and barometric pressure, primarily at Site 1.

These supplementary measurements aid in the interpretation of the precipitation data and are

based on guidance from the NRC for the acquisition of basic meteorological data needed to

support plant licensing and operation (NRC 2007 [MRS 181945]). Although the regulation is

written for present day power reactor sites and is not required for current Yucca Mountain

operations, meteorological data collected over tens of years will be available for baseline

comparison with the required measurements when regulations are imposed — upon the proper

licensing phase of the Project.

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 1 February 2010

The activity as described in Performance Confirmation Plan (SNL 2008 [D1RS 184797],

Section 3.3.1.1) had originally included analysis of precipitation composition. However, the

addendum to Performance Confirmation Plan (SNL 2008 [D1RS 184797], Section 3.4.1[a])

reassessed the applicability of precipitation chemical composition to the license bases and found

that the measurement did not warrant being carried forward into the performance confirmation

test plan because there is no baseline for composition of precipitation at the site surface.

Performance confirmation test plans are intended to test the adequacy of assumptions, data, and

analyses that are used in the licensing basis supporting a permit for construction. Future updates

to the PC test plan may revisit the applicability of chemical composition of precipitation.

Precipitation chemistry parameters are not input into the infiltration or unsaturated zone flow

models, and are not part of the licensing basis. The chemical composition of precipitation is not

an input to the infiltration or unsaturated zone flow models used to support the licensing case. In

addition, there is a sparse baseline for the composition of precipitation specifically at Yucca

Mountain. The chemistry of precipitation from regional surrogate stations serves well to

characterize the baseline for Yucca Mountain. Precipitation chemistry parameters cannot be

compared to the licensing basis and, therefore, are not carried forward into the confirmation

activity. Development of a baseline of precipitation chemistry in an ongoing science program is

not precluded, but would not be under the Performance Confirmation Program.

Advances in technology can be expected to occur over the next several decades. The test

program described in this plan is flexible and includes a process to reevaluate, reexamine, and

modify performance confirmation activities as the state of understanding changes. New tests or

test locations may be needed or may become possible with new technology, and tests that are not

providing useful information would be discontinued.

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The objective of the testing and monitoring described in this performance confirmation test plan

is to make observations and measurements to confirm the adequacy of the precipitation data

inputs to the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) numerical model that deals with precipitation rate

and precipitation quantity at Yucca Mountain. These data could be used to evaluate the

performance of the Upper Natural Barrier as it relates to moisture flux and potential seepage at

the repository level. This activity is one of a series of PC testing and monitoring activities that

addresses the requirements of 10 CFR 63.131 [D1RS 186479] to document that the natural

system is functioning as intended, and anticipated, and that baseline conditions associated with

repository performance have not significantly changed.

The Mass Accounting System for Soil Infiltration and Flow (MASSIF) infiltration model used

records from meteorological stations to estimate future precipitation for the present-day climate.

Five out of these ten stations are located in the immediate vicinity of Yucca Mountain. The other

five stations are located in the greater Yucca Mountain region, including the Nevada Test Site

(NTS) to the north and Amargosa Farms to the south, and are not operated by the YMP. The

five Yucca Mountain stations used by the MASSIF model and an additional station (Station 8)

have been selected for PC monitoring. Because five of these stations were used in MASSIF they

represent part of the technical basis for the license application and will provide sufficient spatial

coverage to meet the requirements of the precipitation monitoring activity. Figure 1-1 shows the


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locations of the six stations from which monitoring is specifically incorporated into the PC

program.

• Alice Hill Telemetry Site I I Nevada Test Site LOCATIONS OF THE YMP

• Meteorological Monitoring Sites Nellis Air Force Range METEOROLOGICAL 1 West-Central Midway Valley (NTS-60) =1 2 Yucca Mountain Crest - North End Proposed Land Wthdrawal Area MONITORING SITES 3 Coyote Wash

6 North Yucca Wash - Near WT-6 Borehole - NTS Roads 8 Knothead Gap - Southern Midway Valley

9 Gate 510 =.=. NV Major Highways

Figure 1-1. Illustration of Locations of the YMP Meteorological Monitoring Sites

TWP-MGR-M1vI-000002 REV 02 3 February 2010

Data from the precipitation PC activity are linked with eight features, events, and processes

(FEPs) (SNL 2008 [MRS 184797]). The FEPs are: (1) FEP 1.3.01.00.0A, Climate Change; (2)

FEP 1.4.01.01.0A, Climate Modification Increases Recharge; (3) FEP 2.2.03.02.0A, Rock

Properties of Host Rock and other Units; (4) FEP 2.2.07.08.0A, Fracture Flow in the UZ;

(5) FEP 2.3.01.00.0A, Topography and Morphology; (6) FEP 2.3.11.01.0A, Precipitation; (7)

FEP 2.3.11.02.0A, Surface Runoff and Evapotranspiration; and (8) FEP 2.3.11.03.0A,

Infiltration and Recharge.

1.2 MAJOR ACTIVITIES

This performance confirmation test plan includes a level of detail for instrument monitoring, data

collection and analysis, and reporting that can be used in conjunction with field work package

(FWP) documents and technical procedures for test implementation.

The tasks generally covered by this performance confirmation test plan include, but are not

limited to:

• Data collection, raw data reduction, analysis, evaluations

• Data submittal to the records system

• Reporting of data evaluations.

1.3 INTENDED USE OF DATA AND PRODUCTS

The data and information gathered under this performance confirmation test plan will be used to

support confirmation of the adequacy of precipitation inputs for the conceptual and numerical

models of the hydrologic conditions at Yucca Mountain. Precipitation quantity and spatial and

temporal distribution were selected for potential monitoring parameters to confirm and extend

the precipitation record for the site and for comparison with seepage observations. Because this

activity addresses the quantity of water that could potentially reach the waste packages, and

thereby possibly impact the waste package integrity, potentially affecting radionuclide transport,

observations of precipitation rates and quantities were selected as PC inputs.

This information will be compiled approximately annually and described in a Performance

Confirmation Program annual report.

1.4 ORGANIZATIONS PERFORMING THE WORK

This performance confirmation activity is field-based and requires integration and support from

several organizations. These specific interfaces are defined in the implementing field work

package FWP-SB-99-001, Meteorological Monitoring, which includes specific details on field

interactions and coordination aspects of the fieldwork.

The Lead Lab Performance Confirmation Department (PCD) is responsible for ensuring that

work is conducted in accordance with the regulatory requirements and other considerations

delineated in Performance Confirmation Plan (SNL 2008 [D1RS 184797]). The PCD assumes

overall management responsibility for the program and the central interface between the

performance assessment modelers, the DOE, and the Test Coordination Office (TCO)

organizations. The PCD is responsible for preparing and approving this test plan, ensuring


communication and agreement between the modelers and the field testers, arranging for the

technical review of the field results as they become available, and updating testing and

monitoring strategies, as necessary.

The Lead Lab TCO is responsible for the management, coordination, and implementation of the

Lead Lab field testing activities described in this plan. The TCO is responsible for providing

staff, instrumentation, and equipment necessary for conducting precipitation and meteorological

monitoring field activities and for the submittal of acquired data to the Technical Data

Management System (TDMS). The TCO maintains a field test representative at the Yucca

Mountain site to oversee test-related activities and ensure compliance with applicable Quality

Assurance and Integrated Safety Management System requirements.

The DOE Office of Construction and Site Management is responsible for management and

maintenance of the YMP site. Maintenance of the site includes any routine activity that is

required to sustain the site property in a condition suitable to be used for its designated purpose,

including preventative, predictive, and corrective maintenance. Site support required for

precipitation and meteorological monitoring includes oversight and site communication

functions, emergency response, and surface access.

The DOE Office of Technical Management provides oversight and management for the program

and is the primary interface between with the PCD. The Office of Technical Managements is

responsible for reviewing and accepting this test plan, and is the interface with the NRC or

appropriate licensing organizations.

1.5 ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA

General

The precipitation monitoring activity provides precipitation rate and quantity data that can be

compared with the data inputs to the infiltration model and to the YMP conceptual understanding

of infiltration at Yucca Mountain.

The purpose of Data Analysis for Infiltration Modeling: Extracted Weather Station Data Used

to Represent Present-Day and Potential Future Climate Conditions in the Vicinity of Yucca

Mountain (SNL 2006 [DRS 177081]) was to identify, extract, and reformat weather

(meteorological) data that are appropriate for use as input into an infiltration model within the

Yucca Mountain region. The analysis used relevant meteorological data (e.g., precipitation and

temperature) from source stations and reformatted or converted the data into a form suitable for

the generation of meteorological conditions for a 10,000-year future climate in the Yucca

Mountain region (DTN: 5N0606T0502206.014 [DIRS 179887]).

The YMP conceptual understanding of precipitation at and near Yucca Mountain is based on

data collected from 1957 to present. PC precipitation monitoring may be conducted over a

longer period (e.g., 100 years), and it is possible that due to the normally expected variance of

precipitation values, some of the PC precipitation data will fall outside the range of data values

measured to date or included in the stochastic precipitation database used in the infiltration

model. PC testing and monitoring activities (including precipitation monitoring) were identified

and selected using a risk-informed, performance-based evaluation process. While precipitation


values are not used directly to evaluate repository performance in the total system performance

assessment (TSPA), the range and pattern of precipitation values provides parameters to a

stochastic precipitation model that is used to estimate the range and pattern of precipitation in the

future. This approach to estimating precipitation in the future was used for the TSPA because it

includes rare but potentially significant high precipitation years that have not been measured in

the relatively brief period of monitoring. Because precipitation is the only source of water at the

land surface and net infiltration is the main source of water that can seep into the repository and

lead to radionuclide transport to the saturated zone, precipitation monitoring was selected.

Because the stochastic precipitation modeling approach used in the net infiltration model was

designed to include a very wide range in future precipitation, there is no need to assign

precipitation condition limits for PC monitoring.

The current precipitation data are derived from reports and data packages dealing with

infiltration. References that contain precipitation data used in the PC predictions include:

• Simulation of Net Infiltration for Present-Day and Potential Future Climates (SNL 2008

[DRS 182145])

• Data Analysis for Infiltration Modeling: Extracted Weather Station Data Used to

Represent Present-Day and Potential Future Climate Conditions in the Vicinity of Yucca

Mountain (SNL 2006 [D1RS 177081]).

The license application basis is presented in the text below, which summarize precipitation

values derived from the infiltration model precipitation input values documented in Simulation of

Net Infiltration for Present-Day and Potential Future Climates (SNL 2008 [D1RS 182145]).

Measurement Justification and Relative Importance to TSPA

Precipitation monitoring is not a performance-based activity because precipitation is represented

in the TSPA as a stochastic quantity with a large range of uncertainty that significantly exceeds

the range in observed values (e.g., total annual precipitation). Its selection for one of the twenty

performance confirmation activities was based on the fact that precipitation is the primary source

of water that may seep into the repository and lead eventually to radionuclide transport and

therefore is important to monitor and understand in the future.

The specific purpose of the infiltration model is to provide a spatial representation, including

uncertainty, of the long-term mean annual net infiltration at the Yucca Mountain site during each

climate state. The resulting maps of mean annual net infiltration provide input to the updated

versions of the following model and analysis reports:

• UZ Flow Models and Submodels (SNL 2007 [D1RS 184614])

• Calibrated Unsaturated Zone Properties (SNL 2007 [DRS 179545]).

Information from the infiltration model report indirectly feeds TSPA through its connection with

the identified downstream products.


The purpose of this PC activity is to continue to collect precipitation information that can be used

to confirm the assumptions and distribution for the present-day stochastic precipitation records

used in the development of input for the model used in the license application. Performance is

unlikely to be impacted by even unexpected precipitation events because other processes in the

Upper Natural Barrier that are important to barrier capability (i.e., that prevent or substantially

reduce the rate of movement of water) moderate the impact of precipitation on performance.

Precipitation represents the maximal amount of water available at the surface above the

repository, from which a portion is subsequently available to the natural barrier system.

Precipitation continues to be monitored because it represents the initial boundary condition of

models for flow and transport. This activity is important to understanding seepage and the

processes that carry water from the surface through the unsaturated zone and potentially to the

emplacement drifts. Water is an essential factor in mechanisms of waste degradation and

possible radionuclide migration from the repository to the compliance boundary. Documentation

of the characteristics of water available to the system is essential to demonstrate knowledge of

water flow through Yucca Mountain.

Basis for Expected Precipitation Values

This section discusses expected conditions and does not assign condition limits. Precipitation

data collected under this activity will be compared to previous data from which the inputs for

cumulative distribution functions for MASSIF were sampled. Precipitation events will be

recorded, entered into records, and reported in the Performance Confirmation Program annual

report.

Precipitation monitoring at and around the repository site (e.g., Nevada Test Site) began in 1957

and provides the basis for the current understanding of precipitation characteristics at Yucca

Mountain. More comprehensive monitoring of precipitation rates and quantities at and near the

repository site was begun in 1980 and continues to date. Table 1-1 presents the PC precipitation

monitoring stations along with the actual and expected average annual precipitation. Continuous

monitoring is important with regard to trend evaluations to ensure that the precipitation ranges

used in the infiltration model remain valid as new data are collected.

Data collected thus far indicate that precipitation rate and quantities are sensitive to elevation

(greater annual precipitation at higher elevations) and that precipitation data are relatively

consistent for comparable elevations. At present, six of the 29 Yucca Mountain precipitation

stations have been selected to be included in the PC program. These six stations were selected

because five provide direct precipitation feeds to the infiltration model, and one (station 8) was

used for validation (simulating infiltration above the south ramp where seepage was observed).

The six stations provide sufficient areal coverage and ensure that all relevant geomorphologic

features that might impact precipitation are incorporated. The explanation for selection of these

particular stations is provided in the weather data analysis report (SNL 2006 [D1RS 177081]). In

the future, this number and the station locations may be modified depending on future data

analysis, needs, and priorities.

Precipitation provides water for potential infiltration. Instead of taking input directly from

multi-decade precipitation records, as had been done for previous infiltration models,


precipitation records provided the basis for development of stochastic parameters by

parameterizing the general precipitation patterns and characteristics. A stochastic simulation was

used to generate a set of simulated precipitation years as input to the calculations. Precipitation

observations representing present-day climate were used to develop stochastic model parameters,

which are used to simulate long-term precipitation for the site. These derived parameters were

used as inputs to a stochastic precipitation simulation, which produced precipitation input files to

the infiltration model. Precipitation inputs are selected from 1,000-year stochastic simulations,

ensuring that the full range of annual precipitation uncertainty is considered, including years with

heavy precipitation.

For the purpose of calculating a long-term mean net infiltration flux for use in TSPA, a

stochastic approach to representing daily and annual precipitation was used. This approach

simulated the daily frequency of precipitation using a Markov chain Monte Carlo model and

represented the daily precipitation amount on days with precipitation as a lognormal distribution.

A set of stochastic parameters was defined for this modeling approach by fitting daily

precipitation observations from the historical data to the stochastic model using a least-squares

approach. These parameters were thus calibrated for each meteorological station and the

uncertainty in these parameters was represented with probability distributions. Using the model

and sampled stochastic parameter values, daily precipitation for 1,000 randomly simulated years

was generated for each of 40 realizations per future climate state. For each MASSIF model run,

ten of these 1,000 years were selected (explicitly including low-probability, high-precipitation

years) as input, and net infiltration was calculated for each of these ten years separately. A

long-term mean annual net infiltration flux for each realization was estimated as a

probability-weighted mean of net infiltration calculated for each of the selected years. The

uncertainty in this long-term flux is estimated by examining the distribution of the 40 realizations

per climate. This approach is described in Simulation of Net Infiltration for Present-Day and

Potential Future Climates (SNL 2008 [D1RS 182145], Section 6.5.1 and Appendix F).

Expected precipitation ranges were calculated for 100-day and 365-day periods. The 100-day

period is important because it relates to low-intensity and long-duration precipitation periods,

usually associated with winter storms. A 100-day low-intensity stormy period might result in

precipitation volumes that exceed the soil storage capacity (field capacity) and, thereby, increase

the possibility for a significant volume of water to move below the zone of evapotranspiration

and reach the Paintbrush non-welded tuff (PTn). A large volume of water will reduce the buffer

capacity of the PTn, and therefore might result in fluxes into the TSw that could exceed the

ranges used in the process models. The annual period is important as a baseline to compare to

past data, much of which is analyzed on an annual period, and to identify trends that might

indicate changes in precipitation patterns at Yucca Mountain in the future. A summary of

precipitation monitoring will be reported in the Performance Confirmation Program annual

report.

Actual average annual (station) precipitation is presented in Table 1-1 for Sites 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9.

These values represent the mean of the annual precipitation data from these stations, which is

from DTN: SNO608WEATHER1.005 [DIRS 177912]. In addition, expected average annual

precipitation values are presented in the table. The expected values are calculated in Simulation

of Net Infiltration for Present-Day Infiltration and Potential Future Climates (SNL 2008

[MRS 182145], Table F-3[a]).


Table 1-1. Actual and Expected Average Precipitation for the Performance Confirmation Precipitation

Stations at and near Yucca Mountain

Actual Average Annual Expected Average Annual

Elevation Precipitation Precipitation

Station (m) (mm) (mm)

Referencea 1,524 — 213

Site 1 1,144 200.9 156

Site 2 1,478 198.5 176

Site 3 1,278 223.8 195

Site 6 1,315 225.3 196

Site 8b 1,123 198.1 150

Site 9 839 116.0 99

Source: BSC 2007 [DIRS 182591] (actual average precipitation data for Sites 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9,

1994-2006); SNL 2008 [DIRS 182145], Table F-3[a] (expected average annual precipitation for

Sites 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9); DTN: 5N0701T0502206.040 [DIRS 1826941(1,000-year records of

daily data). Source of elevation data (see Table 2-1): DTN: M00708ABS14MSP.000

[DIRS 182767].

a Reference is related to an assumption in the model that precipitation is assumed to occur at the same

time in all parts of the domain. The frequency of precipitation is calculated for a reference elevation of

1,524 m and is applied to all cells of the domain. This assumption was necessary because there are

insufficient data to predict the spatial distribution of precipitation for each event. In the model each

precipitation value is related to elevation of the cell and the reference value. Expected values at each site

are tied in the same manner to the reference, based on the elevation of the station, not the historical

record at the site.

b Expected average annual precipitation for Site 8 is calculated using the same method based on reference

value and elevation.

Figure 1-2 shows the actual 365-day data from Site 3 through 2008. The annual data represent a

365-day moving total rather than a calendar year total. Both 1998 and 2005 experienced very

wet periods compared to the average annual precipitation at these sites. For example, in a 23-day

period in 1998, Site 3 recorded 183 mm of rainfall, and in a 55-day period in January and

February of 2005, Site 3 recorded 174 mm of rainfall. The average annual precipitation for

Site 3 is approximately 198 mm.

Section 2.1.7 describes what actions will be taken if extraordinary precipitation trends are

observed. In addition to these actions, and based on the expert evaluation of the Principal

Investigator (PI) of this PC test plan, precipitation data will be evaluated on an annual basis to

determine if general trends are expected or unexpected. For example, if several consecutive

years have higher than expected precipitation, the re-calculation of stochastic parameters (from

DTN: 5N0609T0502206.023 [DIRS 182698]) may be conducted to see if the parameter range is

still valid.


A 1

400

E 300

0 16.

a) 200 o_

100

• 365 day rolling sum • 1993-2008 annual average 500

0

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Source: DTNs: SNO608WEATHER1.005 [DIRS 177912]; M00708METMND05.001 [DIRS 182647];

M00706METMND06.000 [DIRS 181887]; M00804METMND07.000 [DIRS 185668];

M00805METMND08.000 [DIRS 185669]; M00907METPRD08.001 [DIRS 186329].

Figure 1-2. Illustration of 365-Day Moving Precipitation Total for Site 3

Parameter Table

Monitoring activities included in this PC test plan will compare measured quantities to values for

the parameter listed in Section 2.1.3. Precipitation rates and quantities are expected to vary

spatially because of elevation, slope, orientation, and related factors. Precipitation rate data are

currently being collected at six different locations at the Yucca Mountain site. Table 1-1

provides actual and calculated (expected) precipitation for the six monitoring stations.

Relevance to Requirements

It is unlikely that performance would be impacted by infiltration values that deviate from

precipitation values in Table 1-1. However, if the measured precipitation values exhibit a trend

of increasing precipitation rates and amounts, it may be necessary to reevaluate their effect on

infiltration and subsequent moisture flux at the repository level. Potential impacts to the process

models and/or TSPA directly relate to 10 CFR 63.131 [DIRS 186479], which requires the PC

program to show that the natural and engineered systems are functioning as intended and


anticipated. In addition, the precipitation quantity and distribution data will provide the baseline

data to assess and extend the precipitation record at the site. Table 1-2 provides a listing of

analysis and models that have a relationship to the parameters being measured in this PC activity,

namely precipitation rate and quantity.

Table 1-2. Analyses and Models Related to Precipitation Monitoring

Model or Analysis Related to Precipitation Source

Data Analysis for Infiltration Modeling: Extracted Weather Station Data Used SNL 2006 [DI RS 1770811

to Represent Present-Day and Potential Future Climate Conditions in the

Vicinity of Yucca Mountain

Simulation of Net Infiltration for Present-Day and Potential Future Climates SNL 2008 [DI RS 182145]

UZ Flow Models and Submodels SNL 2007 [DIRS 184614]

Conceptual Model and Numerical Approaches for Unsaturated Zone Flow BSC 2004 [0 IRS 170035]

and Transport

Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model SNL 2007 [DIRS 181383]

Seepage Model for PA Including Drift Collapse BSC 2004 [DIRS 167652]

Drift-Scale THC Seepage Model SNL 2007 [DIRS 177404]

Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Model Abstraction SNL 2008 [DIRS 183750]

2. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

The monitoring described in this PC test plan occurs at six recording sites. These sites provide a

spatial distribution and temporal occurrence data of precipitation events in the area. At each site,

the PC parameters of precipitation rate and quantity are measured. In addition, meteorological

data for wind, temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and barometric pressure are

collected, primarily at Site 1. These supplementary and complementary measurements aid in the

interpretation of the precipitation data. Field work is performed under field work package

FWP-SB-99-001, Field Activities in Support of Meteorological Programs.

2.1 MEASUREMENT METHODS

The technical methods used to acquire the meteorological data are based on regulatory agency

monitoring guidance (NRC 2007 [D1RS 181945]) and applicable standards. The numerical

uncertainty associated with the information collected is expressed as the measurement tolerances

that are taken from the guidance document and discussed in Section 4.1 of this test plan.

A scientific notebook will be used to document the operation of meteorological instruments and

management of data from digital and manual recording stations. The field measurements of

meteorological conditions are processed using on-site data loggers into various mean, extreme,

standard deviation, and total summaries using ten-minute, hourly, and daily time periods. Digital

data (e.g., wind speed, temperature) from these sites are stored within the data logger system and

telemetered in near real-time to a centrally located data storage device. Manual data (e.g.,

precipitation quantity) are recorded on collection forms and later entered into spreadsheets. The

data collection operations are carried out with detailed steps documented in a scientific notebook.


The precipitation rate is monitored at six Yucca Mountain stations that are equipped with tipping

bucket gauges and data loggers and are powered by 12-volt batteries charged via solar panels

(except for Site 1, which has AC power). The sites are checked, serviced, and the data are

collected at regular intervals. The precipitation quantity is typically instrumented with 7-7/8"

NovaLynx 260-2510 storage precipitation gauges. The gauge is equipped with a funnel to

minimize evaporation between the rain event and the measurement observation. Rainwater or

snowmelt is funneled into an inner measuring tube located below the funnel; the surface area of

the measuring tube is one-tenth that of the 7-7/8" outer funnel diameter for measurement with

added resolution. The precipitation gauges will be checked and serviced on a regular schedule

(approximately monthly) and after a precipitation event has been noted.

2.1.1 Measurement Locations and Schedule

Table 2-1. Coordinates of the Meteorological Monitoring Sites

UTM Coordinates Nevada System Latitude-Longitude Elevation

Site Zone 11 (meters) (feet) (deg° min sec")a (msl) b

Site 1 550,784E 569,127E 36° 50' 34"N 3,752 if

(NTS-60) 4,077,374N 761,796N 116° 25' 50"W 1,144 m

Site 2 547,646E 558,844E 36° 51' 19"N 4,850 ft

(Yucca Mountain) 4,078,753N 766,356N 116° 27' 56"W 1,478 m

Site 3 548,875E 562,876E 36° 51' 17"N 4,194 ft

(Coyote Wash) 4,078,708N 766,195N 116° 27' 06"W 1,278 m

Site 6 549,390E 564,618E 36° 53' 39"N 4,313 ft

(WT-6) 4,083,084N 780,550N 116° 26' 44"W 1,315 m

Site 8 551,161E 570,344E 36° 49' 42"N 3,684 ft

(Knothead Gap) 4,075,773N 756,537N 116° 25' 35"W 1,123 m

Site 9 553,486E 577,778E 36° 40' 20"N 2,754 ft

(G-510) 4,058,477N 699,750N 116° 24' 05"W 839 m

Source: DTN: M00708ABS14MSP.000 [DIRS 182767].

a NAD27 (North American Datum of 1927).

b NGVD29 (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929).

The monitoring sites will be checked and serviced on a regular schedule (approximately

monthly) and following significant precipitation events.

2.1.2 Types of Data

Eight types of data will be acquired in these current monitoring operations:

1. Wind direction

2. Wind speed (horizontal and vertical)

3. Temperature

4. Delta temperature

5. Precipitation (rate and quantity)

6. Barometric pressure

7. Relative humidity

8. Solar radiation.


2.1.3 Parameters to Be Monitored and Expected Results

Performance Confirmation Plan (SNL 2008 [MRS 184797]) calls for two candidate parameters,

precipitation rate and quantity, to be measured for the precipitation monitoring activity.

Additionally, supplementary meteorological measurements aid in the interpretation of the

precipitation data. This supplementary data includes wind speed and direction, temperature,

pressure, humidity, and solar radiation.

This section lists parameters being monitored and provides guidance on evaluating results

relative to expectations. Operation outside these guidelines is not necessarily indicative of

equipment problems or unexpected results, but warrants further investigation (see Section 2.1.7).

Performance Confirmation Parameters:

Precipitation (quantity): Measured in inches with a resolution in hundredths-inch per bucket

tip on the tipping bucket gauge and in hundredths-inch by the scaled stick in the storage gauges.

Typical precipitation events yield less than 0.15 inches per event, per day.

Precipitation (rate): Each tip measured by the rain gauge tipping bucket is recorded on the data

logger with one-second resolution time stamps. From this data, rates can be calculated for a

given precipitation event.

Supplementary Meteorological Measurements:

Wind Direction: Measured in degrees, measured by a vane sensor. Measurement range is 00 to

360° full circle for digital data recording at Site 1. Wind vanes point toward the direction from

which the wind is blowing. North is 0° or 360°, east is 90°, south is 180°, and west is 270°.

Standard Deviation of the Wind Direction (sigma-theta): Measured in degrees, calculated

sigma-theta indicates the variations in horizontal wind direction. Daytime values are typically

over 15; typical nighttime values could be 5 to 10 during low wind speed periods. Hourly values

are the root-mean-square of the 15-minute standard deviations.

Wind Speed: Measured in meters per second, m/s (1 m/s = 2.24 mph), measured by a cup

anemometer. Measurement range is 0 to 56 m/s with an offset value related to a starting

threshold of 0.45 m/s. Wind speed at the 60-m level at Site 1 is typically higher than that at the

10-m level in the daytime. At night, higher wind speeds can occur at the 10-m level. Wind

speeds at the site are typically about 7 mph, with maximum sustained winds of about 40 mph for

a maximum at the 10 m level. At the 60 m level, the average speeds are approximately 9 mph

with sustained winds of approximately 50 mph for a maximum.

Vertical Wind Speed: Measured in meters per second, m/s, measured by the vertically pointed

propeller anemometer. Vertical wind speeds are positive (updraft) when the propeller is rotating

clockwise viewed from below, and negative (downdraft) when the propeller is rotating

counterclockwise.


Temperature: Measured in degrees Celsius (°C), measured by thermal sensors in aspirated

shields (see text in Section 4). Outdoor temperatures near Yucca Mountain are typically —10°C

to 50°C.

Delta-Temperature: Measured in degrees Celsius (°C), calculated "2 to 10" or "2-10" is the

10-m temperature minus the 2-m temperature. "10 to 60" or "10-60" is the 60-m temperature

minus the 10-m temperature; at Site 1, Delta-T is typically —0.5°C to —2°C on sunny days,

+0.5°C to +2°C at night, and can change rapidly near sunset and sunrise. Vertical temperature

difference is the preferred method for determining Pasquill stability classes for nuclear licensing

purposes because it is an effective indicator for the worst-case stability conditions.

Barometric Pressure: Measured in millibars (mb) measured by an aneroid sensor. The total

measurement range is 600 to 1,100 mb. Pressure does not typically vary more than about ±20

mb from the average station pressure at a given site, based primarily on its elevation. Typical

barometric pressure at Site 1 is 885 mb.

Relative Humidity: Recorded as percent humidity, measured by electronic sensors. The

measurement range is 0% to 100%.

Solar Radiation: Recorded as Watts per square meter (W/m 2); measured by a pyranometer for a

horizontally oriented surface. The measurement range is 0 to 1,400 W/m 2. Solar radiation

values range from approximately 600 W/m 2 to 1000 W/m2 .

2.1.4 Acceptance Criteria in Higher Level Planning

Not applicable. No acceptance criteria defined in higher level documents apply to activities

described in this PC test plan. This PC test plan revision is a deliverable and will be submitted to

DOE using the requirements from the current approved version of LP-7.5Q-OCRWM,

Reviewing Deliverable Acceptance Criteria, and Reviewing and Accepting or Rejecting

Deliverables. Acceptance criteria for this product have been established in the fiscal year 2010

Deliverable Definition Sheet for deliverable number PAD1004S.

2.1.5 Storage Requirements for Samples

Not applicable. No sample collection is planned under this activity. If samples of precipitation

were to be collected, applicable controls and criteria outlined in TST-PRO-008, Sample Control,

would be followed.

2.1.6 Known Sources of Experimental Error and Uncertainty

Uncertainty exists in the calibration of the precipitation and meteorological monitoring

equipment. The level of gauge accuracy is listed in Section 4.

Another potential source of uncertainty is related to the malfunction of batteries used to power

the data logger or to power the aspirator. The system battery is internally measured in the data

logger to check for low power output. Acceptable measurement range is 10 to 14.5 VDC.

Voltages less than about 9.6 volts can adversely affect system operation. Similarly, the aspirator


battery is measured by a bridge circuit. Acceptable measurement range is 7 to 14.5 VDC, and

amps (routinely measured only at Site 1) 0.7 to 0.85.

2.1.7 Provisions for Handling Unexpected Results, Unanticipated Test Conditions, or

Off-Normal Events during Testing

Documentation, tracking, and management of unexpected results, as described in this test plan,

are the responsibility of the Performance Confirmation Manager. This process begins with

recording the condition in the Corrective Action Program per RWGM-PRO-002, Condition

Reporting and Resolution, followed by evaluations of the data against the technical bases

supporting the license application. This performance confirmation test plan also includes

provisions for evaluating and reporting conditions or observations outside expected trends to the

DOE, according to AP-15.6Q, for the Performance Confirmation candidate parameters. The

supplementary meteorological measurements that may aid in the interpretation of the

precipitation data, if found to be outside of expected ranges, still would be recorded in the

Corrective Action Program, but notification to the DOE or the NRC would be at the discretion of

the PC Manager.

This PC test plan describes each parameter (Section 2.1.3), sources of test parameter data, and

the test data expectations. Through routine reporting to the DOE (e.g., the Performance

Confirmation Program annual report), the NRC will be kept current on progress of performance

confirmation activities and resulting evaluations.

In addition to routine reporting to the DOE, the Performance Confirmation Program will also be

subject to formal reporting of conditions that differ from those assumed in analyses supporting

the license application. The Performance Confirmation Manager will report to the DOE in

accordance with AP-15.6Q or equivalent. After an evaluation(s) of the cause of the unexpected

result is performed, an assessment of the potential significance of the unexpected results and

determination of the possible corrective actions will be conducted (see Figure 2-1).

If unexpected results or adverse trends are identified in data associated with the PC parameters,

action will be initiated by the Performance Confirmation Manager to evaluate the possible

consequences and determine the necessity for internal reporting. Additional data (e.g.,

meteorological or infiltration data) may need to be collected under a new or revised PC test plan

to aid in the evaluation, the cause, or the consequent analysis.

Unexpected Results

Precipitation monitoring does not include reportable or condition limits for the candidate PC

parameters (precipitation rate and quantity) as will be found in most PC testing and monitoring

plans. No performance-based condition limits were assigned to this activity because repository

performance estimates from TSPA include low-probability, high-precipitation years in the

calculation of the long-term mean infiltration rate. Furthermore, the long-term mean net

infiltration rate was found to be relatively insensitive to these extreme years. For example,

MASSIF results indicate that about 80% of the long-term mean infiltration for the present-day

climate is due to precipitation years with a recurrence period of 10 years and less. The remaining

20% contribution to the long-term mean net infiltration is from precipitation years with a


recurrence period of greater than 10 years (SNL 2008 [DIRS 182145], Section 6.5.7.5,

Table 6.5.7.5-1, and Figure 6.5.7.5-1). This is because these extreme years have high

precipitation (e.g., 1 m/yr) and high infiltration (e.g., 80 mm/yr), but their probability of

occurrence is small (1 in 1,000 years), and therefore they have only minor impacts on the

long-term mean. Due to the lack of a clear set of measurements which can be tied to a change in

the long-term performance of the site, no condition limits are established for precipitation

monitoring.

Precipitation rate and quantity will be continuously monitored, evaluated, and reported to the

Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management in the Performance Confirmation Program

annual report. At some future date based upon agreement between the Office of the Chief

Scientist staff and Lead Lab performance confirmation staff, the PI will update the calculation of

the stochastic parameters (from DTN: 5N0609T0502206.023 [DIRS 182698]) by adding the new

weather records from the monitored stations to the parameter calculation. The PI will compare

the elevation-corrected, updated values to the distribution used to represent present-day climate

in Table 6.5.5.1-1 of Simulation of Net Infiltration for Present-Day and Potential Future

Climates (SNL 2008 [D1RS 182145]). If the uncertainty range is exceeded using new weather

data, then a new statistical analysis of all present-day climate datasets would update the

precipitation inputs to the MASSIF model. Depending upon YMP priorities, the Office of the

Chief Scientist and Lead Lab personnel may decide to perform new infiltration calculations and

compare them to those in DTN: 5N0609T0502206.023 [D1RS 182698].


(PI) '

Does data

confirm

expected

results?.

Continue

PC data

collection

Yes

(PCM)

Does the

evaluation

confirm

expected

.results?.

Continue

PC data

collection

(PCM)

Document

findings of

the evaluation

and close CR

PC Data Collection

• Precipitation Rate

• Precipitation Quantity

Data Submitted to TDMS by

TCO

Compare precipitation data ( 1 )

with expected results

(PI)

Inform PCM

Inform DOE

Document condition in a CR

(PCM)

Within the CR, perform

evaluation of data (2)

No

(PCM)

Notify DOE-NRC

(AP-15.6Q)

NOTES: (1) Data comparisons may include statistical tests/comparisons as well as direct numerical comparisons.

(2) During the evaluation of the data, the re-calculation of stochastic parameters may be conducted to see

if the parameter range is still valid.

CR = condition report; PCM = Performance Confirmation Manager.

Figure 2 - 1. Illustration of Typical Flow Diagram Depicting Data Review and Reporting


2.1.8 Documents Used for Describing Changes to the Test Plan

Changes to this PC test plan will be implemented through the established processes of

SCI-PRO-002, Planning for Science Activities. Any operational changes will be evaluated and,

where appropriate, documented as a revision to the PC test plan, documented in a scientific

notebook, an FWP, or similar Project record.

2.2 PLANNING REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE CONFIRMATION ACTIVITIES

The relevance of this performance confirmation activity to performance assessment is described

in Sections 1 and 1.1. The measurements and expected data quality objectives are outlined in

Section 2.1. The process for reporting unexpected results or conditions is outlined in

Section 2.1.7. Additional steps for modeling activities and scientific analysis are not applicable

to this PC test plan.

3. IMPLEMENTING DOCUMENTS

3.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPLEMENTING DOCUMENTS

Documents supporting the Yucca Mountain activities in this test plan are as follows:

• Programmatic procedure: AP-15.6Q, Reportable Geologic Condition

• Programmatic procedure: DM-PRO-002, Records Management

• Programmatic procedure: DM-PRO-004, Managing Licensing Support Network

Relevant Records

• Programmatic procedure: IM-PRO-002, Control of the Electronic Management of

Information

• Programmatic procedure: IM-PRO-003, Software Management

• Programmatic procedure: PM-PRO-001, Procurement Documents

• Programmatic procedure: QA-PRO-009, Acceptance of Products and Services

• Programmatic procedure: QA-PRO-011, Grading

• Programmatic procedure: RWGM-PRO-002, Condition Reporting and Resolution

• Programmatic procedure: SCI-PRO-002, Planning for Science Activities

• Programmatic procedure: SCI-PRO-003, Scientific Notebooks

• Programmatic procedure: TST-PRO-001, Submittal and Incorporation of Data to the

Technical Data Management System


• Programmatic procedure: TST-PRO-002, Control of Measuring and Test Equipment

• Programmatic procedure: TST-PRO-008, Sample Control

• Field work package: FWP-SB-99-001, Field Activities in Support of Meteorological Programs

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-028, Calibration of rain Gauge Tipping Buckets

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-029, Calibration of Novalynx Model 260-2510 Storage Gauge

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-030, Calibration of Temperature Sensors

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-031, Delta-Temperature Calibration

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-032, Precipitation Storage Gauge Measurements

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-033, Meteorological Site Routine Check Instructions

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-034, Storage Module Change Out

• Technical procedure: TST-PRO-T-035, Storage Module Data Transfer Procedure.

If any of the implementing documents listed above are superseded (or revised), the work will be accomplished in accordance with the new or revised document.

3.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS

The measurement processes associated with the technical procedures listed in Section 3.1 are based on standard practices and test methods set forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

• ASTM D 3631, Standard Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure [D1RS 161680]

• ASTM D 5096, Standard Test Method for Determining the Performance of a Cup Anemometer or Propeller Anemometer [DIRS 161699]

• ASTM D 5366, Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Performance of a Wind Vane [DIRS 161681]

• ASTM D 5741, Standard Practice for Characterizing Surface Wind Using a Wind Vane and Rotating Anemometer [DIRS 107655]

• ASTM D 6176M, Standard Practice for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Temperature with Electrical Resistance Temperature Sensors [DIRS 161700].


The monitoring program uses measuring and test equipment (M&TE) to collect data. The

calibrations are performed using standards that comply with TST-PRO-002. The procedure

requires that the calibration standards are either traceable to nationally recognized standards,

such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or demonstrate justification for use

of another standard.

3.3 APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS OR REQUIREMENTS

Requirements for this document are derived from 10 CFR Part 63 [D1RS 186479], as discussed

in Section 1. Performance confirmation test planning requirements are provided by Performance

Confirmation Plan (SNL 2008 [DIRS 184797]). Reporting requirements are specifically listed

in 10 CFR 63.132(d) [DIRS 186479].

All other supporting acquired data (e.g. wind speed, temperature, humidity) are not specifically

required for current Yucca Mountain operations, nor are performance confirmation candidate

parameters; however, these supplementary measurements aid in the interpretation of the

precipitation data and are based on guidance from the NRC for the acquisition of basic

meteorological data needed to support plant licensing and operation (NRC 2007

[DIRS 181945]). Although the regulation is written for present-day power reactor sites and is

not required for current Yucca Mountain operations, meteorological data collected over tens of

years will be available for baseline comparison with the required measurements when regulations

are imposed — upon the proper licensing phase of the Project. Since the NRC guidance is not

directly applicable to current YMP meteorological monitoring, the following exceptions are

noted and justified:

NRC Guidance (NRC 2007 [DIRS 1819451, Section 2.3): "Ambient temperature should be monitored at approximately 10 meters."

Clarification/Alternative

Ambient temperature measurements will be made at 10 m above ground level (agl) at Site 1

only. The remaining five sites will measure temperature at a height of 2 m agl.

NRC Guidance (NRC 2007 [DIRS 1819451, Section 5): "Meteorological instruments should be inspected and serviced at a frequency that will ensure data recovery of at least 90

percent on an annual basis. The 90-percent rate applies to the composite of all variables

(e.g., the joint frequency distribution of wind speed, wind direction, stability class) needed to

model atmospheric dispersion for each potential release pathway. In addition, the 90-percent

rate applies individually to the other meteorological parameters."


A realistic goal for data recovery is 98% based on history with the site in full operational

mode, however, with the site in a cold stand-by status, power and communications are not

deemed reliable and no backup or redundancy beyond the data logger batteries is provided.

With no onsite craft-workers available, if an outage occurs, maintenance orders to NSTec are

developed and call-outs are made. Several days may pass before services are restored.


Therefore, depending on battery conditions and field access, data loss can be expected and

the 90% recovery guidance may not be achievable.

NRC Guidance (NRC 2007 [DIRS 1819451, Section 5): "Ambient Channel checks should

be performed daily for operational monitoring programs."


With the site in a cold stand-by status, communications are not deemed reliable to these sites.

Field staff is limited with no full-time personnel devoted to daily checks at each site.

Therefore, channel checks will be performed remotely, on a daily basis, as communications

allow. If the remote communication system is not functional, meteorological sites will be

checked as limited field staff becomes available.

3.4 NON-Q ACTIVITIES

Any non-Q work under this performance confirmation test plan that are not important to safety

or waste isolation will be planned and implemented in accordance with QA-PRO-011.

4. TEST EQUIPMENT AND CALIBRATION

The instruments planned for use in the precipitation and meteorological monitoring

measurements are listed in Table 4-1. Standards that are used to calibrate other standards are

calibrated by outside vendors and have accuracy greater than that of the item being calibrated.

Equipment, such as the wind sensors and some electronic M&TE, is calibrated by outside

vendors. Most M&TE and operating equipment has a one-year calibration period based on

manufacturer recommendations. When calibration periods are greater than those specified by the

manufacturer, they will be justified with appropriate documentation as required by

TST-PRO-002. All the M&TE listed will be used to acquire "Q" data and requires calibration.

Chemical reagents or standards are not planned for any of these activities described in this PC

test plan.


Table 4-1. Meteorological Instruments

Measuring and Measurement Measurement Manufacturer Required Testing Limited Cal

Test Equipment Type Range Accuracy Accuracy Cal* Interval

Climatronics Wind Wind direction 0 to 360 0 , ±2° ±5°, starting threshold Yes Annual

Direction Sensor starting of

The Data Logger and Recording System

The data logger digitizes the sensor output and stores the information on a storage module. The

data logger will be calibrated every year and documented in accordance with TST-PRO-002.


The six precipitation stations are presently instrumented to measure precipitation rate with a

tipping bucket gauge, a Campbell Scientific data logger (CR1OX or CR23X) and storage module,

and a 12-volt battery with a solar panel charging system. The tipping bucket gauges use a twin

bucket mechanism that allows the buckets to tip back and forth, closing a switch, as rainfall fills

one bucket at a time. The switch closure sends an electronic signal to the pulse counter on the

Campbell data logger. Each tip corresponds to approximately 0.01 inches (0.254 mm) of

precipitation.

The precipitation stations will be instrumented to measure precipitation quantity using an

7-7/8 - NovaLynx 260-2510 Storage Rain Gauge. The upper portion of the NovaLynx Storage

Rain Gauge funnel is cylindrical in shape and turned to a sharp edge. Rainwater or snowmelt is

funneled into a receiver located below the funnel.

Wind screens are placed around all tipping bucket gauges and storage gauges. These screens

consist of a ring of free swinging metal "leaves" that prevent the development of strong updrafts

which might change the trajectories of raindrops falling into or close to the gauge.

Meteorological Monitoring — Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric pressure is measured in millibars near ground level at Site 1. The measurement is

made using an aneroid sensor and a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CR23X datalogger.

Meteorological Monitoring — Temperature and Relative Humidity

At Site 1, temperature and relative humidity measurements are made with Climatronics

Corporation instruments, which are housed in an aspirated radiation shield. Temperature is

measured at three levels: 2-m, 10-m, and 60-m heights. Relative humidity is only measured at

2 m agl.

The remaining remote sites (2, 3, 6, 8 and 9) will measure temperature and relative humidity

with an R.M. Young Company relative humidity and temperature probe housed in an aspirated

radiation shield.

The aspirator blower motors and communication radios at the remote sites are powered off an

"aspirator" solar panel/charge controller/battery configuration that is separate from the data

logger and collection (sensors) configuration. During the winter months, when sunlight is less

and cloud cover is prevalent, the total solar radiation received via the panel may not be adequate

to properly charge the aspirator's battery. The aspirator blower motor, in conjunction with the

radiation shield, is used to keep temperature measurements near ambient temperature.


During winter months, the aspirator blower motor may be disconnected but the temperature

measurements will continue to be measured via the existing radiation shield with 'natural'

aspiration. This will significantly reduce the power load on the aspirator battery.

The voltage to the aspirator's battery will be monitored and will dictate when solar charging

conditions merits disconnecting the aspirator motor during these winter months. Any

temperature data measured with the condition of natural aspiration instead of the blower motor

will be annotated in the Technical Data Management Submittal for the end users. The end users

of the data can determine the validity of the temperature data.

Meteorological Monitoring — Wind Speed and Direction

At Site 1, wind direction, and horizontal and vertical wind speed are measured with Climatronics

Corporation sensors.

Meteorological Monitoring — Solar Radiation

At Site 1, solar radiation will be measured by a pyranometer in an open area where no objects

will shade the pyranometer.

5. RECORDS

Records generated from the technical and programmatic procedures shall be collected and

submitted in accordance with DM-PRO-002. Records that are relevant to the Licensing Support

Network (LSN) or subject to LSN discovery shall be controlled in accordance with

DM-PRO-004.

6. QUALITY VERIFICATIONS

This monitoring program will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of Quality

Assurance Requirements and Description (DOE 2009 [DRS 185965]) and in compliance with

10 CFR 63 [DRS 186479], Subpart F, Performance Confirmation. No additional quality

verifications, other than regularly scheduled audits and surveillances, are required during the

implementation of this work.

7. PREREQUISITES, SPECIAL CONTROLS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS,

PROCESSES, OR SKILLS

7.1 PREREQUISITES TO BEGIN WORK

None except as noted in FWP-SB-99-001 for site access and field work.

"Q" testing will be conducted with equipment calibrated by Qualified Suppliers List (QSL)

vendors or with standards procured from qualified suppliers (those included on the Office of

Civilian Radioactive Waste Management's QSL) and will be traceable to nationally recognized

standards. Calibration requirements are discussed in Section 4.


7.2 CONTROLLING THE ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION

Data recorded under this PC test plan are subject to controls on electronic management of

information according to IM-PRO-002. The plan for implementing the controls will be

presented in the initial entry of the scientific notebook.

A process control evaluation is found as Appendix A of this PC test plan. The evaluation

indicates that adequate controls are provided by the implementing procedures for this work

package. Electronic information will be protected, readily available, backed up, and securely

stored by using the YMP network. Any electronic information not residing on the YMP network

will be password or physically protected, backed up on a daily basis (unless otherwise

constrained by the data acquisition system, in which case special provisions will be made and

approved by the technical work plan manager), and kept in an environmentally controlled facility

with limited access until the electronic information can be transferred to the YMP network.

When electronic information is transferred to TDMS, accuracy and completeness will be verified

by a visual inspection of the number of files and the file sizes in accordance with the

requirements of TST-PRO-001. This PC test plan develops no sensitive unclassified material.

The plan for implementing the controls is also described in the initial entry of scientific notebook

SN-SNL-SCI-050-V2.

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

Not applicable. No special environmental controls or conditions are required for activities under

this performance confirmation test plan except as noted in Section 6.1 of FWP-SB-99-001

(SNL 2008 [DRS 186550]) for conduct of field work.

7.4 SPECIAL TRAINING

Training requirements are specified in FWP-SB-99-001 (SNL 2008 [MRS 186550]) for site

access and personnel safety. There is no other special training identified.

8. SOFTWARE

8.1 SOFTWARE USED TO CONDUCT WORK

All software used in "Q" activities will be subject to the requirements of IM-PRO-003.

Campbell commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software is used to collect data from the datalogger.

Campbell COTS software is also used for visual display and graphical representation of data

collected at the various weather station sites. These software packages are not qualified as they

are exempt from IM-PRO-003 due to the application of their use. LoggerNet, LoggerNet

Admin, RTMCPro, RTMCWebserver, and Baler are the Campbell COTS registered software

packages (in accordance with IM-PRO-003) that could be used for the above purposes. PC208

Version 3.2 (STN: 10739-3.2-00 [DRS 182487]) is baselined and qualified, used for the

downloading and collection of the data.


Microsoft Access 2000 and Excel software are used for data storage and manipulation. Neither

software package requires a software tracking number.

8.2 CONTINUOUS USE SOFTWARE

Not applicable. There is no continuous use software planned for this activity.

9. PROCUREMENT

Procurements for precipitation and meteorological monitoring could consist of purchases of

equipment to replace old or damaged instrumentation and subcontract services for calibration of

M&TE. Procurements are executed under PM-PRO-001. The documentation of acceptance for

procured items or services is processed through OA-PRO-009. The precipitation and

meteorological monitoring program will utilize services from suppliers such as the following: (1)

NSTec for calibration of the data loggers, thermal and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and

precipitation gauges; (2) Climatronics for calibration of wind speed and wind direction

instruments; (3) and Primary Standards Laboratory for calibration of the solar radiation detector.

10. REFERENCES

186479 10 CFR 63. 2009. Energy: Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in a

Geologic Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Internet Accessible.

161680 ASTM D 3631-99. 1999. Standard Test Methods for Measuring Surface

Atmospheric Pressure. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for

Testing and Materials. TIC: 253821.

161699 ASTM D 5096-02. 2002. Standard Test Method for Determining the

Performance of a Cup Anemometer or Propeller Anemometer. West

Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials.

TIC: 253819.

161681 ASTM D 5366-96. 1996. Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic

Performance of a Wind Vane. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American

Society for Testing and Materials. TIC: 253820.

107655 ASTM D 5741-96. 1998. Standard Practice for Characterizing Surface Wind

Using a Wind Vane and Rotating Anemometer. West Conshohocken,

Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials. TIC: 236772.


161700 ASTM D 6176M-97. 1998. Standard Practice for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Temperature with Electrical Resistance Temperature Sensors. West

Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials. TIC: 253822.

170035 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2004. Conceptual Model and Numerical Approaches for Unsaturated Zone Flow and Transport. MDL-NBS-HS-000005

REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20040922.0006; DOC.20050307.0009.

167652 BSC 2004. Seepage Model for PA Including Drift Collapse. MDL-NBS-HS- 000002 REV 03. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20040922.0008; DOC.20051205.0001.

182591 BSC 2007. Local Meteorology of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, 1994-2006. TDR-MGR-MM-000002 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20070905.0008; DOC.20070924.0001.

185965 DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) 2009. Quality Assurance Requirements and Description. DOE/RW-0333P, Rev. 21. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: DOC.20090102.0004.

181887 M00706METMND06.000. Meteorological Monitoring Data for 2006. Submittal date: 06/19/2007.

182767 M00708ABS14MSP.000. As-Built Survey for 14 Meteorological Sites and Precipitation Stations at Yucca Mountain. Submittal date: 08/23/2007.



185669 M00805METMND08.000. Meteorological Monitoring Data for 2008, through Day 125. Submittal date: 05/28/2008.

186329 M00907METPRD08.001. Meteorological and Precipitation Data at Yucca Mountain for 2008. Submittal date: 07/09/2009.

181945 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission) 2007. Regulatory Guide 1.23, Rev. 1. 2007. Meteorological Monitoring Programs for Nuclear Power Plants.

Washington, D.C.: U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACC: MOL.20070926.0187.

182487 PC208W V. 3.2. 2003. WINDOWS 2000. STN: 10739-3.2-00.


179887 SN0606T0502206.014. Calculated Weather Summary for Present Day and Future

Climates. Submittal date: 06/07/2006.

177912 SNO608WEATHER1.005. Temperature, Precipitation, Wind Speed, Relative

Humidity, Dew Point Temperatures, and Barometric Pressure Data Collected from

1993-2004 Measured at Yucca Mountain Weather Stations 1,2,3,6, and 9.

Submittal date: 08/23/2006.

182698 5N0609T0502206.023. Precipitation Parameters Calculated Using Fourier

Analyses for Modern Interglacial and Future Climates. Submittal date:

09/07/2006.

182694 5N0701T0502206.040. Calculated Weather Summary for the Present-Day

Climate, Rev 1. Submittal date: 01/10/2007.

177081 SNL (Sandia National Laboratories) 2006. Data Analysis for Infiltration

Modeling: Extracted Weather Station Data Used to Represent Present-Day and

Potential Future Climate Conditions in the Vicinity of Yucca Mountain.

ANL-MGR-MD-000015 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National

Laboratories. ACC: DOC.20070109.0002; DOC.20070208.0009.

179545 SNL 2007. Calibrated Unsaturated Zone Properties.

ANL-NBS-HS-000058 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National

Laboratories. ACC: DOC.20070530.0013; DOC.20070713.0005;

LLR.20080423.0015; LLR.20080527.0082.

177404 SNL 2007. Drift-Scale THC Seepage Model. MDL-NBS-HS-000001 REV 05.

Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National Laboratories. ACC: DOC.20071010.0004;

LLR.20080408.0266.

181383 SNL 2007. Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model. ANL-EBS-MD-000049

REV 03 ADD 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National Laboratories.

ACC: DOC.20070831.0003.

184614 SNL 2007. UZ Flow Models and Submodels. MDL-NBS-HS-000006 REV 03

AD 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National Laboratories.

ACC: DOC.20080108.0003; DOC.20080114.0001; LLR.20080414.0007;

LLR.20080414.0033; LLR.20080522.0086; DOC.20090330.0026;

DOC.20100120.0004.

186550 SNL 2008. Meteorological Monitoring. FWP-SB-99-001, Rev 003. Las Vegas,

NV: Sandia National Laboratories. ACC: DOC.20080429.0002.

184797 SNL 2008. Performance Confirmation Plan. TDR-PCS-SE-000001 REV 05

AD 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National Laboratories. ACC:

DOC.20080227.0003; DOC.20080324.0002; DOC.20090211.0001.


183750 SNL 2008. Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Model Abstraction. MDL-NBS-HS-000021 REV 03 AD 02. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National Laboratories. ACC: DOC.20080107.0006; LLR.20080408.0256.

182145 SNL 2008. Simulation of Net Infiltration for Present-Day and Potential Future Climates. MDL-NBS-HS-000023 REV 01 AD 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Sandia National Laboratories. ACC: DOC.20080201.0002; LLR.20080507.0008; LLR.20080522.0101; DOC.20090603.0002.


APPENDIX A

IM-PRO-002 PROCESS CONTROL EVALUATION


Process Control Evaluation for the Electronic Management of Information

Complete only applicable items

OA, QA

Page lof 1

A. ProcedureANork Activity Identification (check one)

• Procedure (identify process procedure number, title, revision and ICN level being evaluated), or

Work Activity (identify by work package number, Technical Work Plan, technical product, etc., including title and revision)

Performance Confirmation Test Plan for: Precipitation Monitoring (TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV02)

131. Processes/Process FunctionsANork Activities Evaluation

Yes No

1. Will, or does, the process/process function/wort activity depend on a form of electronic media to store, maintain, retrieve, modify,

update, or transmit information? rl •

2. Will, or does, the process/process function/work activity manage, control, or use an electronic database, spreadsheet, set of files, ... or other holding system for information? 0

3. Will, or does, the process/process function/work activity transfer information electronically from one location to another? (The

method may be File Transfer Protocol, electronic download, tape to tape, disk to disk, etc.) A •

4. Will, or does, the process/process function/work activity produce any Sensitive Unclassified electronic information? • I

If the answers to Section 81 are all "No'', process in accordance with Step 6.1.2G.

B2. Processes/Process FunctionsANork Activities Compliance Evaluation

Yes No N/A

1. If any Sensitive Unclassified electronic information is produced, are the process controls in accordance with

Sandia Corporate processes • • @ 2. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate controls to protect information from damage and

destruction for its prescribed lifetime? Ja .i • M 3. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate controls to ensure that information is readily retrievable? I • •

4. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate controls to describe how information will be stored with

respect to media, conditions, location, retention time, security, and access? 0 • • 5. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate controls to properly identify storage and transfer media as

to source, physical and logical format, and relevant date? 0 • • 6. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate controls to ensure completeness and accuracy of the

information input and any subsequent changes? 0 • • 7. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate access to controls to maintain the security and integrity of

the information? kl. • • 8. Does the procedure or work activity document provide adequate controls to ensure that transfers are error free or within a

defined permissible error rate? (e.g., copying raw information from notebook to electronic information form, electronic • • media to another electronic media, or File Transfer Protocols)

If the answers to Section 82 are all "Yes", process in accordance with Step 6.1.2G. Mark "N/A" for those items that are not applicable to the specific

process or work activity.

C. Results of Evaluation

Provide a summary of the "as-is condition," proposed remedial actions, and expected completion date of document revision, for each item in Section

62 that was indicated as "No.'

Responsible Manager

.,--

Date

Douglas J. Weaver ------

1/19/10

IM-PRO-002.1-R1

TWP-MGR-MM-000002 REV 02 A-1 February 2010