Periodic TableArranged by increasing atomic mass
Similar elements found in columns
Modern Table
Elements are in columns called groups or families
All elements within a group have similar chemical properties and can often be used to replace one another in compounds to produce new compounds with slightly different properties
Horizontal rows are called periods
Three Distinct Regions
Transitional metals are in center of the table
Inner transitional metals are the two rows below
1) top row called lanthanides
2) bottom row called actinides
Group Names
Group 16 – Chalcogens
Group 17 – Halogens
Metallic Character
Metalloid – between metal and non-metal
Configuration
Aufbau Principle – orbitals fill in order of increasing energy
Orbital Diagram of Li ( 3 e-)
1s22s1
1s22s22p1
1s22s22p2
Configuration 1s22s22p6
Fe
Br
Magnetism
When electrons in half-filled degenerate orbitals spin in the same direction, the material is magnetic
Valence Electrons
K 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 1 valence e
Fe 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 2 valence e