periodic table basics
DESCRIPTION
A quick intro to the basics covered in Science 9 and Science 10 on the Periodic Table in Nova Scotia.TRANSCRIPT
THE PERIODIC TABLEM. Peverill
HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC
TABLE
• 1817 - Johann Dobereiner, Law of Triads
• 1862 - A. E. Beguyer de Chancourtois, First attempt
at a periodic table
• 1863 - John Newlands, Law of Octaves
• 1864 - Lother Meyer, abbreviated version of Periodic
Table. He published the extended version in 1870.
Unfortunately for him…
• Published his Periodic Table
in 1869.
• More easily predicted new or
missing elements.
Mendeleev predicted 10 new
elements, 7 of which existed.
DMITRI MENDELEEV
Columns = Groups
Rows = Periods
• Group = Number of valence electrons
• Period = Number of orbitals
METALS
PROPERTIES OF METALS
• Form cations (positive ions)
• Good conductors
• Lustrous (shiny)
• Malleable
• Solid at room temp. (except for mercury)
NON-METALS
PROPERTIES OF NON-
METALS
• Form anions (negative ions)
• Poor conductors
• Solid forms are brittle, group 17 and 18 are
gases at room temp. (except for bromine)
METALLOIDS
PROPERTIES OF
METALLOIDS
• “Staircase” elements
• Appear metallic but are brittle
• Semi-conductors
• Metal + Metal = Alloy
• Metal + Non-Metal = Ionic Compound (salt)
• Non-Metal + Non-Metal = Molecular
Compound
ALKALI METALS
ALKALI METALS
• Group 1 = 1 valence electron
• Form cations with +1 charge
• Most reactive metals
• Do not exist purely in nature
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
• Group 2 = 2 valence electrons
• Form cations with +2 charge
• Less reactive than Group 1 metals
• Found as salts in nature (metal + halogen)
TRANSITION METALS
TRANSITION METALS
• Form cations just like other metals, but have
multiple oxidation states (can have different
charges).
• Exceptions: Ag and Zn
HALOGENS
HALOGENS
• Group 17 = 7 valence electrons
• Form anions with -1 charge
• Most reactive elements
NOBLE GASES
NOBLE GASES
• Group 18 = 8 valence electrons
• Full valence shell (stable octet), therefore they
do not react
• Gases at room temp.
• Atomic Number (# of protons)
• Element Symbol
• Element Name
• Atomic Mass (average mass of isotopes)
REFERENCES
• Searle, S. (2011) Nova Scotia Science 10.
McGraw-Hill Ryerson
• http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.
htm