personal protective equipment - whats it all about? written by: gene herbest made available by
TRANSCRIPT
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Personal Protective Equipment - What’s it all about?
Written by: Gene Herbest
Made available by www.nationalsafetyinc.com
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REFERENCES
• AR 385 Series• AR 11-34• TB Med Series• DA Pam 385-1• 29 CFR 1910• ANSI Z41-1991
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Personal Protective Equipment
• Definition: Devices used to protect workers from injury or illness resulting from contact with chemical , radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards (AR 385 Series & OSHA)
• The need for PPE and the type of PPE used is based on hazard present; each situation “must be” evaluated independently (Risk Assessment)
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Some Caveats
• PPE is used as a last resort
• The use of PPE signifies that the hazard could not be controlled by other methods, such as:– administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation)– engineering or industrial hygiene controls
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Engineering & IH Controls
• Design (remove hazard from process)
• Substitution (of less hazardous materials)
• Process modification (how and where)
• Isolate the process or the worker
• Wet methods for dust reduction
• Local exhaust ventilation (at source)
• Dilution ventilation (area)
• Good housekeeping
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Back to the caveats...
• The use of PPE signals that the hazard still exists in the workplace
• Unprotected workers in the same area will be exposed
• Failure of PPE means that the worker “will be” exposed
• PPE can be combined with other controls
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So, what is it???
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PPE• Head protection• Eye and Face protection• Hearing protection• Respiratory protection• Arm and Hand protection• Foot and Leg protection• Protective clothing
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Head Protection
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Hard Hats work by dissipating force
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Eye Protection
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Eye Protection• Common Uses:
– Impact Protection• Grinding
• Drilling
– Chemical Hazards• Parts washer
• Spray Painting
– Radiation Protection• welder’s goggles
• laser goggles
• UV
• Infrared
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Eye Protection - Selection
• Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes from flying objects (no face protection)
• Chemical splash goggles protect against fluids by sealing tightly against the face
• Face shields provide highest level of protection
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Face Shield - the highest level of face protection
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Hearing Protection
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Hearing Protection Basics
• Noise induced hearing loss can occur with exposures >90 dBA
• A hearing conservation program becomes a requirement at exposures >85dBA
• Higher levels of noise exposure have shorter allowable exposure times
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Noise levels versus Duration
Sound Level (dBA)
90
92
95
100
105
110
115
Exposure (hours)
8
6
4
2
1
0.5
0.25
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Hearing Protection
• Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a conversation in a normal tone of voice with someone at arm’s length, you are likely near 90dBA
• All hearing protection devices should have a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # of decibels they will reduce noise levels
• Be conservative when using NRRs
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A couple examples
• Example 1– Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA– exposure = 105 dBA– 105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay
• Example 2– same plugs– exposure = 125 dBA– 125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable; must be
below 90 dB
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Hearing Protection - Types
• Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes difficult to tell if workers are wearing them
• Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable, typically higher NRRs than plugs, more obvious
• Can be used together in very high noise areas
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Arm and Hand Protection
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Gloves - Typical Uses
• Chemical protection
• Biohazard protection
• Abrasion protection
• Friction protection
• Protection from extremes of heat and cold
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Gloves - more caveats
• No glove is good against all hazards
• Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be periodically replaced
• When donning gloves, examine them for signs of tears, cracks, holes and dry rot
• Hands should always be washed after removing gloves
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Handwashing and gloves
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Foot and Leg Protection
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Protective Footwear• Steel-toed footwear, preferably with metatarsal
guards, is used to protect feet from crushing injuries caused by heavy objects
• All safety footwear shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991
• Rubber boots are often used to protect feet from exposure to liquids
• Chaps or leggings are used in certain applications (i.e., using a chainsaw)
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Other Protective Clothing
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Other Protective Clothing
• Used to protect the work uniform from hazards in the workplace
• Often hazard specific
• To be considered effective, protective clothing must prevent the contaminant from reaching the clothing or skin of the worker!
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Respiratory Protection
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Respiratory Protection
• Protects users by removing harmful materials that may enter the body via the lungs
• Inhalation is one of the quickest, most efficient ways to introduce “lethal” levels of hazardous materials into the body
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Respiratory System
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Respirators - types
• Air Purifying Respirators (APR)– Half-face– Full Face
• Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR)
• Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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Respirators
• Does not include:– surgical masks– dust masks
• N-95 respirators are a special class of respiratory protection primarily used in the health care field
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Respirators - A Big Caveat!!!
• workers “should not” wear a respirator unless they have been medically cleared to do so!
• This clearance may take the form of a questionnaire, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, chest X-Ray, or a combination of the above
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Why?
• Respirators put additional resistance against the respiratory system of the wearer
• workers with undiagnosed respiratory system or cardiovascular problems could trigger a serious medical problem (respiratory distress, asthma, heart attack, etc.) by using a respirator
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Respirators are incompatible with facial hair
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Facial hair…
• The respirator cannot form a tight seal against the cheeks and chin, resulting in air leaks which can allow airborne contaminants to be inhaled
• Specially designed PAPR hoods can be used for workers with facial hair
• small amounts of facial hair that fit inside of the respirator facepiece are acceptable
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PPE Usage
• PPE that is required to safely conduct work should be purchased/ordered by the work section and/or unit
• Employers are responsible for ensuring that PPE is “available and worn”
• workers “are” responsible for wearing & maintaining PPE, and reporting worn or defective PPE to their Employer
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Recap
• PPE is hazard specific; the hazards of each workplace and task “must be” evaluated (risk assessment)
• PPE is used as a last resort when the hazard cannot be controlled by other methods
• Employers “are” responsible to ensure it is available and worn; workers must wear and maintain their PPE
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Recap
• PPE is only considered effective if it prevents the contaminant from reaching the worker
• Respirators should not be worn by workers unless they have been medically cleared to do so
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Dressed for Success!
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For additional information on PPE...
• Contact your Employer
• Or contact National Safety, Inc. directly
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FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Asking me to overlook a simple safety violation would be asking me to
compromise my entire attitude toward the value of “your” life!
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QUESTIONS?