consists of enduring distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

from two Latin words per and sonare which literally means “to sound through”

persona came from the same Latin words which means MASK

Libido Unconscious mind Focus on early life

experience as the shaper of adult personality

The id houses biological instincts, is completely unconscious, and operates according to the pleasure principle.

The ego develops out of the demands and constraints of the environment and gains pleasure through the reality principle: the use of rational means to gain pleasure within the norms of society.

The superego is the moral branch of personality assessing the right and wrong of behavior.

CONFLICT ANXIETY

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

HOMEOSTASIS

KAREN HORNEY

Socio-Cultural Approach

emphasized the need for security as the prime motivator of personality development.

Moving toward behavior seeking love, security, support, etc.

Moving away seeking for independence

Moving against characterized by being competitive and domineering

CARL JUNG

Analytical Theory

agreed with Freud in the existence of the unconscious mind

impersonal and deepest layer on the unconscious mind shared by all human beings due to their common ancestral past.

Emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning.

ANIMUS-the assertive masculine side.

ANIMA-the passive feminine side.

represent the true self as opposed to the mask that we wear everyday

SELF-the real self ; enable us to connect to the universe.

Shadow-the immoral and the evil self representing our latent dispositions. also known as the other self.

ALFRED ADLER

Individual Psychology

Adler stressed that individuals were dynamic: Each person plays an active rather than a passive role in his or her development

B. F. Skinner

Behaviorism-believes that personality is learned through experience with the environment.

Behavior changes as the environment changes.

ALBERT BANDURA

Social Cognitive Theory

Reciprocal Determinism-believes that personality is determined by a complex interplay of behavior, environment, and cognitive processes.

Observational Learning

Observational learning is a key aspect in how we learn; we form ideas about others’ behavior and possibly adopt that behavior.

Study the following:

The Humanistic Perspective by Carl Rogers

Maslow’s Approach