PersonalityI. Trait Theory

PersonalityEarly attempt: Type-A, Type-B

I. Trait Theory

PersonalityI. Trait Theory

-Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, etc.

Kind obsequiousGentle aggressiveHappy egocentricMean possessiveSad caringGleeful sanguineCheerful desperatemad nastyAloof angryWarm calm

Total = 18,000Total = 171

PersonalityI. Trait Theory

Cattell: 16 dimensions, or source traits

Personality

Eysenck: could further group into two dimensions

I. Trait TheoryCattell: 16 dimensions, or source traits

Personality

Eysenck: could further group into two dimensions

I. Trait TheoryCattell: 16 dimensions, or source traits

16 too many, 2 is too few....

PersonalityI. Trait Theory

Problems:

-behaviour is less consistent than they predict-descriptive, not explanatory

-are these the core traits, or correlated with them?

PersonalityII. Psychodynamic Theory

-personality is the result of internal activity-in other words, explanatory

Sigmund Freud

I. Trait Theory

PersonalityII. Psychodynamic Theory

-personality is the result of internal activity-in other words, explanatory

I. Trait Theory

Between 1858-1869:Over 11,000 reported cases of rape or attempted rapeOf these, over 9,000 were on children (4-12 yrs)Included a “simulation” chapter

-anatomical, physical evidence-reluctance to accuse, fearfulness-precise details of the attacks

PersonalityII. Psychodynamic TheoryI. Trait Theory

Id

Ego

Superego

-pleasure principle

-reality principle

-guilt

Stages of development, fixation:

“Personality” structures:

Oral (birth-1 yr)Anal (1-3 yrs)Phallic (3-6 yrs)

(latent: Oedipus complex, 7-12 yrs)Genital (13+)

PersonalityII. Psychodynamic TheoryI. Trait Theory

-sublimation-reaction formation-rationalization-projection

Personality Dynamics and defence mechanisms

PersonalityII. Psychodynamic TheoryI. Trait Theory

-not replicable-vague terms-lack of predictive power-too pessimistic, overemphasis on sex

Problems with Freud:

-overemphasis on unconscious impulses

PersonalityII. Psychodynamic TheoryI. Trait Theory

-Jung, archetypes-Rogers client-centered therapy-Maslow’s hierarchy

III. Beyond Freud: Humanists, self-actualization-conscious, present, positive

PersonalityMeasurement:

1) Objective/structured tests-e.g.: MMPI

PersonalityMeasurement:

1) Objective/structured tests2) Projective/unstructured testse.g.: Rorschach, TAT