Persons and Family RelationsPERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS SYLLABUS (by Atty. Alett Nunez SY 2010-2011)

I.    INTRODUCTION TO THE CIVIL CODE

A.    Effect and application of laws. (Art. 15 and 17) (1-18 CC)

Case: Tanada vs. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446

B.    Human Relations. (Art. 19, 20, 21 and 26)

Case:  Albenson Enterprise vs. CA, 217 SCRA 16

II.    PERSONS

A.    Civil Personality

i.      Civil Personality

1.     General Provisions (Art. 37, CC)

a.      Juridical capacity

b.     Capacity to act

bi.  Restrictions on capacity to act (Art. 38)

bii. Circumstances modifying capacity to act (Art. 39)

Cases: Standard Oil Co. vs. Arenas, 19 Phil. 363

Mercado vs. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215

Bambalan vs. Maramba, 51 Phil. 417

Braganza vs. Villa Abrille, 105 Phil. 456

2.       Natural Persons

a.      Commencement of civil personality (Art. 40, CC)

b.      Extinguishment of civil personality (Art. 42, CC)

c.      Survivorship (Art.43, CC)

Case: Geluz vs. CA, 2 SCRA 8

3.       Juridical Persons

a.       Enumeration (Art. 44, CC)

b.      Governing laws (Art. 45, 47, CC)

c.       Rights and obligations (Art. 46, CC)

ii.        Citizenship and Domicile

Case: Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300

III.     THE CONSTITUTION AND THE  REGULATION OF FAMILY RELATIONS

A.      The Family (Art. 15, 1987 Constitution)

B.      Policy of protection and government support to family.  (Art. 2 Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution)

C.      Equal Protection. (Art. 2, Sec. 14: Article 2, Section 1, 1987 Constitution)

IV.      MARRIAGE

A.      Definition and Nature of Marriage (Art. 1, Family Code)

Breach of Promise to Marry (Arts. 19-21. 2176, CC)

Cases:   Wassmer vs. Velez, 12 SCRA 648

Tanjanco vs. CA, 18 SCRA 994

De Jesus vs. Syquia, 58 Phil 866

Gashem Shookat Baksh vs. CA, 219 SCRA 115

Constantino vs. Mendez, 209 SCRA 18

In Re Santiago, 70 Phil 66

Selanova vs. Mendoza, 64 SCRA 69

B.      Requisites of Marriage.

a.       Essential (Art. 2)

i.     Legal capacity: male and female

1.       Persons who may contract marriage (Art. 5, 21)

2.       Impediments to contracting marriage (Art. 37, 38)

ii.      Consent freely given

Case: People vs. Santiago, 61 Phil. 68

b.      Formal (Art. 3)

i.                     Authority of solemnizing officer (Art. 7, 10, 31, 32, 35 (2)

Case: Navarro vs. Domagtoy, 129 SCRA 259

ii.                   License

1.       General rule: required

a.       Issuance (Art. 9, 24)

b.      Marriages between Filipino citizens abroad (Art. 10)

c.       Contents of application (Art.11)

d.      Documents required for issuance (Art.12)

e.      Additional requirement if party previously married (Art. 13)

f.        Parental consent (Art. 14, 16)

g.       Parental advice (Art. 15, 16)

h.      Publication (Art. 17)

i.         In case of alleged impediment (Art. 18)

j.        Fees (Art.19)

k.       Validity (Art.20)

l.         Certificate of capacity (Art. 21)

Case: People vs. Janssen, 54 Phil 176

2.       Marriages exempt from license requirement

a.       In articulo mortis (Art. 27, 29, 30, 31, 32)

b.      Remote locations (Art.28, 29, 30)

c.       Among ethnic groups (Art.33)

d.      Cohabitation for 5 years (Art.34)

Case: Cosca vs. Palaypayon, 237 SCRA

Manzano vs. Sanchez, AM no. MTJ00-1329, March 8, 2001

iii.                  Ceremony

1.       Form (Art.6)

Note:  Marriage certificate (Art. 22, 23)

2.       Venue (Art. 8)

Cases: Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil 731

Madrilejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1

Balogbog v. CA, 259 SCRA 269

C.      Effect of non-compliance with requisites.  (Art. 4, Family Code)

a.      Absence of  an essential requisite: void

b.      Absence of a formal requisite: void

Exception: good faith (Art. 35.2)

c.      Defect in an essential requisite: voidable (Art.45)

d.      Irregularity in a formal requisite:

Liablibility of person responsible for irregularity (Sec. 38, Act No. 3613)

D.      Presumption of Marriage. (Art. 220, CC; Sec. 3 (aa), Rule 131, ROC)

Cases:   Trinidad vs. CA, 289 SCRA 188

Vda. De Jacob v. CA, 312 SCRA 772*

E.       Marriage solemnized outside the Philippines. (Art. 26)

a.        General rule: lex loci celebrationis

b.      Exceptions: Minority, bigamy/polygamy, mistake of identity, psychological incapacity, incest, public policy, same sex

F.       Divorce of a Filipino by an alien spouse.  (Art. 26)

Case:     Tenchavez vs. Escano, 15 SCRA 25

Pilapil vs. Ibay-Somera 174 SCRA 653 (1989)

Llorente vs. CA G.R. 124371, 23 November 2000

V.      VOID AND VOIDABLE MARRIAGES

A.       Void marriages

a.       Grounds

i.            Minority (Art.35.1)

ii.            No authority of solemnizing officer (Art.35.2)

Exception:  good faith of one party

iii.            No license (Art. 35.3)

Exception: marriages exempt from license requirement (Art. 27-34)

Cases: Republic vs. CA, 236 SCRA 257 Ninal Bayadog, supra

iv.            Bigamous/polygamous (Art.35.4)

Exception: absence of prior spouse (Art.41)

Case: Republic vs. CA, supra

v.            Mistake of identity (Art. 35.5)

vi.            Non-compliance with recording requirements ( Art. 35.6, 40,52, 53)

vii.            Psychological incapacity (Art.36)

Cases:   Republic vs. Nolasca, 220 SCRA 20

Republic vs.Matias-Dagdag, G.R. No. 109975

Republic, Santos vs. Bedia-Santos, 240 SCRA 20

Chi-Ming Tsoi vs. CA, 266 SCRA 324

Marcos vs. Marcos, G.R. No. 136490

Antonio vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 155880

Perez-Ferraris vs. Ferraris, G.R. No. 162368

Bier vs. Bier, G.R. No. 173294

Te vs. Te, G.R. No. 161793

viii.            Incest (Art. 37)

ix.            Public policy (Art. 38)

x.            Catch-all: absence of any essential or formal requisite (Art.4)

b.      Prescriptive period of action/defense for declaration of absolute nullity (Art. 39 as amended by E.O 227 and by RA 8533)

c.       Judicial declaration of nullity (Art. 40)

Cases:   Domingo vs. CA 226 SCRA 572

Wiegel vs. Sempio-Diy 143 SCRA 499

Valdes vs. RTC, 260 SCRA 221

Nicdao Carino vs. Yee Carino, G.R. No. 132529

Mercado vs. Mercado, G.R. No. 137110

d.      Bigamous marriage when prior spouse has been absent (Art.41)

i.       General rule on bigamous marriages (Art. 35.4)

ii.       Waiting period

iii.       Waiting period under extraordinary circumstances (Art. 391, CC)

iv.       Declaration of presumptive death

v.       Reappearance of prior spouse (Art. 42)

vi.        Effect of termination of subsequent marriage (Art. 43)

vii.        Effect if both spouses of subsequent marriage in bad faith (Art.44)

Case: Nicdao Carino vs. Yee Carino, supra

Mercado vs. Mercado, supra

B.      Voidable marriages

a.       Grounds

i.               No parental consent where required (Art. 45.1)

ii.              Unsound mind (Art.45.2)

iii.             Fraud (Art.45.3)

iv.             Force, intimidation, undue influence (Art. 45.4)

v.              Impotence (Art. 45.5)Cases: Jimenez vs. CanizaresMenciano vs. San Jose

vi.              Serious incurable sexually transmissible disease (Art.45.6)

vii.             Catch-all: Defect in any essential requisite (Art.4)

Cases: Aquino vs. Delizo, 109 Phil 21

Anaya vs. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97

Buccat vs. Mangonon de Buccat, 72 Phil 19

Ruiz vs. Atienza 40 O.G. 1903

Ocampo vs. Florenciano, supra

Contreras vs. Macaraig, 33 SCRA 222

Somosa-Ramos vs. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 11

b.       Persons entitled to file action for annulment (Art. 47)

c.       Prescriptive periods (Art. 47)

d.       Ratification (Art. 45.1, 45.2, 45.3)

C.      Common provisions:  Effects

a.       Safeguards against collusion (Art. 48)

b.       Support and custody during pendency of action (Art.49)

c.       Application of Arts. 43.2, 43.3, 43.4, 43.5 and Art. 44 to marriages declared void ab ignition or annulled by final judgment under Art. 40 and 45

d.      Delivery of presumptive legitimes (Art. 51)

e.      Recording requirement (Art. 52)

f.        Effects on children (Art. 54)

g.       Name and surname (Art.371)

VI.      LEGAL SEPARATION

A.       Grounds (Art. 55)

Cases: Gandionco vs. Penaranda, 155 SCRA 725

Dela Cruz vs. Dela Cruz, 22 SCRA 333

Partosa-Jo vs. CA, 216 SCRA 692

B.      Defenses (Art. 56)

Cases: People vs. Sansano, 59 Phil. 73

Ocampo vs. Florenciano 107 Phil. 35

Brown vs. Yambao, 102 Phil. 168

Bugayong vs. Ginez 100 Phil. 620

Matubis vs. Parexedes, 109 Phil. 620

C.      Prescriptive Period (Art. 57)

D.      Other requirements

a.       Steps towards reconciliation (Art. 58)

b.       Safeguards against collusion (Art. 60)

Cases: Ocampo vs. Florenciano 107 Phil. 35

Somosa-Ramos vs. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 11

Contreras vs. Macaraeg, 33 SCRA 222

E.       Consequence of filing of petitions for legal separation

a.        Entitlement to live separately (Art. 61)

b.       Administration of absolute community/conjugal partnership property (Art. 61)

c.       Custody and support (Art. 62 and 49)

Cases:De la Vina vs. Villareal, 41 Phil 13

Reyes vs. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803

Lapuz-Sy vs Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177

F.       Effects of decree

a.      Separate bed and board (Art. 63.1)

b.      Dissolution and liquidation of community property (Art. 63.2 and 43.2)

c.      Custody (Arts. 63.3 and 213)

d.      Effects on succession (Art. 63.4)

e.      Revocation of donations/insurance benefit (Art.64)

1.       Manner of revoking

2.       Prescriptive period

f.      Name and surname (Art. 372, CC)

Cases: Matute vs. Macadalo, 99 Phil 340

Laperal vs. Republic, 6 SCRA 357

Banez vs. Banez, 23 January 2003

Macadangdang vs. CA, 108 SCRA 314

G.     Reconciliation

a.       Joint manifestation (Art. 65)

b.      Consequences (Art. 66)

c.       Option to revive property regime (Art. 67)

VII.             RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE

A.       Personal obligation of spouses (Art. 68)

B.      Fixing of family domicile. (Art. 69)

C.      Joint responsibility of Support (Art. 70, compare with Art. 11 of CC; Art. 199-200)

D.      Household management. (Art. 71, compare with Art. 115 of CC)

E.       Exercise of Profession (Art. 73, compare with Art. 117, CC)

(See RA 7192, Women in Development & Nation-Building Act)

F.       Use of Surname (Art. 370, 373, 377, 378, CC)

(see RA 9048- Change of Name)

G.     Relief (Art. 72)

Cases: Gotia vs. Campos Rueda 35 Phil 252

Lacson vs. Jose Lacson 24 SCRA

Tenchavez vs. Escano 17 SCRA 674

Ty vs. CA, Nov. 27 2000

Lilius vs. Manila Road Co 59 Phil 758

Narag vs. Narag 291 SCRA 451

Dadivas vs. Villanueva 52 Phil 952

Atilano vs. Chua Ching Beng 103 Phil 255

Del Rosario vs. Del Rosario 46 OG 611

Silva vs. Peralta 110 Phil 57

Arroyo vs. Vasquez de Arroyo 42 Phil 54

Perez vs. Perez   109 Phil 657

(See also RA 9262, Anti-Violence against Women and Children Act)

VIII.           PROPERTY RELATIONS

A.      General Provisions, Marriage Settlements (Art. 74-81)

B.      Donations Proper Nuptials (Art. 82-87)

(Compare with Ordinary Donations, Art. 752-782, Tittle 3, Book 3 of CC)

C.      Absolute Community of Property

1.       General provisions (Art. 88-90)

2.       Community Property and Exclusions (Arts. 91-92)

3.       Charges and obligations (Art. 94-95)

4.       Administration and enjoyment (Art. 96)

5.       Disposition and Waivers (Art. 89, 77, 97-98)

6.       Liquidation (Art. 102-104)

Cases:     Onas vs. Javillo 59 Phil 733

Vda. De Delizo vs. Delizo 69 SCRA 216

D.      Conjugal  Partnership of Gains

1.       General provisions (105-108)

2.       Exclusive property (109-115)

Cases: Rodriguez vs. De la Cruz 8 Phil 665

People’s Bank and Trust Co. vs. Register of Deeds, 60 Phil 167

Philippine Sugar Estates vs. Poizat 48 Phil 536

Castro vs. Miat, Feb. 11, 2003

3.       Conjugal Partnership Property (Arts. 116-120)

Cases: Jocson vs. CA 170 SCRA 333

Francisco vs. CA 299 SCRA 188

Zulueta vs. Pan Am 49 SCRA 1

Mendoza vs. Reyes 124 SCRA 154

4.       Charges and Obligations (art. 121-123)

Cases: Javier vs. Osmena 34 Phil 336

Perez vs. Lantin 23 SCRA 637

DBP vs. Adil 161 SCRA 307

Ayala Investment vs. Ching 286 SCRA 273 (1998)

Carlos vs. Abelardo April 9, 2002

5.       Administration (Art. 124-125)

Cases: Felipe vs. Heirs of Maximo Aldon 120 SCRA 268

Tintigan vs. Tintigan 100 SCRA 619

Guiang vs. CA 291 SCRA 372

Relucio vs. Lopez 373 SCRA 578

Jader-Manalo vs. Camaisa 374 SCRA 498

6.       Dissolution (Art. 126-128)

7.       Liquidation (Art. 129-133)

Case: Santero vs. CFI of Cavite 153 SCRA 728

E.       Separation of Property and Administration of Common Property by One Spouse

1.       Judicial Separation (Art. 134-135)

Cases:  Garcia vs. Manzano 103 Phil 798

Partosa-Jo vs. CA 216 SCRA 692

De la Cruz vs. De la Cruz 22 SCRA 333

2.       Voluntary Separation (Art. 136)

Cases:   Bernas 14 SCRA 327

Lacson vs. San Jose 24 SCRA 837

3.       Liquidation and Dissolution of Property (Art. 137 142)

4.       Sole Administration of other spouse’s property ( Art. 142)

F.       Regime of Separate Property (Art. 143-146)

G.     Property Regimes of Unions without Marriage (Art147-148)

Cases: Agapatay vs. Palang 276 SCRA 340

Yaptinchay vs. Torres 28 SCRA 489

Vda. De Conseguera vs. GSIS 27 SCRA 315

Valdes vs. RTC

Carino vs. Carino

IX.      THE FAMILY

A.       Members of a Family

1.       Nature (Art. 149-151; Art. 2035 CC)

Cases: Mendoza vs. CA 19 SCRA 756

Mendoza vs. Bionson 80 SCRA 82

Guerrero vs. RTC 229 SCRA 274

Hontiveros vs. RTC 309 SCRA 340 (1999)

2.       Support (Art. 195-208)

a.      Support (Art. 194)

b.      Persons obliged to give support (Art.195-196)

c.      Order of liability (Art.199)

d.      Properties liable for support (Art.197)

e.      Support pendent lite (Art.198, 203)

f.       Division and order in case of joint obligation (Art. 200)

g.      Amount, demandability, manner of fulfillment, adjustments (Art. 201-204, 208)

h.      Exemption from attachment, exception to the rules (Art. 205, 208)

i.       Support by third persons (Art. 206-207)

Cases: De Asis vs. Ca, 303 SCRA 176

Lim vs. Lim G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009

3.       Funerals (Art. 305-310, CC)

B.      The Family Home

Cases: Siari Valley Estates vs. Lucasan 97 Phil 987

Modequillo vs. Breva 185 SCRA 766

Taneo vs. CA 304 SCRA 308

X.                  PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A.       Kinds of filiations.  (Art. 163)

Cases: Perido vs. Perido 63 SCRA 97

Liyao vs. Liyao March 7, 2002

B.      Legitimate Children. (Art. 146)

1.       Impugning legitimacy

Cases:   Andal vs. Macaraig 89 Phil 165

Jao vs. CA 152 SCRA 359

Macadangdang vs. CA 100 SCRA 73

Chua Keng Giap vs. TAC 166 SCRA 451

Republic vs. Labrador 305 SCRA 438

People vs. Tumimpad 235 SCRA 483

Benitez-Badua vs. CA 299 SCRA 468

Lumain de Aparicho vs. Paraguay 150 SCRA 279

2.       How to prove filiations’

Cases:   Constantino vs. Mendez 209 SCRA 18

Mendoza vs. CA 201 SCRA 675

Heirs of R. Banas vs. Heirs of B. Banas 134 SCRA 260

Uyguanco vs. CA 178 SCRA 684

Mariategui vs. CA 205 SCRA 675

Acebedo vs. Arquero March 11, 2003

3.       Action to claim legitimacy

4.       Rights to legitimate children

Cases:   Republic vs. CA 300 SCRA 1998

De Asis vs. CA 303 SCRA 176

C.      Illegitimate Children.

1.       Proof of filiations (Art. 175)

Cases:   Leuterio vs. CA 197 SCRA 369

Uyguanco vs. CA

Aruego vs. Ca 254 SCRA 150

Jison vs. CA 286 SCRA 495

Alberto vs. CA 232 SCRA 745

2.       Rights of illegitimate children

RA 9255, amending Art. 176

RA 8972, Solo Parents Welfare Act

Cases:   David vs. CA 250 SCRA 82

People vs. Namaya 246 SCRA 646

Mossesgeld vs. CA 300 SCRA 464

Republic vs. Abadilla 302 SCRA 358

Republic vs. Vicencio 300 SCRA 138

Gan vs. Reyes May 28, 2002

Tonog vs. Ca Feb. 7, 2002

D.      Legitimated Children. (Art. 177-182)

Cases:   De los Santos vs. Luciano 60 Phil 328

Ramirez vs. Gmur 42 Phil 855

XI.                ADOPTION

A.      Domestic Adoption

(RA 8552 and its IRR, Procedural Rules on Adoption, AM No. 02-6-02-SC)

(RA 9523, An Act Requiring the Certification of the DSWD to Declare a Child Legally Available for Adoption as a Pre-requisite for Adoption Proceedings)

1.       Policies (Sec. 2)

Case: Republic vs. CA, Bobiles 205 SCRA 356

2.       Definition of terms (Sec. 3)

3.       Pre-adoption services (Sec. 4, 5, 6)

4.       Eligibility

a.      Who may adopt (Sec. 7)

b.      Who may be adopted (Sec. 8)

c.       Required consents (Sec. 9)

Cases:   In re Adoption of Edwin Villa 21 SCRA 399

Republic vs. Toledano and Spouses Clave 233 SCRA 9

Republic vs. Miller 306 SCRA 183

5.       Procedures (Sec. 10, 11, 12, 15)

Cases:   Lazatin vs. Campos 92 SCAR 250

Santos vs. Aranzanso 16 SCRA 344

DSWD vs. Belen 275 SCRA 645

6.       Decree of adoption (Sec. 13, 14)

a.      Effect on parental authority (Sec. 16)

b.      Legitimacy (Sec. 17)

c.      Succession (Sec.18)

Cases:   Tamargo vs. CA SCRA 518

Sayson vs. CA 205 SCRA 321

Republic vs. Wong 209 SCRA 189

Republic vs. Hernandez 253 SCRA 509

7.       Rescission (Sec. 19, 20)

8.       Violations and penalties (Sec. 21, 22)

9.       Miscellaneous (Sec. 1, 23-28)

B.      Inter-Country Adoption

RA 8043, Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995 and its IRR

Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Inter-Country Adoption

XII.              RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PARENTS

A.       General Provisions (Art. 209-215)

(See RA 8972 (Solo Parents Welfare Act)

Cases:   Dempsey vs. RTC 164 SCRA 384

Santos vs. CA 242 SCRA 407

Cang vs. CA 296 SCRA 128

David vs. CA 250 SCRA 82

Espiritu vs. CA 242 SCRA 362 (1995)

Perez vs. CA 255 SCRA 661 (1996)

B.      Substitute and Special Parental Authority (Art. 216-219)

Cases:   Palisoc vs. Brillantes 41 SCRA 548

Amadora vs. CA 160 SCRA 315

St. Mary;s Academy vs. Carpitanos Jan. 23, 2000

Vancil vs. Belmes 358 SCRA 707

C.      Effects of Parental Authority (Art. 220-226)

Cases:   Cabanas vs. Pilapil 58 SCRA 94

Libi vs. IAC 214 SCRA 816

Lindain vs. CA 212 SCRA 725

People vs. Silvano 309 SCRA 362

D.      Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority (Art. 225-235)

(See Sec. 5-10, 27-28, 31-c, RA 7610 Anti-Child Abuse Act)

Case:     Chua vs. Cabangbang 27 SCRA 791

Abiera vs. Orin 8 Phil 193

Cortes vs. Castillo 41 Phil 466

E.       Summary Procedures (Art. 249-252)

(See RA 8369 Family Courts Act of 1997)

F.       Rights of Parents

Cases:   Silva vs. CA and Gonzales 275 SCRA 604

London vs. BCC October 10, 2002

XIII.        RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CHILDREN

Arts. 356-364, 375-376, CC

Art. 129(a), 211, par. 2, 213, 226, FC

Arts. 3 and 4, P.D. 603

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