persons reviewer - sta maria

8/21/2019 persons reviewer - sta maria

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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)

CIVIL COD OF !" P"ILIPPI#S$ Preliminary !itle

Article Summary Summarized Annotation: Added Info:

Article 1: Civil Code of thePhilippines

Art. 2: Laws shall take effect 15days following the completionof their pulication

% Ci&il 'ode too ee't on A*+*st ,0- 9/0% O 200 as iss*ed 1y President A*ino on 3*ne 945 6i'6

7ro&ided t6at 7*rs*ant to t6e r*lin+ in !a8ada &. !*&era7*1li'ation need not 1e made in t6e Oi'ial a:ette- 'onsiderin+its errati' release and limited readers6i7.

% #es7a7ers or +eneral 'ir'*lation 'o*ld 1etter 7erorm t6e*n'tion o 'omm*ni'atin+ t6e las to t6e 7eo7le;morea&aila1le- ider 'ir'*lation- 'omes o*t re+*larly.

% I a stat*te does not 7ro&ide or its ee'ti&ity- it ill only taeee't /days ater t6e 'om7letion o its 7*1li'ation. (#o one

s6all 1e '6ar+ed *nder t6e stat*te *ntil t6e 'om7letion o t6e7*1li'ation.)% Stat*tes may 7ro&ide or anot6er n*m1er o days or 7*1li'ation.

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to some stat*te. #ot meant to im7air o1li+ation or ae't &estedri+6ts.

,. 6en t6e la is 7ro'ed*ral B 6en it deals it6 7ro'ed*re ita77lies to all a'tions- 6i'6 6a&e a''r*ed- or 7endin+ and *t*re

a'tions.?. 6en t6e le+islat*re 7ro&ides t6at all 1ills s6o*ld *nder +o readin+s instead o ,. !6is ae'ts all 1ills t6at 6a&e 1een 'reated ande&en t6ose already *nder+oin+ readin+s.

. 6en t6e la is 7enal in '6ara'ter and is a&ora1le to t6ea''*sed.

Art. 5: Acts committed againstmandatory and prohiitorylaws shall e void.

MA#DA!OR PROVISIO#S OF LAS$ I one ails to 'ommit 'ertaina'ts t6at are mandatory in t6e la- it renders t6e 7ro'eedin+ or a'ts to6i'6 it relates as ille+al or &oid.?. !6e la 7ro&ides < !6e a'tion to re&oe t6e donation *nder t6isarti'le m*st 1e 1ro*+6t it6in / years rom t6e time t6e de'ree o le+alse7aration 6as 1e'ome inal.= (Arti'le E- Family Code)

PRO"II!OR LAS$ !6ose t6at one is not s*77osed to do. Co*'6edin ne+ati&e terms.?. !6e la 7ro&ides t6at < #o le+al se7aration may 1e de'reed *nlesst6e 'o*rt 6as taen ste7s toards re'on'iliation.= (Arti'le /9- FamilyCode)

Art. %: &aiver of 'ights % Ri+6ts may 1e ai&ed *nless it is 'ontrary to la- 7*1li' 7oli'y-morals or +ood '*stoms- or 7reG*di'ial to a t6ird 7erson it6 ari+6t re'o+ni:ed 1y la.

% !6e ri+6t m*st e?ist at t6e time o t6e ai&er.Re*isites$

. !6e 7erson nos t6at a ri+6t e?ists

2. "as ade*ate noled+e *7on 6i'6 to mae an intelli+entde'ision

,. Hnoled+e o t6e a'ts related to t6e ri+6t to 1e ai&ed. M*st 1e s6on t6at t6e ai&er is made noin+ly and

intelli+ently% Ri+6ts 7ro&ided or in stat*tes 'an +enerally 1e ai&ed *nless t6eo1Ge't o t6e stat*te is to 7rote't or 7romote 7*1li' interest

?am7les o 6at 'annot 1eai&ed$

. ai&er a+ainst t6e ri+6t to7*r'6ase land.

2. ai&e an a'tion a+ainst*t*re ra*d

,. ai&e ri+6t to re'ei&e lesst6an t6e 'om7ensation aorer is to re'ei&e *nder t6e la.

Art. (: 'epealed Laws % Las are re7ealed only 1y s*1se*ent ones% eteen a la and t6e Constit*tion- t6e latter 7re&ails

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% Administrati&e or e?e'*ti&e a'ts are &alid only 6en t6ey are not'ontrary to las or t6e Constit*tion

RPAL$ le+islati&e a't o a1olis6in+ a 7re&io*s stat*te t6ro*+6 a nela

% 6ere a 7ortion o a stat*te is rendered *n'onstit*tional and7art is &alid t6e arts may 1e se7arated i t6ey 'an standinde7endently o one anot6er.

Art. ): *udicial decisions formcase laws

% 3*di'ial de'isions- a77lyin+ and inter7retin+ las and t6e Constit*tion-ass*me t6e same a*t6ority as las.

Art. +: 'esponsiility of thecourts

% 3*d+es m*st not e&ade 7erorman'e o t6eir res7onsi1ility 1e'a*se oan a77arent non%e?isten'e or &a+*eness o a la +o&ernin+ a 7arti'*larle+al dis7*te.

Art. 1,: "t is presumed that thelawmaking ody intended rightand -ustice to prevail

% !6e 'o*rt m*st irst a77ly t6e la- only 6en t6ere is am1i+*ityin its a77li'ation s6o*ld t6ere 1e any ind o inter7retation.

% !6e inter7retation s6o*ld 1e in line it6 t6e intent o t6ele+islat*re or t6e end so*+6t to 1e attained.

Art. 11: Customs Art. 12: Customs must e proved accdg. to the rules ofevidence.

C>S!OM$ a r*le o 'ond*'t ormed 1y re7etition o a'ts- *niormlyo1ser&ed as a so'ial r*le- 6i'6 is le+ally 1indin+ and 6as o1li+atoryor'e.3>RIDICAL C>S!OM$ Can 1e a s*77lementaddition to a stat*tory la*nlie a so'ial '*stom- 6i'6 'annot do so.

Art. 1!: ears/ days/ months ears$ ,E/ days ea'6Mont6s$ ,0 days B i desi+nated 1y t6eir name- t6ey s6all 1e 'om7*ted1y t6e n*m1er o days t6at t6ey res7e'ti&ely 6a&e"o*r$ 2 6o*rs#i+6ts$ S*nset to s*nrise% In 'om7*tin+ a 7eriod irst day e?'l*de last day in'l*ded

Art. 1$: Penal laws % All 'iti:ens or orei+ners 6o soGo*rner are s*1Ge't to all 7enallas and las meant or 7*1li' se'*rity and saety.

%

?'e7tion$Forei+ners 6o are imm*ne roms*it and t6*s 'annot 1e '6ar+ed(di7lomati' a+ents)

Art. 15: 0ationality rule % Re+ardless o 6ere a 'iti:en o t6e P6ili77ines mi+6t 1e 6e ors6e ill still 1e +o&erned 1y P6ili77ine las 6en it 'omes toamily ri+6ts- d*ties- or to 6is or 6er le+al stat*s and le+al'a7a'ity-

!6*s a Fili7ino 'annot +et adi&or'e e&en i 6e or s6e +oesa1road- sin'e di&or'e is notre'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77ines

Art. 1%: 'eal Personal % Real and Personal Pro7erty are s*1Ge't to t6e la o t6e 'o*ntry

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Property 6ere it is o*nd. "oe&er- 6en it 'omes to t6e order- amo*nt-and intrinsi' &alidity o t6e s*''ession it s6all 1e re+*lated 1y t6ela o t6e 7erson 6ose s*''ession is 1ein+ 'onsideredre+ardless o 6ere t6e 7ro7erty is to 1e o*nd.

Art. 1(: orms and 3olemnitiesof contracts4will/ acts doneefore consular officials/

prohiitive laws

Extrinsic validity$ t6e las s6all +o&ern t6e orms o 'ontra'ts and ills6ere t6ey are made. !6*s a ill made in t6e >.S. m*st ollo t6e lasre+ardin+ t6e orms o ills in t6e >.S.Acts before Diplomatic and Consular Officials: Any a't or 'ontra'tmade in a orei+n 'o*ntry made 1eore t6e di7lomati' and 'ons*laroi'ials m*st also 'onorm to P6ili77ine las. !6is is 1e'a*se in t6e7remises o a di7lomati' oi'e t6e orei+n 'o*ntry ai&es its G*risdi'tionso t6e P6ili77ine las +o&ern in t6e 7remises o t6e P6ili77ineDi7lomati' Oi'e in orei+n 'o*ntries.Prohibitive a!s: Pro6i1iti&e las 'on'ernin+ 7ro7erty- 7ersons- t6eira'ts and t6ose meant or 7*1li' order- 7*1li' 7oli'y- or +ood '*stoms ill'ontin*e to 1e in ee't e&en i t6e 7erson is in a dierent 'o*ntry it6

dierent las.?. A Fili7ino +ets married to 2 omen in anot6er 'o*ntry 6ere 1i+amyis le+al- t6e se'ond marria+e is &oid sin'e 1i+amy is not 7ermitted in t6eP6ili77ines.

Art. 1): eficiency in the Codeof Commerce and special laws

% 6en t6ere are dei'ien'ies in t6e Code o Commer'e andS7e'ial Las t6e 'i&il 'ode ill +o&ern s*'6 dei'ien'y.

?. In t6e Code o Commer'e t6ere is no stated 7res'ri7tion date or a'ertain a't- t6*s t6e 7ro&isions on 7res'ri7tion in t6e 'i&il 'ode ill+o&ern.

% "oe&er one m*st '6e' t6e ind o transa'tion at 6and and6et6er t6e 'i&il 'ode 7ro&ision is a77li'a1le

?. In a 7re&io*s 'ase- t6e Carria+e o oods 1y Sea A't t6ere is a oneyear 7res'ri7tion or main+ a 'laim or loss or dama+e and t6e 7lainti1elie&ed t6at 6e 'o*ld e?tend t6e 7res'ri7ti&e 7eriod 1y +i&in+ a rittendemand 7*rs*ant to Art. // o t6e 'i&il 'ode- es7e'ially sin'e t6e 'i&il'ode is meant to 1e s*77lementary a''ordin+ to Art. 4. "oe&er t6eS*7reme Co*rt r*led t6at it as not a77li'a1le 1e'a*se 6en it 'omesto matters o +oods in trans7ort it is desira1le t6at it 1e resol&ed at on'etain+ into 'onsideration t6e nat*re o t6e +oods.

">MA# RLA!IO#S

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Art. 1+: Ause of rightdoctrine

% Meant to 1e a la o G*sti'e and airness es7e'ially in instan'es6erein t6ere is no s7e'ii' la to 7re&ent a'ts o a1*se to anot6er.

% It is a r*le o 'ond*'t t6at is meant to 'reate a 6armonio*s and orderlyrelation s6i7 1eteen 7eo7le

@!6e t6ree arti'les arerelated to ea'6 ot6er and*nder t6ese arti'les an a't-6i'6 'a*ses inG*ry to

anot6er- may 1e made t6e1asis or an aard ordama+es.

Art. 2,: willfully or negligentlycauses damage to another

% S7eas o t6e +eneral san'tion or all ot6er 7ro&isions o la- 6i'6 donot es7e'ially 7ro&ide t6eir on san'tion.

% Desi+ned to ill in t6e 'o*ntless +a7s in t6e stat*es- 6i'6 lea&e many&i'tims it6o*t re'o*rse.

Art. 21: Contrary to goodcustoms/ morals/ or pulic

policy

lements$. !6ere is an a't 6i'6 is le+al2. *t 6i'6 is 'ontrary to morals- +ood '*stoms- 7*1li' order- 7*1li'

7oli'y,. And it is done it6 intent to inG*re

% Pres*77oses material or ot6er loss 6i'6 one may s*er as a res*lt oanot6er 7ersonJs a't

Art. 22: 6ne who comes into

the possession of another isoliged to make restitution

Art. 2!: 7ven if the act was not due to ones fault or negligenthe is still liale for indemnity if he was enefited.

>#3>S! #RIC"M#!$ one s6o*ld not *nd*ly 7roit on somet6in+ 6i'6 6e

does not on% !6*s i one is 1eneited at t6e e?7ense o anot6er- 6e m*st 7ay or indemniyt6e ot6er or 6at 6e 6as +ained.

Art. 2$: Protecting the rightsof the disadvantage

It is t6e 'o*rts d*ty to render G*sti'e and +i&e 7rote'tion on a''o*nt o t6ose6o are disad&anta+e d*e to moral de7enden'e- i+noran'e- indi+en'e(7o&erty)- mental eaness- tender a+e or ot6er 6andi'a7.

Art. 25: 7#travagance duringacute pulic want or

emergency

!6e 'o*rts at t6e instan'e o t6e +o&ernment or any 7ri&ate '6arita1le instit*tion'an order one to sto7 e?treme s7endin+ d*rin+ times o emer+en'y.

?. !6ere is a +asoline s'ar'ity and a ri'6 man 1*ys tons and tons o +asolineto 7oer 6is 7ri&ate am*sement 7ar. Bt6e 'o*rt may order 6im to sei:e s*'6 att6e instan'e o t6e +o&ernment or '6arita1le instit*tion to 7re&ent s*'6 in timeso emer+en'y.

Art. 2%: 'espect privacy ofothers. 'espect for humandignity

% Meant to enor'e t6e ri+6t o one to 6is 7ri&a'y in oneJs on 6ome- reli+io*sreedom- 7re&ent moral s*erin+- &e?ation- 6*miliation-

Art. 2(: Pulic servant refusesor neglects to do his duty

% One may ile an a'tion or dama+es a+ainst t6e oi'er 6o does not 7erorm6is oi'ial d*ty it6o*t G*st 'a*se.

@I t6e oi'er is no day o-t6en one 'annot ile an

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without -ust cause % A 7*1li' oi'er 6o 'ommits a tort or ot6er ron+*l a't is still lia1le to t6e&i'tim.

a'tion a+ainst 6im.

Art. 2): 8nfair competition % #e'essary to 7romote a system o ree enter7rise and a air '6an'e or ot6ersto en+a+e in 1*siness and earn a li&in+.

Art. 2+: Civil action when guiltis not proved eyondreasonale dout

% I in a 'riminal 'ase- t6e a''*sed is not 7ro&en +*ilty 1eyond reasona1le do*1ta 'i&il a'tion may 1e made and t6e de+ree o 7roo ne'essary is only a7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e 6i'6 means t6at more e&iden'e is add*'ed to7ro&e t6e +*ilt o t6e a''*sed 'om7ared to t6at to deend 6im.

Art. !,: Civil oligation arising from a criminal offense

% A 'i&il o1li+ation arisin+ rom a 'riminal oense only needs a 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e as t6e *ant*m o 7roo-

Art. !1: Civil oligation notarising from the felony

% >s*ally a 'riminal 7ro'eedin+- i 'ommen'ed- m*st 1e terminated1eore a 'i&il 7ro'eedin+ 'an 1e+in. I a 'i&il 7ro'eedin+ 6as 1e+*n andlater on a 'riminal 7ro'eedin+ is iled- t6e 'i&il 7ro'eedin+ is 7*t on 6old*ntil t6e 'riminal 7ro'eedin+ 6as inis6ed.

% "oe&er 6en t6e 'i&il o1li+ation is se7arate rom t6e 'rime'ommitted it may 7ro'eed inde7endently o t6e 'riminal 7ro'eedin+.

% Certain inG*ries do not arise rom t6e 'ommission o a 'rime.?. A 1*s dri&er 'ras6es t6e 1*s 1e'a*se 6e is dr*n. !6e 'i&il a'tion 6ere is1ased rom t6e 1rea'6 o t6e 'ontra't*al o1li+ation o all 'ommon 'arriers totae e?tra dili+en'e in dri&in+ 6is 7assen+ers. !6e 'riminal a'tion 6ere is 1asedon t6e dri&erJs 'riminal ne+li+en'e. !6e irst is +o&erned 1y t6e 'i&il 'ode andt6e se'ond is rom t6e Re&ised Penal Code.

Art. !2: Civil action forviolation of constitutionalrights

% #e'essary to 6a&e an a1sol*te se7arate and inde7endent 'i&il a'tion or t6e&iolation o 'i&il li1erties or t6e ee'ti&e maintenan'e o demo'ra'y.

Art. !!: Civil action forviolation of private rights

% Prin'i7le is to allo t6e 'iti:en to enor'e 6is ri+6ts re+ardless o State a'tionso t6at 'iti:ens ill not de7end *7on t6e +o&ernment or t6e &indi'ation o t6eiron 7ri&ate ri+6ts.% In'l*des ra*d- deamation- 76ysi'al inG*ries and are *nderstood in t6eirordinary sense.

@Criminal ne+li+en'e(re'less im7r*den'e) is notin'l*ded in t6is arti'le- t6*san inde7endent a'tion ors*'6 'annot 1e madeinde7endently rom t6e'riminal 7rose'*tion.

Art. !$: 9emers of the Policeorce

% 6en t6ere is dan+er to lie or 7ro7erty- s*'6 7ea'e oi'er s6all 1e7rimarily lia1le or dama+es- and t6e 'ity or m*ni'i7ality s6all 1es*1sidiarily res7onsi1le.

% An inde7endent 'i&il a'tion 'an 1e instit*ted 6erein a 7re7onderan'eo e&iden'e is all t6at is re*ired.

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Art !5: 'eservation of civilaction

% 6en a 7erson 'laimin+ to 1e inG*red 1y a 'riminal oense- '6ar+es anot6er1*t t6e G*d+es ails to ind any 'rime to 6a&e 1een 'ommitted or i t6e7rose'*tin+ attorney re*sesails to instit*te 'riminal 7ro'eedin+s

Art. !%: Pre-udicial uestions % !6e +eneral r*le is t6at t6e 'riminal 'ase taes 7re'eden'eK an

e?'e7tion o*ld 1e i t6ere e?ist 7reG*di'ial *estions- 6i'6 s6o*ld 1eresol&ed 1eore t6e 'riminal 'ase.

PR3>DICIAL >S!IO#$ !6at 6i'6 m*st 7re'ede t6e 'riminal a'tion t6at6i'6 re*ires a de'ision 1eore a inal G*d+ment is rendered in t6e 7rin'i7ala'tion 6ere t6e said *estion is 'losely 'onne'ted. !6e resol*tion o t6ePreG*di'ial *estion ill determine i t6e 'riminal a'tion may 7ro'eed.?. A and +ot married. t6en married C. A iled a 'ase or 1i+amy a+ainst . also iled a 'i&il 'ase a+ainst C (t6e se'ond s7o*se) 'ontendin+ t6at s6e asintimidated into marryin+ C. !6e 'i&il 'ase to determine 6et6er t6ere asintimidation or not m*st ne'essary 1e resol&ed 1eore t6e 1i+amy 'ase. I as indeed intimidated in marryin+ C- t6ere is no 1i+amy.

CIVIL PRSO#ALI!$ #RAL PROVISIO#S

Art. !(: *uridical Capacity andCapacity to Act.

3>RIDICAL CAPACI!$ itness to 1e t6e s*1Ge't o le+al relations- in6erent ine&ery 7erson and is lost only t6ro*+6 deat6.% A'*ired 6en one is 'on'ei&ed (ri+6ts o t6e *n1orn '6ild)CAPACI! !O AC!$ 7oer to do a'ts it6 le+al ee't- may 1e a'*ired o lost% A'*ired 6en one rea'6es t6e a+e o maGority- lost in 'ases lie 'i&ilinterdi'tion.

Art. !): 'estrictions on thecapacity to act

Art. !+: 9odification or limitcapacity to act

Restri'tions on t6e 'a7a'ity to a't$ Minority- insanity or im1e'ility- state o 1ein+a dea%m*te- 7rodi+ality- and 'i&il interdi'tion are mere restri'tions on t6e'a7a'ity to a't. B Do not e?em7t t6e 7erson rom 'ertain o1li+ations.Modiylimit 'a7a'ity to a't$ a+e- insanity- im1e'ility- t6e state o 1ein+ a dea%m*te- 7enalty- 7rodi+ality- amily relations- aliena+e- a1sen'e- insol&en'y- andtr*stees6i7.

@ ot6 men and omen are*aliied rom all a'ts o 'i&illie 6en t6ey rea'6 t6e a+eo maGority (4 years old)

#A!>RAL PRSO#S Art. $,: Commencement ofCivil personality

Art. $1: conditions todetermine when the child is

% irt6 determines 7ersonality 1*t t6e 'on'ei&ed '6ild s6all 1e 'onsidered1orn or all 7*r7oses t6at are a&ora1le to it. Pro&ided t6at t6e'on'ei&ed '6ild is later 1orn it6 t6e 'onditions in Art. .

% !6e et*s is 'onsidered 1orn i it is ali&e rom t6e time it as 'om7letelydeli&ered rom t6e mot6erJs om1. >! i t6e et*s as ali&e in t6e

%For 7*r7oses o in6eritan'eand s*''ession- a '6ild'on'ei&ed at t6e time odeat6 o t6e de'edent 'an s

1 An a''essory 7enalty or t6e 'ommission o an oense- 6i'6 de7ri&es t6e oender d*rin+ t6e time o 6is senten'e t6e ri+6ts o 7arental a*t6ority- or

+*ardians6i7- ri+6t to mana+e 6is 7ro7erty and t6e ri+6t to dis7ose o s*'6 7ro7erty 1y any a't.

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considered conceived. om1 or less t6an 5 mont6s it is not deemed 1orn i it dies it6in 26o*rs it is deli&ered orm t6e om1.

Art. $2: Civil personalitye#tinguished at death

% Deat6 7*ts an end to 'i&il 7ersonality% Dead 7erson 'ontin*es to 6a&e 7ersonality only t6ro*+6 'ontra't- ill-

or as determined 1y la. B Creditors 'an still 'laim rom t6e estate ot6e de'eased any o1li+ation d*e to t6em.

% #o 6*man 1ody s6all 1e 1*ried *nless t6e 7ro7er deat6 'ertii'ate 6as1een 7resented and re'orded 6oe&er d*rin+ an e7idemi' 1odies may1e 1*ried 7ro&ided t6at t6e deat6 'ertii'ate 1e se'*red it6in / daysater t6e 1*rial.

Art. $!: out etween thedeath of two or more persons

% A77lies to 7ersons 6o are 'alled to s*''eed ea'6 ot6er lie mot6erand '6ild. (#e'essary to determine t6e amo*nt o in6eritan'e one is tore'ei&e- transmission o ri+6ts- et'.)

% I t6ere is no 7roo as to 6o died irst- t6ey are 7res*med to 6a&e diedat t6e same time and t6*s no transmission o ri+6ts rom one to t6eot6er.

% Proo o deat6 'annot 1e esta1lis6ed rom mere ineren'e or7res*m7tions. It m*st 1e esta1lis6ed 1y 'lear 7ositi&e e&iden'e.

3>RIDICAL PRSO#S

Art. $$: &ho are -uridical persons

Art. $5: &hat governs -uridical persons

Art. $%: 'ights and oligationsof -uridical persons

3>RIDICAL PRSO#$ ein+ o le+al e?isten'e s*s'e7ti1le o ri+6ts ando1li+ations.

. State$ or+ani:ed 'or7orate so'iety *nder a +o&ernment it6 t6e le+al'om7eten'e to e?a't o1edien'e o its 'ommands. It 'an enter intotreaties and 'ontra'ts.

% !6e state 'annot 1e s*ed it6o*t its 'onsent (im7lied or e?7ressed)2. Political subdivisions$ m*ni'i7al 'or7orations t6at 'onsist o

7ro&in'es- 'ities and m*ni'i7alities. !6ey 'an 1e s*ed 1e'a*se it is+ranted 1y t6eir '6arters 1*t t6ey are +enerally not lia1le or torts

'ommitted in t6e dis'6ar+e o t6eir +o&ernmental *n'tions.,. Corporation: An artii'ial 1ein+ 'reated 1y o7eration o la and 6as t6e

7oers and attri1*tes +ranted to it 1y t6e la- 6i'6 'reated it.. Partnership: 2 or more 7ersons 1ind t6emsel&es to mae 'ontri1*tions

to a 'ommon *nd it6 t6e intention o di&idin+ t6e 7roits amon+t6emsel&es.

@Cor7orations- 7artners6i7s- and asso'iations or 7ri&ate interest and 7*r7osemay 1e +ranted a se7arate and distin't 7ersonality rom t6e s6are6olders ormem1ers (t6is is non as t6e &eil o 'or7orate i'tion). "oe&er- t6is &eil may

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1e 7ier'ed- t6*s main+ t6e s6are6olders and mem1ers lia1le- 6en t6e i'tionis *sed to deeat 7*1li' 'on&enien'e- G*stiy ron+- 7rote't ra*d- deend 'rime-7er7etrate de'e7tion- et'.@State and 7oliti'al s*1di&isions- ot6er 'or7orations- instit*tions- and entities or

7*1li' interest or 7*r7ose are +o&erned 1y t6e las 'reatin+ t6em.@Pri&ate 'or7orations are re+*lated 1y las o +eneral a77li'ation on t6e s*1Ge't@Partners6i7s are +o&erned 1y t6e 7ro&isions o t6is Code 'on'ernin+7artners6i7s@3*ridi'al 7ersons may a'*ire and 7ossess 7ro7erty o all inds and in'*ro1li+ations in 'onormity it6 t6e las and re+*lations o t6eir or+ani:ation.

Art. $(: issolution ofcorporations

% >7on t6e dissol*tion o s*'6 entities mentioned a1o&e- t6eir 7ro7ertiesand ot6er assets s6o*ld 1e dis7osed o in 7*rs*an'e o la or t6e'6arter 'reatin+ it.

% I t6ere is not6in+ in t6e la- it s6all 1e a77lied or a similar 7*r7ose ort6e 1eneit o t6e re+ion7ro&in'e'ity it is in.

CI!I#S"IP A#D DOMICIL

Art. $): &ho areciti;ens of thePhilippines

Art. $+: 0aturali;ationand reac


10/97


ne'essarily t6e domi'ile. !6ere may 1e more t6an one residen'e. ater t6e termination o 6ermarital stat*s),.y dire't a't o 'on+ress

Art. 51: omicile of -uridical person

% 6en t6e la 'reates or re'o+ni:es a G*ridi'al 7erson 1*t doesnJt i? t6e domi'ile its6all 1e *nderstood to 1e t6e 7la'e 6ere it 6as le+al re7resentation

D. So1re7e8a 10


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'(E )A*I+ CODE O) '(E P(IIPPI,ES: !oo ee't on A*+*st ,- 944 si+ned 1y President Cora:on A*ino (?e'*ti&e Order 209)

REQUISITES OF MARRIAGE:

Arti'le S*mmary o Annotation Additional

Ino?'e7tionsConne'tedit6$

Art. 1: Marriage is a se!ial !on"ra!" of er#anen"union be"$een a #an and a $o#an en"ered in"o ina!!ordan!e $i"% "%e la$ for "%e es"ablis%#en" of!on&ugal and fa#il' life.I" is "%e founda"ion of "%e fa#il' and an in(iolableso!ial ins"i"u"ion $%ose na"ure) !onse*uen!es) andin!iden"s are go(erned b' la$ and no" sub&e!" "os"iula"ion) e+!e" "%a" #arriage se""le#en"s #a' fi+"%e roer"' rela"ions during "%e #arriage $i"%in "%eli#i"s ro(ided b' "%e !ode.

#at*re o Marria+e$%Marria+e is one o t6e ni&ersal De'laration o "*man Ri+6ts2. International Co&enant on 'onomi'- So'ial andC*lt*ral Ri+6ts,. International Co&enant on Ci&il and Politi'al Ri+6ts.

@Marria+e as a s7e'ial'ontra't 'annot 1e restri'ted1y dis'riminatory 7oli'ies o7ri&ate indi&id*als or'or7orations.

*AI-O&DE& .&IDE$'onsidered as a 'riminaloense 1e'a*se marria+e is&ested it6 7*1li' interest.

(Conne'ted it6 t6e Anti%!rai'in+ A't)

A'ts 7*nis6ed$. Carry on s*'6 a 1*siness2. !o ad&ertise t6e 7romotiono s*'6 a'ts.,. Soli'it or attra't or anyFili7ino oman to 1e'ome amem1er in a 'l*1 t6atmat'6es omen or marria+eto orei+n nationals or a ee.. >se t6e 7ostal ser&i'e to

7romote t6e 7ro6i1ited a'ts.

VALIDI! OF MARRIA$+o&erned 1y t6e la ee'ti&eat t6e time o t6e 'ele1rationo t6e marria+e.

2 Marital ra7e is no 'onsidered a 'rime 6erein t6e le+al 6*s1and is t6e oender and t6e ie is t6e &i'tim. Prior to t6is marital ra7e as not 'onsidered a 'rime

1e'a*se it as 'onsidered t6e ri+6t o t6e 6*s1and to 6a&e se?*al inter'o*rse it6 6is ie 6ene&er 6e 7leased.

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Constit*tional Prote'tion$ !6e State re'o+ni:es t6esan'tity o amily lie and s6all 7rote't and stren+t6en it.!6e state also re'o+ni:es marria+e as an in&iola1leso'ial instit*tion and t6e o*ndation o t6e amily and

s6all 1e 7rote'ted 1y t6e state.@ !6e 'onstit*tional 7ro&isions on marria+e 6oe&er do#O! mean t6at le+islat*re 'annot ena't a la alloin+a1sol*te di&or'e. Marria+e is s*1Ge't to t6e 'ontrol ot6e le+islat*re 1*t it m*st not 'ontra&ene mandates oConstit*tion.

Pro7erty Relations$ Only 7ro7erty relations may 1e i?edand arran+ed in a marria+e settlement 7rior to t6emarria+e 'eremony. "oe&er it m*st still ollo t6emandatory 7ro&isions o t6e Family Code.

Art 2: ,o #arriage s%all be (alid unless "%ese

essen"ial re*uisi"es are resen":1. -egal !aa!i"' of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies $%o

#us" be a #ale and fe#ale.2. onsen" freel' gi(en in "%e resen!e of "%e

sole#ni/ing offi!er

E%A CAPACI'+$ Marryin+ a+e is 4 years old and

a1o&e- t6*s i one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties is 1elo 4years o a+e- t6e marria+e is &oid.

% !6ey 'annot 1e related to ea'6 ot6er as7ro&ided 1y Art. ,5 and Art. ,4 (in'est*o*smarria+es and t6ose a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y).

% !6ere s6o*ld 1e no 7re&io*s &alid s*1sistin+marria+eK ot6erise t6e s*1se*ent marria+eill 1e 1i+amo*s.

DI))E&E,' SE/$ !6ere s6o*ld 1e a male and aemale. Marria+e is desira1le d*e to t6e im7ortan'e o7ro'reation 6i'6 is one o t6e reasons 6y same se?marria+es are 7ro6i1ited (d*e to t6e im7ossi1ility o

re7rod*'tion)

CO,SE,':. M*st 1e reely +i&en2. Made in t6e 7resen'e o t6e solemni:in+ oi'er % A1sen'e o 'onsent maes t6e marria+e &oid.

"oe&er i t6ere is 'onsent 1*t s*'6 aso1tained t6ro*+6 or'e- ra*d- *nd*e inl*en'e-et' t6en it is only &oida1le.

Se? '6an+e$ 6as not 1een

s6on t6at se? reassi+nments*r+ery o*ld allo one to7rod*'e 6*man 1ein+s.

!6o*+6ts to 7onder$ Marria+es6o*ld no to 1e enGoyed only1y 6eterose?*al 'o*7les. !6eri+6t to marry- o*nd a amily-identity- 7ersonality are allri+6ts o 6*man 1ein+s.

@Parties m*st 1e 7ersonally

7resent- 7ro?y marria+es is7ro6i1ited in t6e P6ili77ines.

D. So1re7e8a 12


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Art. !: T%e for#al re*uisi"es of #arriage are:1. Au"%ori"' of "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er 2. A (alid #arriage li!ense e+!e" in "%e !ases

ro(ided for in %a"er 2 of "%is "i"le

3. A #arriage !ere#on' $%i!% "a0es la!e $i"%"%e aearan!e of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"iesbefore "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er and "%eir

ersonal de!lara"ion "%a" "%e' "a0e ea!% o"%er as %usband and $ife in "%e resen!e of no"less "%an 2 $i"nesses of legal age.

Art. $: T%e absen!e of an' of "%e essen"ial or for#alre*uisi"es s%all render "%e #arriage (oid ab ini"io)e+!e" as s"a"ed in Ar"i!le 3 2 6en one o t6e'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elie&ed in +ood ait6 t6at t6esolemni:in+ oi'er 6ad a*t6ority t6en t6e marria+e is

&alid)

A defe!" in an' of "%e essen"ial re*uisi"es s%all render"%e #arriage (oidable as ro(ided in Ar"i!le 4.

An irregulari"' in "%e for#al re*uisi"es s%all no" affe!""%e (alidi"' of "%e #arriage bu" "%e ar"' or ar"iesresonsible for "%e irregulari"' s%all be !i(ill')!ri#inall' and ad#inis"ra"i(el' liable.

Art. 5: An' #ale or fe#ale of "%e age of eig%"een'ears or u$ards no" under an' of "%e i#edi#en"s

#en"ioned in Ar"i!les 35 and 36 in'est*o*s marria+esand t6ose a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y. #a' !on"ra!"#arriage.

Art. %: ,o res!ribed for# or religious ri"e for "%esole#ni/a"ion of "%e #arriage is re*uired. I" s%all bene!essar') %o$e(er) for "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies "oaear ersonall' before "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er andde!lare in "%e resen!e of no" less "%an "$o $i"nesses

A0'(O&I'+ O) '(E SOE*I1I,% O))ICE&:% !6ose en*merated in Arti'le 5- 6e m*st 6a&e

t6e a*t6ority. !6*s a 7riest 6o 6as notreneed 6is li'ense to marry does not 6a&e t6e

a*t6ority and 'annot 1e 'onsidered ormarria+e.

% !6e Lo'al o&ernment Code (3an. - 992)7ro&ides t6at a mayor o a 'ity or m*ni'i7alitymay no solemni:e marria+es.

Chapter 2 'itle 3 of )amily Code: exempt fromlicense

. Ar"i!le 25 $ ot6 7arties are in arti'*lo mortismarria+e ill 1e &alid e&en i t6e ailin+ 7artys*r&i&es.

2. Ar"i!le 26 $ Residen'e is in a remote 7la'e• In 1ot6 'ases t6e solemni:in+ oi'er m*st state

in an aida&it t6at t6e marria+e as 7erormedas s*'6 and t6at 6e too ne'essary ste7s toas'ertain t6e a+es and t6at t6ere ere no le+alim7ediments to t6e marria+e.

,. Ar"i!le 33$ Marria+es amon+ M*slims or et6ni''*lt*ral 'omm*nities- as lon+ as 7erormed ina''ordan'e it6 t6eir '*stoms- rites- 7ra'ti'es.

. Ar" i'le ,$ Co6a1itation 1y t6e 'o*7le or /years

@ M*slims are +o&erned 1y Code o M*slim 7ersonal

las o t6e P6ili77ines and not t6e Family 'ode 1*t t6eot6er et6ni' +ro*7s m*st 'om7ly it6 t6e ot6erre*isites as t6ey are +o&erned 1y t6e Family 'ode.

/. Arti'le ,$ Co6a1itation 1eteen man andoman or at least / years it6 no le+alim7ediment at time o marria+e.

4AID *A&&IA%E ICE,SE:% Lasts or 20 days rom t6e date o iss*e and ee'ti&e

@Pres*m7tion leans toardst6e le+ality o t6e marria+et6*s t6e a*t6ority o t6e oi'er is 7res*med a1sen'e t6e

s6oin+ any 7roo to t6e'ontrary.

Merely Irre+*larities inmarria+e li'ense$

. Marria+e li'ense asmade in a dierent7la'e ot6er t6an t6eirresiden'e.

2. #ame stated t6ereinis dierent ormiss7elled

,. Misre7resentation oa+e (1*t 6as to 1eeman'i7ated;4years and a1o&e)

. #on%dis'los*re o7rior marria+e anddi&or'e

/. Falsely stated t6at 6eor s6e 6ad not 1een7re&io*sly married.

E. Falsely sore t6at 6eor s6e is not *nder

+*ardians6i7.

@ I t6e 'o*7le 6a&e a &alidmarria+e li'ense 1*t or+ot to1rin+ it t6en marria+e ill 1e&alid (1*t i t6ey donJt 6a&eone and 7ro'*red one atert6e marria+e 'eremony t6emarria+e ill 1e &oid)

D. So1re7e8a 13


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of legal age "%a" "%e' "a0e ea!% o"%er as %usband and$ife. T%is de!lara"ion s%all be !on"ained in "%e#arriage !er"ifi!a"e $%i!% %all be signed b' "%e!on"ra!"ing ar"ies and "%eir $i"nesses and a""es"ed

b' "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er.

In !ase of #arriage in ar"i!ulo #or"is) $%en "%e ar"'is a" "%e oin" of dea"% is unable "o sign "%e #arriage!er"ifi!a"e) i" s%all be suffi!ien" for one of "%e $i"nesses"o "%e #arriage "o $ri"e "%e na#e of said ar"') $%i!%fa!" s%all be a""es"ed b' "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er.

it6in any 7art o t6e P6ili77ines only.

*A&&IA%E CE&E*O,+:% Family 'ode only re'o+ni:es 'eremonial marria+es 1*t

t6ere is no 7res'ri1ed orm o marria+e 'eremony.% !6e minim*m re*irement is t6at t6e 7arties 7ersonallya77ear 1eore t6e solemni:in+ oi'er and de'lare t6att6ey tae ea'6 ot6er in t6e 7resen'e o at least 2itness o le+al a+e. @ De'laration does not 6a&e to 1e &o'ally e?7ressedmay 1e inerred 1y t6e ords *sed- t6e manner t6e'eremony as made- et'. I a eddin+ too 7la'e t6ereis a 7res*m7tion t6at t6ere as an e?'6an+e o &os. @ !6e a1sen'e o 2 itnesses o le+al a+e is merely anirre+*larity in t6e 'eremony and does not ae't t6e&alidity o t6e marria+e.

@ Common la marria+es-6i'6 are non%'eremonial- arenot re'o+ni:ed in t6e

P6ili77ines.

Art. (: Marriage #a' be sole#ni/ed b':1. An' in!u#ben" #e#ber of "%e &udi!iar' $i"%in

"%e !our"7s &urisdi!"ion2. An' ries") rabbi) i#a#) or #inis"er of an'

!%ur!% or religious se!" dul' au"%ori/ed b' %is!%ur!% or religious se!" and regis"ered $i"%in"%e !i(il regis"rar general) a!"ing $i"%in "%eli#i"s of "%e $ri""en au"%ori"' gran"ed %i# b'%is !%ur!% or religious se!" and ro(ided "%a"a" leas" one of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies belongs

"o "%e sole#ni/ing offi!ers !%ur!% or religiousse!"

3. An' s%i !a"ain or airlane !%ief in !ases#en"ioned in Ar"i!le 31

4. An' #ili"ar' !o##ander of a uni" "o $%i!% a

% !6ere is a need to limit t6e 7ersons 6o 'ansolemni:e marria+es sin'e marria+e is anim7ortant instit*tion t6e state ants tosae+*ard and 7rote't.

% e'a*se t6e state is interested in marria+e- it1e'omes a 7arty t6ereto 1y maniested in t6e'onsent re*ired and +ranted to limited n*m1ero oi'ers.

3>DS$ t6ey 'an only solemni:e marria+es it6int6eir G*risdi'tion and t6ey m*st 1e in'*m1ent.

Co*rt o !a? A77eals- Sandi+an1ayan- Co*rt o A77eals-S*7reme Co*rt$ #ational G*risdi'tion

• A1sen'e o G*risdi'tion o*ld mean t6e a1sen'e

o t6e a*t6ority o t6e solemni:in+ oi'er andt6*s t6e marria+e ill 1e n*ll and &oid.

@ Sto7o&ers d*rin+ a li+6t or&oya+e are still 'onsidered7art o t6e Go*rney. @I t6e 6ost 'o*ntry allosmarria+es to 1e solemni:ed1y 'ons*ls t6en e&en i1eteen a Fili7ino and non%Fili7ino- t6e marria+e ill still1e &alid in a''ordan'e it6

Art. 2E- 6i'6 re'o+ni:esinternational 'omity.

%OOD )AI'( O) PA&'IES:

D. So1re7e8a 14


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!%alain is assigned) in "%e absen!e of "%ela""er) during a #ili"ar' oera"ion) li0e$ise onl' in "%e !ases #en"ioned in Ar"i!le 32 or

. An' !onsul8general) !onsul or (i!e !onsul in

"%e !ase ro(ided in Ar"i!le 19.

PRIS!MI#IS!R OF A C">RC" OR RLIIO>SSC!$ 6e s6o*ld 1e a*t6ori:ed 1y t6e '6*r'6 to do so-6e m*st 1e re+istered it6 t6e 'i&il re+istry- and at leastone o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elon+s to 6is or 6er

'6*r'6.S"IP CAP!IA#PILO!$ one o t6e 7arties m*st 1e at t6e7oint o deat6- t6e marria+e m*st 1e 1eteen t6e7assen+ers or 'remem1ers- and t6e s6i7 or 7lanem*st 1e at sea or in li+6t.

• An assistant 7ilot 6as no a*t6ority to solemni:e

marria+es e&en i t6e main 7ilot dies.MILI!AR COMMA#DR$ "e or s6e s6o*ld 1e amilitary 'ommander o a *nit- 6e or s6e m*st 1e a'ommissioned oi'er (6is ran s6o*ld start rom se'ondlie*tenant)- a '6a7lain s6o*ld 6a&e 1een assi+ned to t6e*nit and s*'6 '6a7lain is a1sent- t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties

m*st also 1e in arti'*lo mortis eit6er mem1ers o t6emilitary o7eration or 'i&ilians- m*st 1e it6in military:one (t6ere s6o*ld 1e ides7read military a'ti&ity notmerely 7ra'ti'e).CO#S>L%#RAL- CO#S>L- OR VIC CO#S>L$t6ey 'an only solemni:e marria+es a1road 6en 1ot6t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties are Fili7ino.@ !6ey also 7erorm t6e d*ties o a lo'al 'i&il re+istrar(lie iss*in+ t6e li'ense et'.)@ #o matter 6ere t6ey are t6e solemnities andre*irements mandated 1y P6ili77ine La s6all 1eo1ser&ed.

MAOR$ P*rs*ant to t6e Lo'al o&ernment Code- t6emayor o a 'ity or m*ni'i7ality 'an no solemni:emarria+es.@ 6en t6e mayor 'annot 7erorm 6is d*ties- t6e a'tin+mayor 6as t6e a*t6ority to solemni:e marria+es.

i t6e 7erson 6o solemni:edt6e marria+e did not le+ally6a&e t6e a*t6ority tosolemni:e a marria+e- i 1ot6

or one o t6e 'ontra'tin+7arties 1elie&ed t6at s*'6 a7erson did 6a&e t6e a*t6orityt6e marria+e ill 1e &alid.?. A 7riest did not rene 6isli'ense to marry t6ereoredoes not 6a&e t6e a*t6ority tomarry. I one o t6e'ontra'tin+ 7arties ne ot6is 1*t t6e ot6er did not t6emarria+e is still &alid.

"OVR- t6ey m*st 1e oneo t6e 7eo7le 6o 'an 1ea*t6ori:ed i t6ey are not t6emarria+e ill 1e &oid(i+noran'e o t6e la e?'*sesno one)?. A 'o*7le +oes to a Ganitorto +et married. &en i 1ot67arties are in +ood ait6 int6inin+ t6at a Ganitor 'ansolemni:e a marria+e t6eys6o*ld no 6o 1y la are

a*t6ori:ed to.

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Art. ): T%e #arriage s%all be sole#ni/ed ubli!l' in"%e !%a#bers of "%e &udge or in oen !our" in "%e!%ur!%) !%ael or "e#le) or in "%e offi!e of "%e !onsul8general) !onsul or (i!e8!onsul) as "%e !ase #a' be)

and no" else$%ere) e+!e" in "%e !ases of #arriages!on"ra!"ed a" "%e oin" of dea"% or in re#o"e la!es ina!!ordan!e $i"% Ar"i!le 2 of "%is ode) or $%ere bo"%of "%e ar"ies re*ues" "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er in $ri"ing in $%i!% !ase "%e #arriage #a' be sole#ni/ed a" a%ouse or la!e designa"ed b' "%e# in a s$orns"a"e#en" "o "%a" effe!".

% #ot mandatory 1*t dire'tory in nat*re.% Its non%'om7lian'e ill not mae t6e marria+e

&oid 1*t ill only 'a*se 'i&il- 'riminal- oradministrati&e lia1ility.

?'e7tions to &en*e stated$. 6en t6e marria+e is in arti'*lo mortis2. 6en t6e marria+e is in a remote 7la'e

(trans7ortation et'. is dii'*lt to 'ome 1y),. 6en re*ested 1y 1ot6 7arties in ritin+.

Art. +: A #arriage li!ense s%all be issued b' "%e lo!al!i(il regis"rar of "%e !i"' or #uni!iali"' $%ere ei"%er!on"ra!"ing ar"' %abi"uall' resides) e+!e" in#arriages $%ere no li!ense is re*uired in a!!ordan!e$i"% %a"er 2 of "%is Ti"le.

% !6e marria+e li'ense s6o*ld 1e 7ro'*red rom t6e 'i&ilre+istrar o t6e 'ity or m*ni'i7ality 6ere eit6er o t6emresides. "oe&er i t6ey o1tain it rom anot6er 7la'e it ismerely an irre+*larity and does not ae't t6e &alidity ot6e marria+e.

Art. 1,: Marriages be"$een Filiino !i"i/ens abroad#a' be sole#ni/ed b' a !onsul8general) !onsul or(i!e !onsul of "%e Reubli! of "%e ;%iliines.T%e issuan!e of "%e #arriage li!ense and "%e du"ies of "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar and of "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er$i"% regard "o "%e !elebra"ion of #arriage s%all be

erfor#ed b' said !onsular offi!ial.

% !6e 'ons*lar oi'ials a1sor1 t6e d*ties o t6elo'al 'i&il re+istrar and t6e solemni:in+ oi'er6en Fili7inos is6 to 1e married a1road.

% !6e 'eremony and re*irements s6o*ld 1e ina''ordan'e it6 P6ili77ine la.

Art. $ 6ere a marria+e li'ense is re*ired- ea'6 ot6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties s6all ile se7arately a sorna77li'ation or s*'6 li'ense it6 t6e 7ro7er lo'al 'i&ilre+istrar 6i'6 s6all s7e'iy t6e olloin+$

. F*ll name o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties

2. Pla'e o 1irt6,. A+e and date o 1irt6. Ci&il Stat*s/. I 7re&io*sly married- 6o- 6en and 6ere

t6e 7re&io*s marria+e as dissol&ed orann*lled

E. Present residen'e and 'iti:ens6i75. De+ree o relations6i7 o t6e 'ontra'tin+

7arties

% Statin+ all rele&ant a'ts needed in order todetermine le+al 'a7a'ity to marry and t6eeli+i1ility o t6e 7arties.

% Main 7*r7ose is to dis'o*ra+e de'e7tion- andrelie&e rom do*1t t6e stat*s o 7arties 6o li&e

to+et6er.% Pro&ides e&iden'e o t6e stat*s and le+itima'y

o os7rin+.MARRIA APPLICA!IO#$ t6e 'i&il re+istrar 6as to7ro'ess and iss*e a marria+e li'ense. &en i t6e 'i&ilre+istrar nos o a le+al im7ediment 6e 'annotdis'ontin*e *nless sto77ed 1y t6e 'o*rt. (!6is is to7re&ent 1ri1ery and a1*se 1y t6e 'i&il re+istrar)

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4. F*ll name- residen'e and 'iti:ens6i7 o t6eat6er

9. F*ll name- residen'e and 'iti:ens6i7 o t6emot6er

0. F*ll name- residen'e and 'iti:ens6i7 o t6e+*ardian or 7erson 6a&in+ '6ar+e- in 'ase t6e'ontra'tin+ 7arties 6as neit6er at6er normot6er and is *nder t6e a+e o tenty oneyears.

!6e a77li'ants- t6eir 7arents or +*ardians s6all not 1ere*ired to e?6i1it t6eir residen'e 'ertii'ate in anyormality in 'onne'tion it6 t6e se'*rin+ o t6emarria+e li'ense.

Art. 12 : T%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar) uon re!ei(ing su!% ali!a"ion) s%all re*uire "%e resen"a"ion of "%e original bir"%!er"ifi!a"es or) in defaul" "%ereof) "%e ba"is#al !er"ifi!a"es of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies or !oies of su!% do!u#en"sdul' a""es"ed b' "%e ersons %a(ing !us"od' of "%e originals. T%ese !er"ifi!a"es or !er"ified !oies of "%e

do!u#en"s b' "%is Ar"i!le need no" be s$orn "o and s%all be e+e#" fro# "%e do!u#en"ar' s"a# "a+. T%esigna"ure and offi!ial "i"le of "%e erson issuing "%e !er"ifi!a"e s%all be suffi!ien" roof of i"s au"%en"i!i"'.

If ei"%er of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies is unable "o rodu!e %is bir"% or ba"is#al !er"ifi!a"e or a !er"ified !o' of ei"%er be!ause of "%e des"ru!"ion or loss of "%e original or if i" is s%o$n b' an affida(i" of su!% ar"' or of an' o"%er

erson "%a" su!% bir"% or ba"is#al !er"ifi!a"e %as no" 'e" been re!ei(ed "%oug% "%e sa#e %as been re*uired of"%e erson %a(ing !us"od' "%ereof a" leas" fif"een da's rior "o "%e da"e of "%e ali!a"ion) su!% ar"' #a' furnis%in lieu "%ereof %is !urren" residen!e !er"ifi!a"e or an ins"ru#en" dra$n u and s$orn "o before "%e lo!al !i(ilregis"rar !on!erned or an' ubli! offi!ial au"%ori/ed "o ad#inis"er oa"%s. Su!% ins"ru#en" s%all !on"ain "%e s$ornde!lara"ion of "$o $i"nesses of la$ful age) se""ing for"% "%e full na#e) residen!e and !i"i/ens%i of su!%!on"ra!"ing ar"' and of %is or %er aren"s) if 0no$n) and "%e la!e and da"e of bir"% of su!% ar"'. T%e neares" of0in of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies s%all be referred as $i"nesses) or) in "%eir defaul") ersons of good reu"a"ion in "%e

ro(in!e or "%e lo!ali"'.

T%e resen"a"ion of bir"% or ba"is#al !er"ifi!a"e s%all no" be re*uired if "%e aren"s of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"iesaear ersonall' before "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar !on!erned and s$ear "o "%e !orre!"ness of "%e la$ful age of said

ar"ies) as s"a"ed in "%e ali!a"ion) or $%en "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar s%all) b' #erel' loo0ing a" "%e ali!an"s uon"%eir ersonall' aearing before %i#) be !on(in!ed "%a" ei"%er or bo"% of "%e# %a(e "%e re*uired age.

Art. 1!. In !ase ei"%er of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies %as been re(iousl' #arried) "%e ali!an" s%all be re*uired "ofurnis%) ins"ead of "%e bir"% or ba"is#al !er"ifi!a"e re*uired in "%e las" re!eding ar"i!le) "%e dea"% !er"ifi!a"e of

% man'i7ation is o1tained at4K marria+e no lon+ereman'i7ates a '6ild 1e'a*se

t6ey m*st 1e 4 years o a+eto marry.% Contra'tin+ 7arties 4 yearsold and a1o&e 1*t LO 2years o a+e m*st o1tain t6e'onsent o t6eir at6er-mot6er- s*r&i&in+ 7arent- or+*ardian in t6e ordermentioned. (#on%'om7lian'emaes t6e marria+eann*lla1le)

D. So1re7e8a 17


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"%e de!eased souse or "%e &udi!ial de!ree of "%e absolu"e di(or!e) or "%e &udi!ial de!ree of annul#en" orde!lara"ion of nulli"' of %is or %er re(ious #arriage.

In !ase "%e dea"% !er"ifi!a"e !anno" be se!ured) "%e ar"' s%all #a0e an affida(i" se""ing for"% "%is !ir!u#s"an!e

and %is or %er a!"ual !i(il s"a"us and "%e na#e and da"e of dea"% of "%e de!eased souse.

Art. 1$. In !ase ei"%er or bo"% of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies) no" %a(ing been e#an!ia"ed b' a re(ious #arriage)are be"$een "%e ages of eig%"een and "$en"'8one) "%e' s%all) in addi"ion "o "%e re*uire#en"s of "%e re!edingar"i!les) e+%ibi" "o "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar) "%e !onsen" "o "%eir #arriage of "%eir fa"%er) #o"%er) sur(i(ing aren" orguardian) or ersons %a(ing legal !%arge of "%e#) in "%e order #en"ioned. Su!% !onsen" s%all be #anifes"ed in$ri"ing b' "%e in"eres"ed ar"') $%o ersonall' aears before "%e roer lo!al !i(il regis"rar) or in "%e for# of anaffida(i" #ade in "%e resen!e of "$o $i"nesses and a""es"ed before an' offi!ial au"%ori/ed b' la$ "o ad#inis"eroa"%s. T%e ersonal #anifes"a"ion s%all be re!orded in bo"% ali!a"ions for #arriage li!ense) and "%e affida(i") ifone is e+e!u"ed ins"ead) s%all be a""a!%ed "o said ali!a"ions.

Art. 15: An' !on"ra!"ing ar"' be"$een "%e age of "$en"'8one and "$en"'8fi(e s%all be obliged "o as0 "%eir aren"sor guardian for ad(i!e uon "%e in"ended #arriage. If "%e' do no" ob"ain su!% ad(i!e) or if i" be unfa(orable) "%e#arriage li!ense s%all no" be issued "ill af"er "%ree #on"%s follo$ing "%e !o#le"ion of "%e ubli!a"ion of "%eali!a"ion "%erefore. A s$orn s"a"e#en" b' "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies "o "%e effe!" "%a" su!% ad(i!e %as been soug%")"oge"%er $i"% "%e $ri""en ad(i!e gi(en) if an') s%all be a""a!%ed "o "%e ali!a"ion for #arriage li!ense. S%ould "%e

aren"s or guardian refuse "o gi(e an' ad(i!e) "%is fa!" s%all be s"a"ed in "%e s$orn s"a"e#en".

Art. 1% . In "%e !ases $%ere aren"al !onsen" or aren"al ad(i!e is needed) "%e ar"' or ar"ies !on!erned s%all) inaddi"ion "o "%e re*uire#en"s of "%e re!eding ar"i!les) a""a!% a !er"ifi!a"e issued b' a ries") i#a# or #inis"erau"%ori/ed "o sole#ni/e #arriage under Ar"i!le 5 of "%is ode or a #arriage !ounselor dul' a!!redi"ed b' "%e

roer go(ern#en" agen!' "o "%e effe!" "%a" "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies %a(e undergone #arriage !ounseling. Failure"o a""a!% said !er"ifi!a"es of #arriage !ounseling s%all susend "%e issuan!e of "%e #arriage li!ense for a eriod

of "%ree #on"%s fro# "%e !o#le"ion of "%e ubli!a"ion of "%e ali!a"ion. Issuan!e of "%e #arriage li!ense $i"%in"%e ro%ibi"ed eriod s%all sub&e!" "%e issuing offi!er "o ad#inis"ra"i(e san!"ions bu" s%all no" affe!" "%e (alidi"' of"%e #arriage.

S%ould onl' one of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies need aren"al !onsen" or aren"al ad(i!e) "%e o"%er ar"' #us" be resen" a" "%e !ounseling referred "o in "%e re!eding aragra%

% A1sen'e o 7arental ad&i'edoes not ae't t6e marria+e.% Only delays t6e iss*an'e ot6e marria+e li'ense or ,mont6s 1*t ater , mont6s t6eli'ense m*st 1e iss*ed.

Art5 36: !6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar s6all 7re7are a noti'e-6i'6 s6all 'ontain t6e *ll names and residen'es ot6e a77li'ants or a marria+e li'ense and ot6er data

% It is t6e d*ty o t6e 'i&il re+istrar to 7ost a noti'einormin+ t6e 7*1li' o t6e im7endin+ marria+e. !6e7*r7ose o 6i'6 is so t6at 7ersons 6a&in+ noled+e

-

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+i&en in t6e a77li'ations. !6e noti'e s6all 1e 7osted orten 'onse'*ti&e days on a 1*lletin 1oard o*tside t6eoi'e o t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar lo'ated in a 'ons7i'*o*s7la'e it6in t6e 1*ildin+ and a''essi1le to t6e +eneral

7*1li'. !6is noti'e s6all re*est all 7ersons 6a&in+noled+e o any im7ediment to t6e marria+e to ad&iset6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar t6ereo. !6e marria+e li'enses6all 1e iss*ed ater t6e 'om7letion o t6e 7eriod o7*1li'ation.

o any im7ediment to t6e marria+e 'an inorm t6e lo'al'i&il re+istrar.% It is to 1e 7osted or 0 'onse'*ti&e days on a 1*lletin1oard o*tside t6e oi'e

% !6e 'i&il re+istrar s6all 1e iss*ed ater t6e 7eriod o7*1li'ation.

Art. 1): In !ase of an' i#edi#en" 0no$n "o "%e lo!al!i(il regis"rar or broug%" "o %is a""en"ion) %e s%all no"edo$n "%e ar"i!ulars "%ereof and %is findings "%ereon in"%e ali!a"ion for #arriage li!ense) bu" s%allnone"%eless issue said li!ense af"er "%e !o#le"ion of"%e eriod of ubli!a"ion) unless ordered o"%er$ise b' a!o#e"en" !our" a" %is o$n ins"an!e or "%a" of an'

in"eres" ar"'. ,o filing fee s%all be !%arged for "%e e"i"ion nor a !orresonding bond re*uired for "%eissuan!es of "%e order.

Art. 1+. T%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar s%all re*uire "%e a'#en" of "%e fees res!ribed b' la$ or regula"ionsbefore "%e issuan!e of "%e #arriage li!ense. ,o o"%ersu# s%all be !olle!"ed in "%e na"ure of a fee or "a+ ofan' 0ind for "%e issuan!e of said li!ense. I" s%all)%o$e(er) be issued free of !%arge "o indigen" ar"ies)"%a" is "%ose $%o %a(e no (isible #eans of in!o#e or$%ose in!o#e is insuffi!ien" for "%eir subsis"en!e a fa!"

es"ablis%ed b' "%eir affida(i") or b' "%eir oa"% before "%elo!al !i(il regis"rar.

% I an im7ediment is made non to t6e 'i&il re+istrar6e s6all merely note it don 1*t 6e m*st nonet6elessiss*e t6e li'ense. !6is is 1e'a*se t6e im7edimentsmay not 1e &alid at all.

% !6e 7*r7ose o 6i'6 is to 7re&ent +rat and'orr*7tion on t6e 7art o t6e 'i&il re+istry.

% I t6e marria+e li'ense as iss*ed des7ite 'o*rtinter&ention- t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid 1*t t6e7arties res7onsi1le may 1e 'riminally oradministrati&ely lia1le.

NCP!IO#S$. !6e 'o*rts dire't 'i&il

re+istry to re*se+i&in+ o*t t6e li'ense

2. 6en t6e re*ited'ertii'ate o le+al'a7a'ity o orei+ners

is not +i&en (Art. 2)

Art. 2,: T%e li!ense s%all be (alid in an' ar" of "%e;%iliines for a eriod of one %undred "$en"' da'sfro# "%e da"e of issue) and s%all be dee#ed

% !6e marria+e li'ense is only &alid it6in t6eP6ili77ines and not a1road.

% It is +ood or 20 days rom t6e date o iss*e.

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au"o#a"i!all' !an!eled a" "%e e+ira"ion of "%e said eriod if "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies %a(e no" #ade use ofi". T%e e+ir' da"e s%all be s"a#ed in bold !%ara!"erson "%e fa!e of e(er' li!ense issued

Art. 21: S E years old is t6e a+e 6en one 'an'ontra't marria+e. A E%year%old >S 'iti:en may'ontra't marria+e in t6e P6ili77ines 7ro&ided t6at 6e+i&es a 'ertii'ate rom 6is em1assy statin+ t6at Eyears old is t6e le+al a+e to marry.% I 1ot6 are 'iti:ens o a orei+n 'o*ntry and t6ey are

married in t6eir em1assy t6ere is no need to ollo t6ere*irement o marria+e in t6e P6ili77ines- only t6oseo t6eir 'o*ntry.%I one is a orei+ner and one is a Fili7ino e&en i t6eymarry in t6e 'ons*l o t6e orei+ner t6e 'ertii'ate ole+al 'a7a'ity and a marria+e li'ense is still ne'essary.

@ !6e 'i&il re+istry 'annotiss*e a li'ense it6o*t t6e'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity6oe&er i t6e 'i&il re+istrydoes iss*e t6e marria+e illstill 1e &alid.

Art. 22 . T%e #arriage !er"ifi!a"e) in $%i!% "%e ar"ies s%all de!lare "%a" "%e' "a0e ea!% o"%er as %usband and $ife)s%all also s"a"e:1. T%e full na#e) se+ and age of ea!% !on"ra!"ing ar"' 2. T%eir !i"i/ens%i) religion and %abi"ual residen!e3. T%e da"e and re!ise "i#e of "%e !elebra"ion of "%e #arriage4. T%a" "%e roer #arriage li!ense %as been issued a!!ording "o la$) e+!e" in #arriage ro(ided for in %a"er

2 of "%is Ti"le. T%a" ei"%er or bo"% of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies %a(e se!ured "%e aren"al !onsen" in aroria"e !ases=. T%a" ei"%er or bo"% of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies %a(e !o#lied $i"% "%e legal re*uire#en" regarding aren"al

ad(i!e in aroria"e !ases and 5. T%a" "%e ar"ies %a(e en"ered in"o #arriage se""le#en") if an') a""a!%ing a !o' "%ereof.

@Pres*m7tion is alays in t6e&alidity o marria+e.

Proos o marria+e$. Marria+e 'ontra't or

'ertii'ate

2. P6oto'o7ies o t6e'ertii'ate or 'ontra'trom t6e lo'al 'i&ilre+istry

,. Family 1i1le

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Art. 2!. I" s%all be "%e du"' of "%e erson sole#ni/ing "%e #arriage "o furnis% ei"%er of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies "%eoriginal of "%e #arriage !er"ifi!a"e referred "o in Ar"i!le = and "o send "%e duli!a"e and "rili!a"e !oies of "%e!er"ifi!a"e no" la"er "%an fif"een da's af"er "%e #arriage) "o "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar of "%e la!e $%ere "%e #arriage

$as sole#ni/ed. ;roer re!ei"s s%all be issued b' "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar "o "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er "rans#i""ing!oies of "%e #arriage !er"ifi!a"e. T%e sole#ni/ing offi!er s%all re"ain in %is file "%e *uadruli!a"e !o' of "%e#arriage !er"ifi!a"e) "%e !o' of "%e #arriage !er"ifi!a"e) "%e original of "%e #arriage li!ense and) in roer !ases)"%e affida(i" of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"' regarding "%e sole#ni/a"ion of "%e #arriage in la!e o"%er "%an "%ose#en"ioned in Ar"i!le 6.

. a7tismal- 1irt6'ertii'ates o ids

/. 3*di'ial de'isionsE. !estimonies o

7arties- itness-solemni:in+ oi'ers

5. Co6a1itation and'ond*'t

4. Statement in a ill@ A 'ertii'ate o marria+emade years ater t6e marria+eis inadmissi1le as e&iden'e.

Art. 2$: I" s%all be "%e du"' of "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar "o reare "%e do!u#en"s re*uired b' "%is Ti"le) and "oad#inis"er oa"%s "o all in"eres"ed ar"ies $i"%ou" an'!%arge in bo"% !ases. T%e do!u#en"s and affida(i"s

filed in !onne!"ion $i"% ali!a"ions for #arriageli!enses s%all be e+e#" fro# do!u#en"ar' s"a# "a+.

Art. 25. T%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar !on!erned s%all en"erall ali!a"ions for #arriage li!enses filed $i"% %i# in aregis"r' boo0 s"ri!"l' in "%e order in $%i!% "%e sa#e arere!ei(ed. >e s%all re!ord in said boo0 "%e na#es of "%eali!an"s) "%e da"e on $%i!% "%e #arriage li!ense $asissued) and su!% o"%er da"a as #a' be ne!essar'

- !6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar is t6e +o&ernment oi'ial'6ar+ed it6 t6e 7re7aration and t6e ee7in+ o all t6eoi'ial do'*ments.

Art. 2%. All #arriages sole#ni/ed ou"side "%e;%iliines) in a!!ordan!e $i"% "%e la$s in for!e in "%e!oun"r' $%ere "%e' $ere sole#ni/ed) and (alid "%ere

as su!%) s%all also be (alid in "%is !oun"r') e+!e" "%ose ro%ibi"ed under Ar"i!les 3 1) 4) and =) 3=35and 36. 15a


22/97


marria+e. I t6e la o t6e ot6er state is not 7leaded nor 7ro&ed t6e las o t6e P6ili77ines ill 1e 7res*med to1e similar to t6at o orei+n las.

RMMR !" LAS$ AR!. /$ las relatin+ to amily ri+6ts and d*ties- or tot6e stat*s- 'onditions and le+al 'a7a'ity o 7ersons are1indin+ *7on 'iti:ens o t6e P6ili77ines e&en li&in+a1road.

AR!. 5$ 7ro6i1iti&e las 'on'ernin+ 7ersons- t6eir a'tsor 7ro7erty and t6ose 6i'6 6a&e or t6eir o1Ge't 7*1li'order- 7*1li' 7oli'y and +ood '*stoms s6all not 1erendered inee'ti&e 1y las or G*d+ments 7rom*l+ated-or 1y determinations or 'on&entions a+reed *7on in aorei+n 'o*ntry

ASOL>! DIVORC$ A1sol*te di&or'e is not re'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77inesKe&en i t6e 'o*7le as married a1road t6e di&or'e illnot 1e re'o+ni:ed 6ere i one o t6em is a Fili7ino. !6edi&or'e may 1e re'o+ni:ed in t6e orei+n 'o*ntry 6ereit as o1tained 1*t not in t6e P6ili77ines. *t t6edi&or'e o a orei+n 'iti:en a1road is re'o+ni:ed in t6eP6ili77ines as t6e P6ili77ines re'o+ni:es le+al 'a7a'ityo a orei+n 7erson. @I a Fili7ino '6an+es 'iti:ens6i7 t6en 6e 'an +et a

di&or'e and i 6e rea'*ires 6is Fili7ino 'iti:ens6i7

ater t6at t6e di&or'e ill still 6old.% I a Fili7ina marries a orei+ner and t6e

orei+ner o1tains a di&or'e- t6e Fili7ina 'anmarry.

% I t6e Fili7ina o1tains a di&or'e alt6o*+6 notre'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77ines- it ill 1ere'o+ni:ed a+ainst t6e orei+ner and t6*s t6eorei+ner ill not 6a&e le+al standin+ to s*e orad*ltery or 'laim or 7ro7erty ater t6e di&or'e.

%Marria+e 1y a Fili7ino to one6o is 7sy'6olo+i'allyin'a7a'itated is not &alid 6ere%Marria+es t6at are

in'est*o*s are not &alid 6eree&en i 'ele1rated a1road and&alid t6ere. (Art. ,5)%Marria+es a+ainst 7*1li'7oli'y are not &alid 6ere eit6er (Art. ,4)%Common la marria+es arenot re'o+ni:ed 6ere- t6emarria+e m*st still 1esolemni:ed and not'ontra'ted.%Same se? marria+es

1eteen Fili7inos are not &alide&en i done a1road.

@ I a Fili7ino 'ontra'ts aorei+n marria+e 6i'6 is n*lland &oid *nder t6e las o t6estate 6ere it 6as 1eensolemni:ed t6en s*'6marria+e ill lieise 1e n*lland &oid in t6e P6ili77ines.

@I a marria+e 'ele1rated

a1road is in&alid in t6at'o*ntry 1*t 'onsidered &alidin t6e P6ili77ines- t6emarria+e ill still 1e in&alid.!6e la 6ere t6e marria+e6as 1een solemni:ed s6alla77ly.

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MARRIAS NMP! FROM LIC#S R>IRM#!

Art. 2(: In !ase ei"%er or bo"% of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"iesare a" "%e oin" of dea"%) "%e #arriage #a' be

sole#ni/ed $i"%ou" ne!essi"' of a #arriage li!ense and s%all re#ain (alid e(en if "%e ailing ar"' subse*uen"l'sur(i(es.

% Solemni:in+ oi'ers and t6e mayor areem7oered to solemni:e marria+es e&en

it6o*t a marria+e li'ense i eit6er or 1ot6 ot6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties are at t6e 7oint o deat6.

% &en i t6e ailin+ 7arty s*r&i&es ater t6emarria+e- t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid.

Art. 2). If "%e residen!e of ei"%er ar"' is so lo!a"ed"%a" "%ere is no #eans of "ransor"a"ion "o enable su!%

ar"' "o aear ersonall' before "%e lo!al !i(ilregis"rar) "%e #arriage #a' be sole#ni/ed $i"%ou"ne!essi"' of a #arriage li!ense.

- !6is en&isions a sit*ation 6erein t6e residen'e oeit6er 7arty is so lo'ated t6at t6ere is no means otrans7ortation to ena1le s*'6 7arty to a77ear7ersonally 1eore t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar- t6e marria+emay 1e solemni:e it6o*t a marria+e li'ense.

Art. 2+: In "%e !ases ro(ided for in "%e "$o re!edingar"i!les) "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er s%all s"a"e in anaffida(i" e+e!u"ed before "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar or an'

o"%er erson legall' au"%ori/ed "o ad#inis"er oa"%s "%a" "%e #arriage $as erfor#ed in ar"i!ulo #or"is or "%a""%e residen!e of ei"%er ar"') se!if'ing "%e barrio orbaranga') is so lo!a"ed "%a" "%ere is no #eans of"ransor"a"ion "o enable su!% ar"' "o aear

ersonall' before "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar and "%a" "%eoffi!er "oo0 "%e ne!essar' s"es "o as!er"ain "%e agesand rela"ions%i of "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies and "%eabsen!e of legal i#edi#en" "o "%e #arriage.

% !6e solemni:in+ oi'er 6ere are t6osea*t6ori:ed to solemni:e *nder Arti'le 5 and t6emayor 7ro&ided t6at t6ey solemni:e t6e

marria+e it6in t6eir G*risdi'tion and it6in t6ea*t6ority +i&en to t6em.

Art. !, : T%e original of "%e affida(i" re*uired in "%e las" re!eding ar"i!le) "oge"%er $i"% "%e legible !o' of "%e#arriage !on"ra!") s%all be sen" b' "%e erson

sole#ni/ing "%e #arriage "o "%e lo!al !i(il regis"rar of"%e #uni!iali"' $%ere i" $as erfor#ed $i"%in "%e

eriod of "%ir"' da's af"er "%e erfor#an!e of "%e#arriage.

Art. !1: A #arriage in ar"i!ulo #or"is be"$een assengers or !re$ #e#bers #a' also be sole#ni/edb' a s%i !a"ain or b' an airlane ilo" no" onl' $%ile"%e s%i is a" sea or "%e lane is in flig%") bu" alsoduring s"oo(ers a" or"s of !all.

% A 7ilot or s6i7 'a7tain may solemni:e onlymarria+es at t6e 7oint o deat6 6ile t6e 7laneis in li+6t or t6e s6i7 is at sea e&en d*rin+sto7o&ers (it is still 'onsidered 7art o t6eli+6t&oya+e).

@ I somet6in+ 6a77ens to t6emain or 7rin'i7al 7ilot t6ese'ond in 'ommand 'annotsolemni:e marria+es. (!6eyare not a*t6ori:ed to 1y la)

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% !6ey 'an only solemni:e marria+es 1eteent6eir 7assen+ers and 're mem1ers

Art. !2 : A #ili"ar' !o##ander of a uni") $%o is a!o##issioned offi!er) s%all li0e$ise %a(e au"%ori"' "o

sole#ni/e #arriages in ar"i!ulo #or"is be"$een ersons $i"%in "%e /one of #ili"ar' oera"ion) $%e"%er#e#bers of "%e ar#ed for!es or !i(ilians.

% !6e military 'ommander m*st 1e a'ommissioned oi'er (6is6er ran s6o*ld start

rom 2nd lie*tenant- ensi+n and a1o&e)% "e s6o*ld 1e a 'ommander o a *nit.% !6ere s6o*ld 1e a '6a7lain assi+ned to t6e

*nit% !6e marria+e s6o*ld 1e at t6e 7oint o deat6

and in t6e a1sen'e o t6e '6a7lain assi+ned% !6e marria+e m*st 1e solemni:ed it6in t6e

:one o military o7erations.% !6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties may eit6er 1e mem1er

o t6e armed or'es or 'i&ilians.

Art. !!: Marriages a#ong Musli#s or a#ong #e#bersof "%e e"%ni! !ul"ural !o##uni"ies #a' be erfor#ed

(alidl' $i"%ou" "%e ne!essi"' of #arriage li!ense) ro(ided "%e' are sole#ni/ed in a!!ordan!e $i"% "%eir!us"o#s) ri"es or ra!"i!es.

% Marria+es 1eteen 7arties t6at 1elon+ toet6ni' +ro*7s- 7a+ans or M*slims are e?em7t

only rom 7ro'*rin+ a marria+e li'ense. !6emarria+e m*st still 1e solemni:ed ina''ordan'e it6 t6eir '*stoms- rites and7ra'ti'es.

% M*slims are +o&erned 1y t6e Code o M*slimPersonal Las o t6e P6ili77ines t6*s t6ey arenot +o&erned 1y t6e Family Code *nlie ot6eret6ni' +ro*7s 6o do not 6a&e se7arate las.

Art. !$: ,o li!ense s%all be ne!essar' for "%e #arriageof a #an and a $o#an $%o %a(e li(ed "oge"%er as%usband and $ife for a" leas" fi(e 'ears and $i"%ou"an' legal i#edi#en" "o #arr' ea!% o"%er. T%e

!on"ra!"ing ar"ies s%all s"a"e "%e foregoing fa!"s in anaffida(i" before an' erson au"%ori/ed b' la$ "oad#inis"er oa"%s. T%e sole#ni/ing offi!er s%all alsos"a"e under oa"% "%a" %e as!er"ained "%e *ualifi!a"ionsof "%e !on"ra!"ing ar"ies are found no legal

% Persons 'o6a1itin+ or at least / years li&in+to+et6er as 6*s1and and ie are e?em7t romo1tainin+ a marria+e li'ense.

% At t6e time o marria+e- t6ey s6o*ld 1e it6o*t

any le+al im7ediment to marry ea'6 ot6er.!6*s d*rin+ t6e / year 7eriod- it is notne'essary t6at t6ere is no le+al im7ediment itis only ne'essary at t6e time o marria+e t6att6ere is none.

*!6e solemni:in+ oi'er s6allalso state *nder oat6 t6at 6eas'ertained t6e *alii'ationso t6e 7arties and t6at 6e

o*nd no le+al im7ediment.!6e a't t6at t6e oi'er toin&esti+ate s6all not in&alidatet6e marria+e.

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i#edi#en" "o "%e #arriage. % !6e 7arties s6all state t6e a't o t6eir'o6a1itation and t6e a1sen'e o any le+alim7ediment to marry in an aida&it *nder oat6.

*atters that don7t affect the validity of the marria#e:

Article 38$ i t6e 'i&il re+istry +i&es t6e li'ense des7ite t6e 'o*rts orderin+ an inG*n'tion to order t6e 'i&il re+istry not to +i&e t6e marria+e li'ense.

Article 23: i t6e 'i&il re+istry +i&es t6e li'ense des7ite a1sen'e o 'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity o orei+ners.

Article 9: 6en t6e solemni:in+ oi'er ailed to in&esti+ate 6et6er or not t6ere as an im7ediment to t6e marria+e in marria+es ater / years o 'o6a1itation.

MARRIAS VOID A I#I!IO$ #ot &alid rom its in'e7tion. #o ri+6ts 'an lo rom it and 'an ne&er 1e ratiied. (3*di'ial de'laration o n*llity). Art. !5 : T%e follo$ing #arriages s%all be (oid fro# "%ebeginning:1 T%ose !on"ra!"ed b' an' ar"' belo$ eig%"een'ears of age e(en $i"% "%e !onsen" of aren"s orguardians?2 T%ose sole#ni/ed b' an' erson no" legall'au"%ori/ed "o erfor# #arriages unless su!%#arriages $ere !on"ra!"ed $i"% ei"%er or bo"% ar"iesbelie(ing in good fai"% "%a" "%e sole#ni/ing offi!er %ad"%e legal au"%ori"' "o do so?3 T%ose sole#ni/ed $i"%ou" li!ense) e+!e" "%ose

!o(ered "%e re!eding %a"er?4 T%ose biga#ous or ol'ga#ous #arriages no"failing under Ar"i!le 41? T%ose !on"ra!"ed "%roug% #is"a0e of one!on"ra!"ing ar"' as "o "%e iden"i"' of "%e o"%er? and = T%ose subse*uen" #arriages "%a" are (oid under

Ar"i!le 3.

Article 2; 9;


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may marry a+ain i t6ere is a G*di'ial de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6 and at t6etime o t6e 'ele1ration o marria+e eit6er s7o*se is in +ood ait6 t6at t6e a1sents7o*se is still a1sent.?. is married to " and disa77ears or years and is G*di'ially de'lared

7res*m7ti&ely dead. " later on is to marry 2. 2 6oe&er sees t6e day1eore t6e eddin+ 1*t does not tell ". As lon+ as " is in +ood ait6 and does notno o t6e 7resen'e o t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid.

% enerally e&iden'e ot6er t6an a G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity 'an 1e 7resentede?'e7t (dire't atta' needed) or 7*r7oses o remarria+e- &alidity o marria+e isessential to t6e determination o t6e 'ase- and 6en a donor desires to re&oe adonation ro"er nu"ias.

LO 4 ARS OF A$ not 'a7a'itated to marry e&en i it6 7arental 'onsent.(istory$ male- 2 emale$ minim*m a+e or ee'ti&e 7ro'reation E male- emale$ Mat*rity and res7onsi1ility ere taen into 'onsideration.

ender Roles$ a1ility o men to 7ro&ide and a1ility o omen to 'are or t6e6o*se6old.

4 or 1ot6$ #o si+nii'ant dieren'e in terms o mat*rity o male and emale.S'ien'e s6os 1elo 4 leads to *nsae 7re+nan'ies.

#O#%A>!"ORI! OF SOLM#IR$?'e7tion$ I I!"R or 1ot6 o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elie&ed in +ood ait6 t6at 6e 6ads*'6 a*t6ority. !6e +ood ait6 o t6e 7arty is 6at is reerred to not t6e solemni:in+oi'er.% >nless it as i+noran'e o t6e la t6en t6e marria+e ill 1e &oid. !6e 7erson m*st 1eone o t6e 7eo7le in Arti'le 5 t6*s i a 'o*7le is married 1y a Ganitor- t6em 1elie&in+ t6at a

Ganitor 'an 'ele1rate a marria+e- t6e marria+e ill 1e &oid.?'e7tion$ Marria+e as done a1road and s*'6 oi'er is &alid in t6at 'o*ntryIAMO>S OR POLAMO>S MARRIA$ la 7ro6i1its married men or omen rom'ontra'tin+ a s*1se*ent marria+e 6en t6eir 'onsort is still ali&e.

?'e7tion$% !6at mentioned in Arti'le re+ardin+ a77earan'e o a s7o*se ater a

de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6.% !6ose 7ro&ided or *nder t6e M*slim 'ode.% 6en t6e irst marria+e as a't*ally &oid it6 a G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity.

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it6o*t G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity t6en 2nd marria+e ill 1e &oid *nder Arti'le0.

MIS!AH I# ID#!I!$ An instan'e o ra*d- 6i'6 is a +ro*nd or t6e n*llity o t6emarria+e. "ere t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arty a1sol*tely did not intend to marry t6e ot6er- as t6e

same is not t6e 7erson 6e or s6e a't*ally ne 1eore t6e marria+e.Does not in'l*de$ mistae in name- '6ara'ter o 7erson- attri1*tes- a+e- so'ial standin+-

reli+ion- 7edi+ree- 7e'*niary means- tem7eraments- a'*irements- 'ondition in lie-7re&io*s 6a1it.

VOID >#DR AR!ICL /,$ Marria+es t6at 6a&e ann*lled or de'lared n*ll and &oid m*st*ndertae t6e li*idation- 7artition and distri1*tion o t6eir 7ro7erties- deli&ery o7res*m7ti&e le+itimes- et'. to 1e a1le to remarry.

Art. !%: A #arriage !on"ra!"ed b' an' ar"' $%o) a""%e "i#e of "%e !elebra"ion) $as s'!%ologi!all'in!aa!i"a"ed "o !o#l' $i"% "%e essen"ial #ari"alobliga"ions of #arriage) s%all li0e$ise be (oid e(en ifsu!% in!aa!i"' be!o#es #anifes" onl' af"er i"s

sole#ni/a"ion.

Psy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity to 'om7ly it6 t6e essentialmarital o1li+ation o marria+e a" "%e "i#e of #arriage-e&en i it 1e'omes maniest ater t6e solemni:ation ot6e marria+e.

% #ot deined and t6*s let on a 'o*rt%to%'o*rt

1asis. A 7erson may a't*ally 1e ei'ient indoin+ ot6er t6in+s s*'6 as 6is 7roession 1*tit6 re+ards to 6is married lie it 'an 1edierent.

% #ot G*st st*11orn re*sal 1*t attri1*ted to7sy'6olo+i'al 'a*ses (not ne'essarily insane)

% La'in+ in t6e e?er'ise o t6e G*d+ment notla' o G*d+ment

% !r*e ina1ility to 'ommit onesel to t6eessentials o marria+e B 7sy'6ose?*aldisorders or ot6er 7ersonality disorders

% Ina1ility to 'ommit to t6e essentials o marria+e

B 7ro'reation- ed*'ation o os7rin+-'omm*nity o lie and lo&e

M*st 1e '6ara'teri:ed 1y$. ra&ity% +ra&e or serio*s

P.I. Insanity

Cannot 1e'*red

Can 1e'*red

#o 'onsent7resent

sin'e 6edoes notno t6etr*e meanin+o marria+e

Consent 'an1e +i&en

d*rin+ l*'idinter&al

PROOF to s6o P.I.$. O1ser&e o d*ties

(li&in+ to+et6er- et'.)2. Pro'reation,. O1li+ation o 7arents to

'6ildren.

. Senseless and7rotra'ted re*sal to6a&e inter'o*rse

/. >nreasona1leatta'6ment to ones

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2. 3*ridi'al ante'eden'e B rooted in 6istory o t6e7arty and may maniest ater t6e marria+e.

,. In'*ra1ility

3*ris7r*dential *idelines (CA &. Molina)$. *rden o 7roo to s6o t6e n*llity o marria+e

1elon+s to t6e 7lainti.2. Root 'a*se m*st 1e #edi!all' or !lini!all'

iden"ified - alle+ed in t6e 'om7laint- suffi!ien"l' ro(en b' e+er"s- 'learly e?7lained 1y t6ede'ision- #us" be s'!%ologi!al not 76ysi'al.

,. Pro&en to 1e e?istin+ at t6e time o t6e'ele1ration o t6e marria+e

. M*st 1e in'*ra1le (may 1e a1sol*te or relati&eto t6e +i&en s7o*se)

/. M*st 1e +ra&e

E. ssential marria+e o1li+ations are t6oseem1ra'ed in arti'les E4 to 5, and Arti'les 220-22- 22/ it6 re+ards to 7arents and '6ildren.

5. Inter7retations in #ational A77ellateMatrimonial tri1*nal o Cat6oli' C6*r'6 t6o*+6not 1indin+ are 7ers*asi&e

ot6er amily or 1aradaE. !rans&estism5. Ind*l+en'e o 7ri&ate

antasy

4. Al'o6ols*1stan'ea1*se

9. ?treme immat*rity

Art. !( : Marriages be"$een "%e follo$ing arein!es"uous and (oid fro# "%e beginning) $%e"%errela"ions%i be"$een "%e ar"ies be legi"i#a"e orillegi"i#a"e:1 @e"$een as!endan"s and des!endan"s of an'degree? and

2 @e"$een bro"%ers and sis"ers) $%e"%er of "%e full or %alf blood.

Reasons to Condemn In'est*o*s Marria+es$. A16orrent to nat*re2. rin+s a1o*t 'on*sion o ri+6ts and d*ties,. Dei'ient and de+enerate os7rin+. Control se? ri&alries it6in amilies/. !o +*ide one toards t6e 'reation o ne

n*'lear amilyE. rin+s a1o*t 'on*sion it6 stat*s

@ !6e relations6i7 1ein+le+itimate or ille+itimate isimmaterial

Art. !) : T%e follo$ing #arriages s%all be (oid fro# "%ebeginning for reasons of ubli! oli!' 1 @e"$een !olla"eral blood rela"i(es $%e"%er

% Sim*lates 1lood relations alt6o*+6 le+al i'tion (1ond 'reated 1y la- a+ainst7*1li' 7oli'y)

COLLA!RAL LOOD RLA!IVS$ may 'a*se t6e same reasons as Art. ,5 1*t to a

3 Arti'le E4$ 6*s1and and ie are o1li+ed to li&e to+et6er- o1ser&e m*t*al lo&e- res7e't- and idelity- and render m*t*al 6el7 and s*77ort. Arti'le E9$ "*s1and and ie s6all i? t6e

domi'ile and in 'ase o disa+reement t6e 'o*rt s6all de'ide. Arti'le 50$ s7o*ses are Gointly res7onsi1le or t6e s*77ort o t6e amily and t6e e?7enses or s*'6 s*77ort and ot6er'onG*+al o1li+ations s6all 1e 7aid rom 'omm*nity 7ro7erty- in'ome or r*its o se7arate 7ro7erty- or se7arate 7ro7erty. Arti'le 5$ mana+ement o 6o*se6old s6all 1e ri+6t and d*ty o1ot6 s7o*ses.

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legi"i#a"e or illegi"i#a"e) u "o "%e four"% !i(ildegree?

2 @e"$een s"e8aren"s and s"e8!%ildren?3 @e"$een aren"s8in8la$ and !%ildren8in8la$?

4 @e"$een "%e ado"ing aren" and "%e ado"ed!%ild?

@e"$een "%e sur(i(ing souse of "%e ado"ing aren" and "%e ado"ed !%ild?

= @e"$een "%e sur(i(ing souse of "%e ado"ed !%ildand "%e ado"er?

5 @e"$een an ado"ed !%ild and a legi"i#a"e !%ild of"%e ado"er?

6 @e"$een ado"ed !%ildren of "%e sa#e ado"er? @e"$een ar"ies $%ere one) $i"% "%e in"en"ion "o

#arr' "%e o"%er) 0illed "%a" o"%er ersons souse)or

%is or %er o$n souse.

lesser de+ree.COLLA!RAL "ALF%LOOD RLA!IVS CO#SA#>I#I!$ t6e la does not7ro&ide t6at marria+es 1eteen 'ollateral 1lood relati&es 1y t6e 6al%1lood are 7ro6i1ited. Case La$ In Re$ Simms state

% e'a*se o s7e'ii'ation in 1rot6ers and sisters and no s7e'ii'ation it6 *n'lesand nie'es- marria+e 1eteen *n'les and nie'es are not 7ro6i1ited

% >nlie r*lin+ in A*dley 6ere it deemed it as *nne'essary% Marria+e 1eteen *n'les and nie'es 6o are 6al%1lood is &alid d*e to t6e

7res*m7tion in a&or o marria+e.RLA!IO#S"IP AFFI#I! (made t6ro*+6 marria+e)$ !6e only marria+es 1y ainity7ro6i1ited in t6e Family Code are marria+es 1eteen ste77arents and ste7'6ildren and7arents%in%la and '6ildren%in%la. (May destroy t6e 7ea'e*lness in amily relations)

• Ste71rot6er and ste7sister 'an marry ea'6 ot6er sin'e not in'l*ded in

t6e 7ro6i1ition.@In t6e e&ent t6at t6e marria+e is ann*lled or n*lliied or in t6e e&ent t6at t6e marria+e isterminated 1y deat6 ainity is terminated and t6*s t6ose t6at ere 7ro6i1ited d*e to

ainity 'an no marry ea'6 ot6er. >nless t6ere are li&in+ iss*es ('6ildren) in 6om t6e1lood o t6e 7arties 'ontin*e to 'ommin+le.

ADOP!IV RLA!IO#S"IP$6o t6ey 'annot marry$

Ado7ter Ado7ted

!6e ado7ted !6e ado7ter

!6e s*r&i&in+ s7o*se o t6e ado7ted(n&isions t6at t6e marria+e asterminated d*e to deat6. *t i t6emarria+e as terminated ater t6e inalityo a n*llity or ann*lment de'ree t6en t6ey'an +et married)

!6e s*r&i&in+ s7o*se o ado7ter(n&isions t6at t6e marria+e asterminated d*e to deat6. *t i t6emarria+e as terminated ater t6e inalityo a n*llity or ann*lment de'ree t6en t6ey'an +et married)

Le+itimate '6ildren o ado7ter Ot6er ado7ted '6ildren o t6e ado7ter

6o 'an t6ey marry$

Ado7ter Ado7ted

C6ildren o ado7ted Parents o ado7ter

#at*ral 7arent Ille+itimate '6ild o t6e ado7ter

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Ot6er relati&es Ot6er relati&es

S7o*se o ado7ted i ali&e and notmarried to ado7ted

S7o*se o ado7ter i ali&e and not marriedto ado7ter

I#!#!IO#AL HILLI# OF SPO>S$ !6e +*ilty 7arty m*st 1e animated 1y an intentionto marry t6e ot6er 7erson- i not t6en not 'onsidered a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y.?. A anted to marry . as married to C. A ills C 1e'a*se C stole rom A. !6en Alater on marries . S*'6 a marria+e is &alid.@#o 'riminal 'on&i'tion is ne'essary mere 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e is re*ired to7ro&e t6e illin+.

Art. !+: T%e a!"ion or defense for "%e de!lara"ion ofabsolu"e nulli"' of a #arriage s%all no" res!ribe

% !ime to ile an a'tion or de'laration o n*llity o a marria+e or to in&oe s*'6 n*llity as adeense does not 7res'ri1e.

% it6er 7arty in a &oid marria+e 'an ile a n*llity'ase e&en t6o*+6 s*'6 7arty is t6e ron+doer.

Only 6*s1and and ie 'an ile a 'o*rt 'asede'larin+ t6e marria+e &oid. *t it 'an still 1e'ollaterally atta'ed 1y any interested 7arty inany 7ro'eedin+ 6ere t6e determination o t6e&alidity o marria+e is ne'essary to +i&e rise to'ertain ri+6ts.

Art. $,: T%e absolu"e nulli"' of a re(ious #arriage#a' be in(o0ed for uroses of re#arriage on "%ebasis solel' of a final &udg#en" de!laring su!%

re(ious #arriage (oid.

In relation to$

Art. 52: T%e &udg#en" of annul#en" or of absolu"enulli"' of "%e #arriage) "%e ar"i"ion and dis"ribu"ion of"%e roer"ies of "%e souses and "%e deli(er' of "%e!%ildrens resu#"i(e legi"i#es s%all be re!orded in"%e aroria"e !i(il regis"r' and regis"ries of roer"'?o"%er$ise) "%e sa#e s%all no" affe!" "%ird ersons.

Art. 5!: Ei"%er of "%e for#er souses #a' #arr' againaf"er !o#lian!e $i"% "%e re*uire#en"s of "%ei##edia"el' re!eding Ar"i!le? o"%er$ise) "%e

% A G*di'ial de'laration o marria+e is t6e onlya''e7ta1le 7roo so t6at a 7arty 'an 'ontra't as*1se*ent &alid marria+e. it6o*t it t6es*1se*ent marria+e ill 1e 'onsidered &oid.

% In 'onne'tion it6 it- Arti'les /2 and /, 6i'66as to do it6 t6e li*idation- 7artition and

distri1*tion o t6e 7ro7erties it6o*t 6i'6 t6emarria+e ill lieise 1e &oid.

IAM$ Committed 1y any 7erson 6o s6all 'ontra'ta se'ond or s*1se*ent marria+e 1eore t6e ormermarria+e 6as 1een le+ally dissol&ed or 1eore t6ea1sent s7o*se 6as 1een de'lared 7res*m7ti&ely dead1y G*d+ment.% Marria+e 1e'omes &oid not 1e'a*se o 1i+amy 1*t1e'a*se o 'ertain im7ositions in la t6at m*st 1e

@ !6e s*1se*ent marria+e isnot 'onsidered 1i+amo*s sin'et6e irst marria+e is not &alid. Ina 1i+amo*s marria+e t6e irsts*1sistin+ marria+e is &alid.i+amy en&isions 2 &alid

marria+es. I t6e irst or t6ese'ond marria+e is &oid t6ent6ere 'an 1e no 1i+amy.

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subse*uen" #arriage s%all be null and (oid. done 1eore 'onta'tin+ a se'ond marria+e.

@it6o*t arti'le 0 one 'annot 7erorm Arti'le /2.

Art. $1: A #arriage !on"ra!"ed b' an' erson during

subsis"en!e of a re(ious #arriage s%all be null and(oid) unless before "%e !elebra"ion of "%e subse*uen"#arriage) "%e rior souse %ad been absen" for four!onse!u"i(e 'ears and "%e souse resen" %as a $ell8founded belief "%a" "%e absen" souse $as alread'dead. In !ase of disaearan!e $%ere "%ere is danger of dea"% under "%e !ir!u#s"an!es se" for"% in "%e

ro(isions of Ar"i!le 31 of "%e i(il ode) an absen!eof onl' "$o 'ears s%all be suffi!ien".For "%e urose of !on"ra!"ing "%e subse*uen"#arriage under "%e re!eding aragra% "%e souse

resen" #us" ins"i"u"e a su##ar' ro!eeding as

ro(ided in "%is ode for "%e de!lara"ion of resu#"i(e dea"% of "%e absen"ee) $i"%ou" re&udi!e"o "%e effe!" of reaearan!e of "%e absen" souse.

- A de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6 is needed

or t6e a1sentee in order to 'onta't a nemarria+e.

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re(o0ed b' oera"ion of la$? 4 T%e inno!en" souse #a' re(o0e "%edesigna"ion of "%e o"%er souse $%o a!"ed in bad fai"%as benefi!iar' in an' insuran!e oli!') e(en if su!%

designa"ion be s"iula"ed as irre(o!able? and T%e souse $%o !on"ra!"ed "%e subse*uen"#arriage in bad fai"% s%all be dis*ualified "o in%eri"fro# "%e inno!en" souse b' "es"a"e and in"es"a"esu!!ession.

t6e donee a'ted in 1ad ait6 in 'ontra'tin+ t6emarria+e- t6e donation 1y reason o marria+e isterminated 1y o7eration o la. I 1ot6 are in 1ad ait6neit6er 'an re'o&er 6at t6ey 6a&e +i&en.

DESI%,A'IO, AS .E,E)ICIA&+ I, I,S0&A,CEPOIC+: !6e inno'ent s7o*se 6as t6e '6oi'e ore&oin+ t6e 1enei'iary in an ins*ran'e 7oli'y e&en it6e 7oli'y is irre&o'a1le. (S6o*ld inorm t6e ins*ran'e'om7any)DIS=0AI)ICA'IO, AS 'O I,(E&I'A,CE: !6es7o*se 6o a'ted in 1ad ait6 s6all 1e dis*aliied toin6erit rom t6e inno'ent s7o*se. I 1ot6 s7o*ses are in1ad ait6 a''ordin+ to Arti'le t6e marria+e is &oidand t6e 7arties 'annot in6erit.

Art. $$: If bo"% souses of "%e subse*uen" #arriagea!"ed in bad fai"%) said #arriage s%all be (oid ab ini"io

and all dona"ions b' reason of #arriage and"es"a#en"ar' disosi"ions #ade b' one in fa(or of "%eo"%er are re(o0ed b' oera"ion of la$.

- !6e marria+e s6all 1e 'onsidered &oid only i1ot6 s7o*ses in t6e s*1se*ent marria+e are

in 1ad ait6.- !6e +ood ait6 o t6e s7o*se m*st 1e 7resent

*7 to t6e time o t6e 'ele1ration o t6es*1se*ent marria+e.

VOIDAL MARRIAS$ &alid *7 to t6e 7oint 6en t6ey are ann*lled. !6ese are t6e only +ro*nds- 6i'6 'an 1e 'onsidered or ann*lment(e?'l*si&e).

Arti'le Annotation ?'e7tion Filin+$

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25 !6at eit6er 7arty as o *nso*nd mind-*nless s*'6 7arty ater 'omin+ to reason-reely 'o6a1ited it6 t6e ot6er as 6*s1and andie

% M*st 1e 'lear t6at illness is serio*s t6at'annot *nderstand marria+e 'ontra't at t6etime o t6e marria+e.

Ratii'ation$ !6ro*+6 'o6a1itation 1y t6e7erson it6 t6e *nso*nd mind ater 6e 6as'ome to reason@On'e ratiied t6e marria+e ill 1e &alid and nolon+er ann*lla1le e&en i t6e insanity 'omes1a'.

@ I t6e s7o*se ne t6at t6e s7o*se asinsane 7rior to t6e 'ele1ration o t6e marria+es6e 'annot ann*l t6e marria+e.

Party to ile s*it$ Sane s7o*se it6o*tnoled+e 1eore t6e deat6 o eit6er 7arty-relati&e or +*ardian o insane at any time1eore t6e deat6 o eit6er 7arty- and insanes7o*se 1eore t6e deat6 o eit6er 7arty.

95 !6at t6e 'onsent o eit6er 7arty aso1tained 1y ra*d- *nless s*'6 7artyaterards- it6 *ll noled+e o t6e a'ts'onstit*tin+ t6e ra*d- reely 'o6a1ited it6 t6eot6er as 6*s1and and ie

Article : Fra*d$ e?istin+ at time o marria+e. #on%dis'los*re o 7re&io*s 'on&i'tion

1y inal G*d+ment o a 'rime in&ol&in+moral t*r7it*de.

2. Con'ealment o t6e ie o t6e a'tt6at s6e as 7re+nant at t6e time omarria+e 1y anot6er man.

,. Con'ealment o S!D re+ardless o itsnat*re e?istin+ at t6e time o t6emarria+e.

. Con'ealment o dr*+ addi'tion-

6a1it*al al'o6olism- or 6omose?*alityor les1ianism e?istin+ at t6e time o t6emarria+e.

@#o ot6er misre7resentations ill 1ea''e7ta1le to 'onstit*te ra*d to ann*l amarria+e.PRVIO>S CO#VIC!IO#$ #o need orin&esti+ation on t6e 7art o t6e 7arty 1*t t6ere

m*st 1e a inal G*d+ment.CO#CALM#! OF PR#A#C$Con'ealment m*st 1e done in 1ad ait6. !6*s-i t6e oman tr*ly 1elie&ed s6e as not7re+nant 6en s6e as t6e marria+e 'annot1e ann*lled.

- Misre7resentation t6at s6e as7re+nant to ind*'e t6e man to marry6er 6en s6e as in a't not 7re+nantis not 'onsidered or ann*lment.

CO#CALM#! OF S!D$ #at*re or +ra&ity isirrele&antK t6e a't t6at it as 'on'ealed as

eno*+6.CO#CALM#! OF ADDIC!IO#S$ #o e?a'tmeanin+ 1*t 6as 1een deined as 7ersistent6a1it o 1e'omin+ into?i'ated- irresisti1le 6a1it.@Does not need to +et dr*n all t6e time- t6e6a1it o 1e'omin+ 7eriodi'ally dr*n and 1ein+*na1le to resist 6en t6e o77ort*nity arises.CO#CALM#! OF #DRPRFR#C$ 'onsiders t6e ee't on t6e

Exception to ?2@: I t6e oman as*n'6aste and t6e man ne o 6er *n'6aste'6ara'ter.Exception to ?2@: I oman did not inormt6e man 1*t 7re+nan'y as a77arent.

Party to ile s*it$ InG*red 7arty it6in / yearsater t6e dis'o&ery o ra*d

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inG*red s7o*se in 7erormin+ 6is6er maritald*ties. Mental itness- 6ealt6- et'. Does notn*rt*re a nat*ral and 6olesome amily-Ratii'ation$ Co6a1itation ater t6e inno'ent

s7o*se 6as *ll noled+e o t6e a'ts'onstit*tin+ t6e ra*d

5 !6at eit6er 7arty as ali'ted it6 a

se?*ally%transmissi1le disease o*nd to 1eserio*s and a77ears to 1e in'*ra1le

#o ratii'ation 1y 'o6a1itation

Art. $) : In all !ases of annul#en" orde!lara"ion of absolu"e nulli"' of #arriage) "%eour" s%all order "%e rose!u"ing a""orne' orfis!al assigned "o i" "o aear on be%alf of "%eS"a"e "o "a0e s"es "o re(en" !ollusionbe"$een "%e ar"ies and "o "a0e !are "%a"e(iden!e is no" fabri!a"ed or suressed

- !6e state ill ens*re t6e 7re&ention o'oll*sion 1eteen t6e 7arties (6omay mae *7 a +ro*nd to ann*l t6emarria+e) and to ens*re t6at t6ee&iden'e is not a1ri'ated

- #o G*d+ment s6all 1e 1ased on a'onession and a sti7*lation o a'ts

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In "%e !ases referred "o in "%e re!eding aragra%) no &udg#en" s%all be based uon as"iula"ion of fa!"s or !onfession of &udg#en"

only.

Art. $+: Buring "%e enden!' of "%e a!"ion and

in "%e absen!e of ade*ua"e ro(isions in a$ri""en agree#en" be"$een "%e souses) "%eour" s%all ro(ide for "%e suor" of "%esouses and "%e !us"od' and suor" of "%eir!o##on !%ildren. T%e our" s%all gi(e

ara#oun" !onsidera"ion "o "%e #oral and#a"erial $elfare of said !%ildren and "%eir!%oi!e of "%e aren" $i"% $%o# "%e' $is% "ore#ain as ro(ided "o in Ti"le IC. I" s%all also

ro(ide for aroria"e (isi"a"ion rig%"s of "%eo"%er aren".

- 6ile trial is on +oin+ t6e s*77ort o

t6e s7o*ses and '*stody o t6e'6ildren s6all 1e +o&erned 1y6ate&er a+reement t6e 7arties 6a&emade. I none t6en t6ey s6all 1es*77orted rom t6e a1sol*te'omm*nity o 7ro7erty or 'onG*+al7artners6i7 o +ains.

- !6e 'o*rt may 6oe&er mae t6ene'essary adG*stments in 'ase t6ea+reement is inade*ate.

@ In n*llity 'ases- i t6e marria+e is deemed to

1e &oid t6en t6e one 6o +ot s*77ort s6o*ldret*rn it it6 le+al interest to t6e 7erson 6o*rnis6ed s*77ort sin'e s*'6 7erson as notentitled to t6e s*77ort t6ere 1ein+ no marria+e.

Art. 5,: T%e effe!"s ro(ided for b'

aragra%s 2) 3) 4 and of Ar"i!le 43and b' Ar"i!le 44 s%all also al' in "%e roer!ases "o #arriages $%i!% are de!lared abini"io or annulled b' final &udg#en" under

Ar"i!les 49 and 4.T%e final &udg#en" in su!% !ases s%all ro(idefor "%e li*uida"ion) ar"i"ion and dis"ribu"ion of"%e roer"ies of "%e souses) "%e !us"od' andsuor" of "%e !o##on !%ildren) and "%edeli(er' of "%ird resu#"i(e legi"i#es) unlesssu!% #a""ers %ad been ad&udi!a"ed in re(ious

&udi!ial ro!eedings.

All !redi"ors of "%e souses as $ell as of "%eabsolu"e !o##uni"' or "%e !on&ugal

ar"ners%i s%all be no"ified of "%e ro!eedingsfor li*uida"ion.

In "%e ar"i"ion) "%e !on&ugal d$elling and "%elo" on $%i!% i" is si"ua"ed) s%all be ad&udi!a"edin a!!ordan!e $i"% "%e ro(isions of Ar"i!les

Arti'le ,$ ee'ts o termination o s*1se*ent

marria+e (li*idation- dis7osition- donation-ins*ran'e- in6eritan'e)

Arti'le $ ot6 s7o*ses o t6e s*1se*entmarria+e are in 1ad ait6 t6e marria+e s6all 1e&oid

Arti'le 0$ Final G*d+ment de'larin+ a marria+eas &oid or a s*1se*ent marria+e.

% In all ot6er 'ases o a &oid marria+e t6e7ro7erty re+ime ill 1e +o&erned 1y Art. 5(a+es and salaries oned 1y t6em in e*als6ares 7ro7erty +o&erned 1y 'o%oners6i7)

Art. 4 (7ro7erties a'*ired t6ro*+6 Goint'ontri1*tions only and di&ided in 7ro7ortion tot6eir 'ontri1*tions)

@!6e G*d+ment and de'ree o n*llity or

ann*lment ill 1e'ome inal *7on t6ee?7iration o / days rom t6e re'ei7t o t6e7arties o t6e de'ision. (!6*s any marria+e7rior to t6e / days may 1e 'onsidered1i+amo*s sin'e t6e marria+e is still s*1sistin+at t6at time.)

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192 and 12.

Art. 51: In said ar"i"ion) "%e (alue of "%e resu#"i(e legi"i#es of all !o##on !%ildren)!o#u"ed as of "%e da"e of "%e final &udg#en"

of "%e "rial !our") s%all be deli(ered in !as%) roer"' or sound se!uri"ies) unless "%e ar"ies) b' #u"ual agree#en" &udi!iall'aro(ed) %ad alread' ro(ided for su!%#a""ers.

T%e !%ildren or "%eir guardian or "%e "rus"ee of"%eir roer"' #a' as0 for "%e enfor!e#en" of"%e &udg#en".

T%e deli(er' of "%e resu#"i(e legi"i#es%erein res!ribed s%all in no $a' re&udi!e "%e

ul"i#a"e su!!essional rig%"s of "%e !%ildrena!!ruing uon "%e dea"% of ei"%er of bo"% of "%e aren"s? bu" "%e (alue of "%e roer"ies alread' re!ei(ed under "%e de!ree of annul#en" orabsolu"e nulli"' s%all be !onsidered asad(an!es on "%eir legi"i#e.

Pres*m7ti&e Le+itime$ Part o t6e 7ro7erty ot6e testator- 6i'6 'annot 1e dis7osed o1e'a*se t6e la 6as reser&ed it or 'ertain

'om7*lsory 6eirs. !6e de'ree o ann*lment orn*llity o marria+e 7ro&ides or t6e deli&ery ot6e 7res*m7ti&e le+itimes t6is is in order to7rote't t6e le+itime o t6e '6ildren roms*1se*ent marria+e.?. I A 6*s1and o dies- t6eir '6ild C illin6erit a le+itime rom AJs 7ro7erties. In t6is'ase t6ere is no deat6 t6*s t6e le+itime is7res*med (6at AJs 7ro7erties o*ld 1e i 6edied at t6is time) and t6at is 6at is +i&en to C.

• In t6e e&ent t6at t6e eit6er or 1ot6

7arents die later on t6e 7res*m7ti&e

le+itime +i&en is 'onsidered anad&an'e on t6eir le+itime and are G*st+i&en t6e remainin+ 1alan'e d*e t6em.

• In &oid marria+es ot6er t6an t6at

7ro&ided or in Art. 0- t6e 7res*m7ti&ele+itime is not deli&ered.

@ !6e '6ildren or t6e +*ardian may see t6eenor'ement or t6e deli&ery o t6e 7res*m7ti&ele+itime.

Art. 5$: %ildren !on!ei(ed or born before "%e &udg#en" of annul#en" or absolu"e nulli"' of"%e #arriage under Ar"i!le 3= %as be!o#e final and e+e!u"or' s%all be !onsidered legi"i#a"e.%ildren !on!ei(ed or born of "%e subse*uen"#arriage under Ar"i!le 3 s%all li0e$ise be

legi"i#a"e.

% enerally- '6ildren 'on'ei&ed and 1orno*tside a &alid marria+e or inside a &oidmarria+e are ille+itimate e?'e7t t6ose 'omin+rom a marria+e &oid d*e to 7sy'6olo+i'alin'a7a'ity and t6ose d*e to la' o G*di'ialde'ree o n*llity or li*idation or dissol*tion o

7ro7erty.

@ I t6e '6ild is 'on'ei&ed 7rior to t6e marria+eand t6e marria+e is terminated *nder Art. ,E or /, '6ild ill 1e ille+itimate (t6e s*1se*ent&oid marria+e e&en *nder t6ese arti'les ill notle+itimate t6em)

LAL SPARA!IO#$ Does not ae't t6e marit

persons reviewer - sta maria

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