pesharecouk shared resource 1163

8/2/2019 Pesharecouk Shared Resource 1163

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And their influence on performance and lifestyle. . .


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AIMS;

Explain what is meant by the term 'attitude' Describe the components of an attitude Outline the factors influencing the formation of

attitude and how they influence behaviour

Critically evaluate attitudes and behaviour insport. Understand the importance of developing positive

attitudes towards specific attitude objects andthe impact a negative attitude can have on

performance Describe the methods used to assess attitudesand evaluate their effectiveness

Explain the methods used to change an attitudeincluding cognitive dissonance and persuasive

communication


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DefinitionsA mental state of readiness organised through experiencesthat influences the response of an individual towards anyobject or situation with which it is related (Moody, 1980)

An enduring evaluation- positive or negative - of people,

objects and ideas'. Aronson et al (1994)

'Ideas charged with emotion (positive or negative) which pre-disposes a class of actions to a particular social situation'.Triandis (1971)

'A mental and neural state of readiness, organised throughexperience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence uponthe individual's response to all objects and situations withwhich it is related'. Allport (1935)


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ATTITUDESA learned behavioural predisposition.(Invariably linked with personality)


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Attitudes are formed through experiences A pleasant experience in PE is likely to promote a

positive attitude towards sport and participation An unpleasant experience in PE at school would

bring about a negative attitude

Sport then becomes the object to be avoidedin the future.

Parents have an initial impact in attitudeformation

The teacher or coach could be influential In teenage years the peer group has the most

powerful influence The process of interaction between individuals

and groups of people is called SOCIALISATIONrole modelling


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An attitude is directed towards anAttitudeObject

An object of an attitude could be a place, asituation or the behaviour of others.

Can you give an example of this??


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Attitudes can bring about false perceptions

Prejudice is a prejudgement arising from an

evaluation based on inadequate informationand can be negative prejudice or positiveprejudice (read p204)


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Attitude prejudice could reduce the possibility ofa young person participating in sport. This couldoccur in 2 ways...

1 Prejudice could be directed towards sport ingeneral

2 The young person maybe discouraged by beingthe victim of prejudice.

With prejudice in mind, another definition ofattitude is...

An attitude is a predisposition to act in acertain way towards some aspect of the personsenvironment including other people

(Mednick)


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Give 5 reasons why people may have apositive attitude towards sport and physicalactivity.

Give 5 reasons why people may have anegative attitude towards sport and

physical activity.


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With reference to positive and negativeattitudes give examples of when thefollowing groups attitude might affecttheir amount of sports participation.

1. Children2. Women3. Athletes

4. Teachers/coaches5. General attitudes to Women in Sport


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1. Children attitudes towards school PE lessons2. Women attitudes on the availability of sport

opportunities in the area3. Athletes attitudes towards training4. Teachers/coaches

attitudes to the physical and intellectualabilities of children5. General attitudes to women in sport attitudes towards peoples negative

stereotyping of them


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1. Beliefs this is the cognitiveelement the knowledge andbeliefs held about the attitudeobject i.e. fitness training

2. Emotions this is the

affective element the positiveor negative feelings and emotionstowards the attitude object i.e.enjoyment of training

3. Behaviour- this is the behavioural

element the intended behaviourtowards the attitude object i.e.attending training sessions regularly


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The Triadic model of attitudesCognitive Affective - Behavioural


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Cognitive: reflects our beliefs, knowledge, thoughts, ideas andinformation we have regarding an attitude object. E.g. based oninformation received from our parents and PE lessons we maythink swimming is good in terms of health and safety

Identify some cognitive attitudes towards femalebody builders

What informs these attitudes?


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Behavioural: Involves our intended or actual behaviour towards anattitude object. This is often based on our first evaluation of thefirst two components. E.g. due to positive beliefs and experiencesabout swimming we do actually participate regularly.

Identify some behavioural responses to chocolateWhat may have informed these responses?


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Draw two versions of the triadic model for 2 differentsporting examples that you have completely

different responses to.


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Past Experiences

Parents

Teachers/Coaches

Friends / Peers

Media

Prejudice

Attitudes are mainly formed through experiences.

Socialisation: The process of mixing and relating to other people

ATTITUDE

Formation of Attitudes


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What is a stereotypical attitude?

Is one that leads the holder to expectpeople characterised as belonging to a

particular group to behave in a certain way.

Although stereotypes can be positive,negative stereotyping is one of the maincauses holding back certain groups ofpeople from sport.

What are 2 negative sporting

stereotypes?


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Boys are no good at dance type activities Strength activities are less suited to girls Most women football or rugby players are

gay Black people are no good at swimming White men cant jump!! White people are no good at sprinting


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Many people have talents that are as yetundiscovered or feel unable to express

themselves because of stereotyping

Although attitudes do not necessarypredict behaviour, they can certainly

influence it.


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Scales and/or Questionnaires

(knowledge, emotion and intended behaviour)

Observing behaviour over a long period of

time (behaviour)Taking physiological measurements

(emotions)


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Attitudes are learned or organisedthrough experience

Socialisation plays an important role in

attitude developmentAn attitude has three componentsCognitive, affective, and behaviouralAttitudes are evaluative, they lead us to

think and behave positively or negativelyabout the attitude objectAttitudes can be deep seated and

enduring but can change or be changed


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How attitudes are changed

Persuasive communication

Cognitive dissonance theory

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