pest and disease culture sheet

Pest & disease identification sheet

Common Name Ash white fly

Genus and Species Siphoninus Phillyreae

Description of pest or disease Adult: pale whitish with slightly mottled wingsPupae: white body with grayish bandsAdult size: 1mm-2mm

Type of plant/tree affected Pomegranates, apples, plums, pears, olives. Citrus, ash species, crepe myrtle, privot, magnolia, pyrus, buckthorn and hawthorn

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Wilting, leaf drop, reduction in fruit size & growth, sooty mould on sugary exudate

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Temperate and Mediterranean climates

How to detect pest or disease Swarm around a host and attacks hosts that other white flies don’t

Control methods Chemical and biological

Time of year that pest or disease is likely to be active

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECx x x x x x x x x

Chemical Controlendosulfan

dimethoate

Garlic spray


Common Name Brown Basket Lerp

Genus and Species Cardiaspina fiscella

Description of pest or disease Small fleshy insect about 3mm long, covered by a curved, white, waxy covering with an intricate pattern

Type of plant/tree affected Various Eucalyptus

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Yellow patched on leaves. Eventually leaves turn brown and the tree looks like if has been damaged in a bushfire. Trees that get repeatedly attacked may die.

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Tropical to temperate regions

How to detect pest or disease Leaves often messy with exudates, sooty mould and waxy secretions

Control methods Organic – water & fertilise to encourage new growthChemical – ensure that lerps are feeding before spraying with maldison and wetting agent


JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Chemical Control Maldison & wetting agent


Common Name Gumleaf skeletoniser

Genus and Species Uraba lugens

Description of pest or disease Caterpillars have horn on their head. Hairs from the caterpillar, which grow to about 25mm long can produce a severe reaction.

Type of plant/tree affected Blackbutt, Sydney blue gum, narrow leaf peppermint, river red gum, QLD brush box

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Yellow-brown marks where the caterpillar has eaten parts of the outer leaf

Conditions that favor pest or diseases

How to detect pest or disease Yellow-brown marks on leaves

Control methods Organic – prune off groups of leaves with eggs or small lavae on themChemical – spray with maldison



Chemical Control Maldison & wetting agent


Common Name Harlequin Beetle

Genus and Species Dindymus versicolor

Description of pest or disease About 12mm long and black and red in colour or black and reddish-orange.

Type of plant/tree affected Wide range of plants – including apples, figs, orange, grapes, rhubarb, melons, pumpkins, tomatoes, dahlias, violet

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity wilting

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Warm weather

How to detect pest or disease Wilting of plants, swarms of beetles

Control methods Organic – knock bugs into soapy waterChemical – spray with dimethoate, carbaryl or maldison


JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECx x x x x x x x

Chemical Control dimethoate

carbaryl

maldison


Common Name Longicorns beetle

Genus and Species

Description of pest or disease

Type of plant/tree affected

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity


How to detect pest or disease

Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Pear and Cherry Slug

Genus and Species Caliroa cerasi

Description of pest or disease Larvae are very dark green and slimy, about 10mm long, adults are glossy black sawflies about 8mm long

Type of plant/tree affected Hawthorns, crabapples, apples, quinces and both fruiting and flowering pears, cherries and plums

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Leaves appear to only be a network of veins with the outer layer of the leaf eaten


How to detect pest or disease Eaten appearance of leaves on tree.

Control methods Organic – hose of leavesChemical - carbaryl


JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECx x x x x x

Chemical Control carbaryl


Common Name Pink Wax Scale

Genus and Species Ceraplastes rubens

Description of pest or disease Adults are coveredin a hard, pink or grayish pink wax about 3mm long

Type of plant/tree affected All citrus, umbrella trees, custard apples, avocados, mangos, lilly pillies, hollies, magnolias, Pittosporum, ivy

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Honeydew is produced and health of plant fails

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Tropical, subtropical, warm temperate regions, mostly in humid coastal areas

How to detect pest or disease Appearance of the scale, decline in plant health, honeydew and sooty mould

Control methods Organic – white oilChemical - carbaryl



Chemical Control Carbaryl


Common Name Pittosporum leafminer

Genus and Species Phytoliriomyza pittosporphylli

Description of pest or disease Adult is a small fly about 3mm long, grub is what does the damage

Type of plant/tree affected Sweet pittosporum or native daphne

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Discoloured sunken splotches around the midrib of the leaf

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Temperate and subtropical areas

How to detect pest or disease Discoloured sunken splotches around the midrib of the leaf

Control methods Rarely necessary, spray with dimethoate





Common Name Lillypilly Psyllids

Genus and Species Trioza eugeniae

Description of pest or disease Small, hard pimple or bladder-like galls on the stems. The galls are usually bright red and growth distortion accompanies infection

Type of plant/tree affected Syzygium species

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Oval lumps on leaves

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Tropical or temperate regions

How to detect pest or disease Oval lumps on leaves or galls on stems

Control methods Chemical - dimethoate



Chemical Control Dimethoate


Common Name Spittle Bugs

Genus and Species Order: Hemiptera: Superfamily Cercopoidea

Description of pest or disease Nymphs protect themselves from drying out by producing wet, frothy material. Adults are about 10mm long

Type of plant/tree affected Eucalypts, wattles, sheoaks, bottlebrushes and a range of other plants including exotics

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Foam that the nymphs produce

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Tropical and temperate regions

How to detect pest or disease foam

Control methods Rarely necessary, but can be hosed off



Chemical Control nil


Common Name Steelblue sawfly

Genus and Species Perga dorsalis

Description of pest or disease Distinctly tapered grubs which grow to about 5cm long. They are black with white hairs and the lower abdomen curls like an elephant’s trunk. The adult is a large, colourful sawfly.

Type of plant/tree affected Eucalyptus

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Clusters of the grubs

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Temperate and subtropical regions

How to detect pest or disease Grubs on tree

Control methods Organic – prune off small branch that has grubs attachedChemical – spray the group and surrounding leaves with maldison



Chemical Control maldison


Common Name Termites

Genus and Species Order Isoptera

Description of pest or disease 4-10mm long, white or cream and soft bodied

Type of plant/tree affected Most trees. Most frequently: wattles, eucalypts, palms, umbrella trees and cassias

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Attack in standing trees often go unnoticed till a damaged branch fall. But some signs are loss of old branches, reduction of number of leaves in canopy. Sudden wilting and yellowing of leaves on a branch may indicate that termites are feeding on live wood


How to detect pest or disease As above

Control methods Organic – exposure to sunlightChemical – see a pest specialist



Chemical Control See pest specialist


Common Name Potato Moth

Genus and Species Phthorimanea operculella

Description of pest or disease Moths are small and active at night, so are rarely noticed. Lavae are small and creamy-white in colour

Type of plant/tree affected Potatoes, tomatoes, and various weeds

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Brown blisters on leaves


How to detect pest or disease Blisters on leaves

Control methods Organic – Problems with this pest is less likely if the soil has a high organic content and are well wateredChemical – Spray with dimethoate





Common Name Locust

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Gum leaf scale

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Piss Ants

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Aphid

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Birch Borer

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name D wasp that attacks pines

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Elm leaf beetle

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Powdery Mildew

Genus and Species

Description of pest or disease Fungi that appears as faint white spots on leaves. If the weather conditions are favorable these grow to cover the entire leaf surface. Adult leaves that are attacked retain their shape, but leaves that are young when attacked become distorted, eg edges curl or become puckered

Type of plant/tree affected Crepe Myrtle, hydrangeas, spindle trees, ajugas, oaks, photinias, sweet peats, zinnias

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity White or grayish fungal growth and white spores

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Moist or humid condition around leaves, dry soil/root conditions

How to detect pest or disease White powdery spots on leaves

Control methods Organic – improve ventilation or move tree to an area with more air flowChemical – wettable sulphur



Chemical Control wettable sulphur


Common Name Orange Bracket Fungus

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Rust

Genus and Species various

Description of pest or disease Appear as a small yellow patch on the upper surface of the leaf. Under each spot, on the lower surface of the leaf, a powdery pustule appears. The masses of spores are blown by the wind

Type of plant/tree affected Weeping willow, poplars, wheat, bean, carnation, peach, iris, rose and many other species

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Yellow patches on the leaves

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Damp, warm, stagnant conditions. Moisture film on leaves

How to detect pest or disease Yellow patches

Control methods Chemical – zineb or sulphur, oxycarboxin.



Chemical Control zineb

sulphur

oxycarboxin


Common Name Phytothera root rot

Genus and Species Phytophthora spp

Description of pest or disease Fungi that attacks the root hairs. Larger roots and stem base may follow

Type of plant/tree affected Eucalyptus, sweet gum, apple gum,

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Leaves yellow and die and branches die back from the tips. Examination of the roots will show very few fibrous roots present. Those that are will be dark and brittle instead of whitish

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Moist soils

How to detect pest or disease Yellowing leaves and branches dying

Control methods Organic – improve drainage, avoid overwatering. Remove and destroy affected treesChemical – drench area with furalaxyl


JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECx x x x x x x x x x x x

Chemical Control furalaxyl


Common Name Black root?

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Cypress canker

Genus and Species Seiridium spp

Description of pest or disease Fungal disease that causes the leaves to brown and die. Bark becomes roughened and cankers develop. Resin oozes from infected areas and tiny, black pycnidia appear. Cankers may ring stems

Type of plant/tree affected Cypress

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Browning of leaves, cankers developing

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Splits in bark or damaged areas that the infection can enter the tree,

How to detect pest or disease Die back of leaves, cankers, resin oozing

Control methods Remove affected trees


JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECx x x x x x x x x x x x

Chemical Control


Common Name Black spot

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Elm leaf disease

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Black sooty mould

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Crinkly leaf disease

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Leaf spot

Genus and Species Elsinoe tristania

Description of pest or disease Fungal disease which appears as spotsabout 20mm or more across and dull fawnish-yellow in colour

Type of plant/tree affected Lophostemon confertus

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Spots on leaves

Conditions that favor pest or diseases Poor growing conditions, extreme weather

How to detect pest or disease Spots on leaves

Control methods Organic – remove affected leaves



Chemical Control


Common Name Mistletoe (parasite)

Genus and Species

Description of pest or disease Parasitic plant that is spread by sticky seeds that are spread by birds. These germinate and root-like growths are sent down into the host tree. Over time if left unattended the host tree will die.

Type of plant/tree affected Eucalyptus are common host, but most species can be affected

Signs and symptoms of pest or disease activity Leaves are more fleshy than the host’s leaves and tend to hang down in bunches



Control methods Must be cut from tree.



Chemical Control


Common Name Pin spot disease

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Velvet tongue Fungus

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Diplodia Canker

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control


Common Name Giant Tinder Punk

Genus and Species






Control methods



Chemical Control

pest and disease culture sheet

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