pet grammar unit 14
TRANSCRIPT
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
1. "used to" + infinitive - "would" + bare infinitive
□ "used to" for habitual actions in the past (action and state verbs) "solía"[+] I used to walk to school.[- ] I didn't use to walk to school.[?] Did you use to walk to school?
□ "would" for repetitive actions in the past (ONLY action verbs) “solía” → Spanish "pretérito imperfecto." "-ía / -aba)
[+] I WOULD walk to school every day. (solía caminar … / iba caminando / caminaba …)
[- ] I WOULDN'T walk to school every day. [? ] WOULD you walk to school every day?
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FCEby Matifmarin.
1. Use (to) (used in the past tense) expresses that an activity was a past habit; it occurred at an earlier stage of life but not now. It focuses on the habit, not duration or frequency.
2. Would expresses that an activity was routine, typical behavior, frequently repeated (dynamic verbs only).
(both state and dynamic verbs can be used).
(a) I used to ride my bike every day when I was young.
(b) I would ride bike every day when I was young.
I would have a boat….
(c) I used to have a boat when I was younger.
BUT
I would have a boat one day, but now I can’t afford it.
Compare: With state verbs, the meaning is a wish (= the future)
PETby Matifmarin.
GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14
1. "used to" + infinitive - "would" + bare infinitive
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
1. "used to" + infinitive - "would" + bare infinitive
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
"Used to" and "Would" for Past habits and StatesExercise:
□ Fill in the blanks in the conversation with the correct forms of "used to" or "would". Use "would" if it is possible to do so.
A: Have you always lived in Sant Celoni, Maria?
B: No. In fact, I've only been here for a year. I _____________(1. live) in Santa Maria de Palau Tordera; it's a small town
near here. And when I was a little girl, from 1990 to 1994, my father was a visiting professor at the University of Gerona.
We ______________ (2. go) there every summer during those four years, and we _______________ (3. rent) a house
outside the city. My father ______________ (4. teach) his classes in the mornings and ____________us (5. take) on
outings in the afternoons. How about you? I know you live in Sant Celoni now, but _____________(6. you, not live) in Gerona?
A: Yes, we did when I was young. We also ____________ (7. have) a summer house in a small village near there. We don't
have it anymore, though. It's too bad, because I have some fond memories of the place. We _____________ (8. spend) a
month there in the early summer and another month in the winter. It was great for us children because we _____________ (9. not have to think) about school or homework for a whole month. I really miss that simple life in the country.
B: Me too. I'd like to go back to it.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
Answers:
1. used to live 2. would go 3. would rent 4. would teach5.would take6.didn't you use to live7. used to have 8. would spend9.wouldn't have to think
"Used to" and "Would" for Past habits and States
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
SOME MORE PRACTICE:
Complete the sentences: “used to” or “would” (use “would” when both are possible)
1. I ___________ be very fat in the past.
2. (she) _____________wear glasses? - Yes, she _____________but now she wears contact lenses.
3. My girlfriend ______________ play chess with me in the evenings but now she doesn't have time anymore.
4. I _____________ have a dog! I ____________ have a cat!
5. They _______________ go to the cinema every Sunday but now they watch films at home.
6. What (you) ________________________do at the weekends when you were younger?
"Used to" and "Would" for Past habits and States
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
Answers:
1. used to2. used to - used to3. would4. used to – didn’t use to5. would6. did you use to
"Used to" and "Would" for Past habits and States
LINK for you to see examples of stative and dynamic verbs: http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/stative-verbs.html
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2. Too and enough
□Too and enough indicate degree. They are used with adjectives. ● Too means more than what is needed.● Enough means sufficient.
- We can use too before an adjective. (It shows a negative opinion.)
● It’s too hot = It is very hot and I don’t like it.
- We can also use too before an adverb
●The teacher speaks too quietly. = He speaks very quickly and I don’t understand him.
● She is too old to dance in the disco.
Examples:
□Too:
GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
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- "Too" can come before a noun IF the adjectives many/much also come before the noun.
● I ate too much food. (food = uncountable noun, so we use "much")
● I ate too many sandwiches.(sandwiche = countable noun, so we use "many")
-We can also use too much after a verb.
2. Too and enough
● I ate too much.● Homer drinks too much.
GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
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□ Enough
● He is tall enough to play basketball.
- We write enough before a noun
e.g.: We have enough chairs in the classroom.
- But we write it after an adjective or verb.
● He works hard enough.
GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14
2. Too and enough
PETby Matifmarin.
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Sentences with enough are sometimes followed by to + verb infinitive.
● I’m not tall enough to reach the flower.
● I ‘m not rich enough to buy that car.
PETby Matifmarin.
GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14
2. Too and enough
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
2. Too and enough
EXERCISES 1. Fill in the correct word (too or
enough).
1. I left the coffee for a minute to cool because it was __________ hot to drink.
2. He wasn't strong _______ to lift that heavy box.
3. There aren't ________ policemen in our town.
4. Do you have ________ information to help me with this problem?
5. It is ________ difficult to do for a little child.
6. I do not have _________ much time to prepare dinner.
7. I didn't buy the car because it was ________expensive.
8. He didn't work hard ________to pass the exam.
9. My mum can't sleep because she drinks ________ much coffee.
10. She isn't old ________ to start driving.
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
2. Too and enough
Answer Key:
1. Too2. Enough3. Enough4. Enough5. Too6. Too7. Too8. Enough9. Too10. Enough
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
3. ORDER OF ADJECTIVES:Use of the mnemonic (N) O-S-A-SH-C-O-M (P) as aid to remember the order of adjectives:
(Number) Opinion - Size - Age - Shape - Colour - Origin - Material (Purpose)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A Fantastic small old rectangular green German cotton tablecloth
Two excellent big new sharping Spanish steel carving knives Ugly blue American synthetic running shoes
EXERCISE:Rewrite the sentences putting the adjectives in the correct order.
nr. opinion colour materialExample: He wore a shirt. (blue, denim, stylish) → He wore a stylish, blue, denim shirt. 1. The shop assistant put the gift into a bag. (brown, small, paper) _________________________________________________________________________ 2. They're showing a film at the cinema tonight. Do you want to go? (action, new) _________________________________________________________________________ 3. I’m going to a party tonight. I bought a dress to wear. (sexy, white, short) _________________________________________________________________________ 4. The man ran down a street to the police station. (long, narrow) _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Paul sang a song to his girlfriend. (slow, love) _________________________________________________________________________ 6. It was so nice to come in from the cold and eat a meal. (hot, delicious) __________________________________________________________________________
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GRAMMAR – UNIT 14GRAMMAR – UNIT 14PETby Matifmarin.
Answers:
1. in a small brown paper bag
2. a new action movie
3. a sexy short white dress
4. a long narrow street
5. a slow love song
6. a delicious hot meal
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