phase ii property assessment - ohio epaepa.ohio.gov/portals/30/vap/docs/training/2014 vap...phase ii...
TRANSCRIPT
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Phase II Property Assessment
OAC 3745‐300‐07
Certified Professional 8‐Hour Training
Sue Netzly-Watkins
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Phase II Property Assessment
• VAP is voluntary!• However, if you choose to go for a liability release, must follow rules.
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Ten Pillars of the VAP Phase II
1. Applicability2. Purpose3. DQO4. Sampling and analysis5. Data collection activities
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Ten Pillars (cont.)
6. Determinations7. Models8. Background9. Demonstration of compliance10. Phase II report
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Pillar 1: Applicability
• Complete a phase I prior to starting a phase II
• Eligibility for participation in VAP?
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Other Phase II Types• CERCLA • RCRA• UST (Leaking Underground Storage Tank Programs)
• ASTM • Lender requirements
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Goals when developing the Phase I and Phase II
• Applicable standards for the property
• Risk assessment• Remediation• Engineering and institutional controls
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Phase I leads to Phase II
..if a Phase I reveals …any reason to believe that a release of hazardous substances or petroleum has or may have occurred.. on the property.’
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Pillar 2: Purpose
‘.. to conduct an investigation sufficient to determine whether applicable standards are met ….
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Purpose (cont.)
• Or to determine that remedial activities meet or will achieve applicable standards
• Remedy can be conducted at anytime, without first deriving standards
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Pillar 3: Data Quality Objectives
• A road map to complete the Phase II• DQOs help clarify expectations for data collection
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Conceptual Site Model
• New rule requirement• Illustrates relationships between contaminants, transport media, and receptors and land use
• Provide final version for NFA Letter
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Final Phase II changes
• Process is iterative and heuristic • Phase I is primarily based on a review of the historical literature for the Property
• Understanding of the Property may change and Phase II must reflect this
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Pillar 4: Sampling and Analysis• Communication!• Know what data needs collected• Consult with field sampling team and the lab
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Certified Laboratories for data analysis
• Certified Labs are required for most analytical requirements
• These labs are certified for each particular method and not as a whole
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Certified Laboratories for data analysis (cont.)
• CP must ensure detection limits are low enough to meet applicable standards
• What to do if there is no CL for the COC? – see guidance
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Pillar 5: Data Collection Activities
• Collect sufficient data to assess all identified areas (IAs)
• Phase II rule outlines seven data collection activities
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First: Old data
• Prior Phase I findings• CL or other data collected during prior investigations
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Phase I update
• Review of chain of title• Property’s regulatory information• Land use information• Certified Professional inspection• See VAP guidance
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Previously acquired data
• All previous data available for CP review within the Phase I
• Confirmation samples must be taken to support determinations made through the use of ‘old’ data
• CL data, and at least 10% of the sample number confirmed
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Second: Physical characteristics• Stratigraphic units• Physical characteristics of soils• Regional aquifers and ground water zones
• Confining units• Recharge, discharge to surface water• Ground water gradients and flow direction
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Third: Identifying COCs in IAs
• Release identified in Phase I or• COC commonly used in activities conducted on property
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Fourth: Evaluating IAs
• IA dimensions can be adjusted during Phase II
• VAP guidance
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Fifth: Sampling Environmental Media
• The sampling must be reliable and representative for the media sampled
• Media ‐ soil, sediment, surface water, ground water, bedrock, soil gas and air
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Sixth: Current and reasonably anticipated land use & receptors• Residential vs. commercial/ industrial use
• Populations on and off of the property • Populations can include residents, visitors, commercial and industrial workers, construction workers, and ecological resources
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Pathway completeness determination
• Source area and affected media• Receptors and applicable points of compliance
• Transport mechanism• Illustrate in conceptual site model
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Seven: Collect data for background demonstration
• VAP site may be influenced by high naturally occurring metal concentrations
• Additional samples needed unless background study available
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Pillar 6: Determinations• Pathway completeness• Ground water (water zones, confining units, UPUS, classification, yield)
• Applicable standards for all COCs for each complete exposure pathway
• Identification of all COCs in each IA• Source areas• Pass‐through provision
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COCs
• Surface Water• Sediment• Soil• Ground Water
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Exposure Point Concentration• Wholly within the IA• Sufficient numbers to develop a representative data set
• Use of the 95% UCL• Minimum of three samples within the IA when a maximum bias is possible
• Incremental Sampling Technique
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95% Upper Confidence Limit (UCL)
The limit within a data set that represents the value at which, if random samples are taken from the data set, only 5% of these random samples would exceed the 95% UCL
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Determining the Ground Water Exposure Point Concentration
• Sampling methodology of appropriate quality
• Numbers and timing of sampling to address seasonal variations and geologic heterogeneity
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Determining sampling locations
• Location location location• Direction of flow• Plume size• Release date• Screening information
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Ground Water Sampling Techniques in the VAP
• Properly designed and installed monitoring wells• TGC document VA30007.09.012 indicates that direct push CANNOT be used for yield testing for classification
• But may be used for screening purposes and COC determinations
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Ground Water in the VAP
• Ground water is defined in 3745‐300‐01(A)
• One and one‐half gallons within eight hours and a hydraulic conductivity greater than 5.0 x 10‐6 centimeters per second
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Temporal and spatial considerations
• Location of highest ground water yield in the wells
• Hydraulic conductivity testing throughout site
• Testing throughout the year
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Determination of source areas
• Response requirements differ when a demonstration is made of off‐property sources to on‐property contamination of ground water
• See ground water rule
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Pillar 7: Models
• Ground water plume travel
• Indoor air concentration predictions
• Leach‐based modeling• Ground water to surface water modeling
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Model requirements
• Generally accepted and peer reviewed or code verified and scientifically valid
• Used in an appropriate and reasonable manner
• VAP guidance
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Site‐specific applicability
• Input parameters• Effect these inputs have on results
• Demonstration for which model being used
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Pillar 8: Background determination
• Demonstrating that COCs are found in concentrations at or below the native concentrations
• Background level becomes the applicable standard
• VAP background metals in soil studies
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Pillar 9: Compliance with Applicable Standards
• Conceptual Site Model• Data from assessment• Applicable standards are met or remedy necessary
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Points of compliance
• 10 feet for residential or unrestricted• 2 feet for industrial/commercial• construction activities variable – max depth of excavation activities
• Soil standards for leaching• Other pathways like vapor intrusion
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CP must verify
• Data meets DQOs• Models used according to Phase II rule• Statistical methods, multiple chemical adjustments appropriate
• Confirmatory sampling• Implement remedy if needed
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Pillar 10: Phase II Report
• Phase I with updates• Phase II Investigation Work Plan• Risk Assessment• Remedial activities and confirmation sampling
• Determination that applicable standards are met
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Phase II report template
• Legal description• Phase I and II dates and persons conducting• Amendments to Phase I• Limitations of Phase II• CSM
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Phase II report (cont.)
• Sampling procedures• Data collection activities• Background determinations• Models used• USD if used
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Phase II report (cont.)
• Risk assessment report if conducted• Remedial activities• How property complies with applicable standards
• Maps, cross‐sections• Bibliography and supporting documents
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