pheromones and animal behavior leslie vosshall june 2, 2008
TRANSCRIPT
Pheromonesand Animal Behavior
Leslie VosshallJune 2, 2008
http://njc.rockefeller.edu/VosshallBN08.php
http://njc.rockefeller.edu/VosshallBN08.php
June 9: Presentations (PDFs available June 5)
June 2: Lecture (PPT available online)
Jeff Liesch Andres Bendesky
$50
Tristram WyattPheromones
and Animal Behaviour
Suggested Reading
David Michael Stoddart The Scented Ape :
The Biology and Culture of Human Odour
$37
What do you look for in a perfect mate?1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.
What do you look for in a perfect mate?
1. Same species2. Opposite sex3. Sexually mature4. Still fertile5. Good social standing6. Good genes7. Alive8. Not a sibling9. Not a parent10.Receptive11.Available
The Problem
Nocturnalmoths
Formula for the perfect social signal:
1. Cheap to transmit2. Cheap to receive3. Discreet4. Selective5. Effective in the dark/barriers6. Long-range7. Long-lasting8. Easy homing/identification
VISUAL
AUDIO
CHEMICAL
cockroach sex pheromone
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
What is a Pheromone?
”defined chemical signal between members of the same species, eliciting a
particular behavior or physiological change...”
Broader Definition: Pheromones
”any chemical signal conveying information
between members of the same species”
Recognition of Individuals or Kin:Differences between signals essential
Pheromones Health and FitnessMate Choice/ Sexual Selection
Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic RelatednessSexual Maturation
Successful Fertilization (Aquatic Animals)Kin Recognition
Caste and Reproductive Status (Social Animals)Menstrual Synchrony
Maternal-Infant BondingInfant Suckling—Nipple Recognition
Dominance HierarchyAggression
Territory and Trail MarkingDeception (Plant->Animal)
Deception (Animal->Animal)Aggregation
Intruder Alarm
Semiochemicals: InfochemicalsPheromones
(Communcation within species) Both Sender + Receiver benefit
Allelochemicals: Between species
Kairomones: Receiver Benefits(Sender does not)
Synomones:Both Sender + Receiver Benefit
Allomones: Sender Benefits
(Receiver does not)
Primer Pheromones
Wyatt Book
Putative evolution of Pheromones
Wyatt Book
Pheromones – Odor Imprinting
Wyatt Book
Pheromones and behavior(phenomenology)
Silkmoth
Bombyxmori
Sex (Releaser) Pheromones
Mate Quality: Courtship Pheromones
hydroxydanaidal
monocrotalinepyrrolizidine
alkaloids
Wyatt Book
Marking Behavior-Mara rodent
Wyatt Book
Pheromones-Dominance Hierarchy
Dauer pheromones-C.elegans
High Density/Limiting Food
Alarm Pheromones
Marking Behavior-desert ant
Trail Marking-leaf cutter ant
Marking, Territorial Behavior-Badger
Wyatt Book
Mimicry: Pheromones Subverted for Deception
Australian orchid D. glyptodontraps male Z.Trilobatus wasps
Bolas spiders vs. moths
Mate Quality: MHC (mice)
Mate Quality: MHC (human)
Models for the MHC Effect
1. The MHC molecule hypothesis(MHC fragments in urine and sweat)
2. The peptide hypothesis (MHC peptide metabolites in urine)
3. The microflora hypothesis(MHC shapes allele-specific populations
of commensal microbes)4. The carrier hypothesis
(MHC carries volatile aromatics, including thoseproduced by bacteria)
5. The peptide-microbe hypothesis(MHC alters odor by restricting peptides available
to commensal bacteria)
MHC Class I Peptides as Chemosensory Signals in the Vomeronasal Organ Trese Leinders-Zufall et al. Science 306:1033-1037, 2004
Coolidge Effect(Remating with arrival of new potential mate)
Bruce Effect (Pregnancy block when exposed to foreign male)
Vandenbergh Effect(Males accelerate puberty in young females)
Whitten Effect(Males induce oestrus in adult females)
Lee-Boot Effect(Group-housed females show suppressed oestrus;
oestrus synchronized by contact with males)
Pheromone chemistry
Where do pheromones come from?
UrineSweatTearsOther glands…
James Auger MoMA
Pheromone-Producing Glands-Insects
Wyatt Book
Pheromone-Producing Glands-Mammals
Wyatt Book
Luo, Fee, and Katz,Science 299: 1196-1201, 2003
LuoKatzScience03.mov
E10E12Z14-16Al 11.3 E10E12E14-16Al 1.2 E10Z12-16Al 3.9 Z11-16Al 13.4 E11-16Al 6.8 Z9-16Al 0.8 16Al 15.7 Z11Z13-18Al 1.4 Z13-18Al 2.2 Z11-18Al 6.2 18Al 4.8
Manduca sexta female pheromone blend
Sex Pheromones
Wyatt Book
Mouse mammary pheromone(THE FIRST VERIFIED
MAMMALIAN PHEROMONE)Schaal et al., Nature 424, 68-72 ,
2003
Schaal et al., Nature 424, 68-72 , 2003
Encoding social signals in the mouse main olfactory bulb
(CHEMICAL CUES CAN BEEXTREMELY POTENT)
Lin et al., Nature 434:470-477, 2005
Lin et al., Nature 434, 470 - 477, 2005
Identification of protein pheromones that promote
aggressive behaviour. Chamero et al., Nature 450:899-902, 2007
Chamero et al., Nature 450:899-902, 2007
Chamero et al., Nature 450:899-902, 2007
Chamero et al., Nature 450:899-902, 2007
Chamero et al., Nature 450:899-902, 2007
bombykol
bombykal
The first chemically isolated pheromone(from 70,000 female silk moths; Butenandt, 1952)
Jeong et al., Nature 433:541, 2005.
(- )-6R-(3'R, 5'R-dihydroxy-6'S-methyltetrahydro-pyran-2'R-yloxy) heptanoic acid
C. elegans dauer pheromone
Pheromone reception(neural circuitry)
Olfaction vs.Pheromone Perception
(vertebrates)
Vomeronasal or Jacobson’s Organ (VNO)
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
The information from the V1Rs and V2Rs, which is processed separately in the AOB, converges in completely overlapping projections to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), bed nucleus of the
accessory olfactory tract (BAOT), medial amygdala (MeA) and the posteromedial cortical nucleus (PMCo) of the amygdala.
Olfaction vs.Pheromone Perception
(invertebrates)
MaleInsect
Antennae:Specialized toDetect FemalePheromones
In the fly brain, a few glomeruli in the antennal lobe are sexually dimorphic in size
Image taken from Kondoh et al. (2003)
Datta et al., Nature 452:473-477, 2008
Pheromone receptors
OdorantReceptors
(vertebrate)
PheromoneReceptors
(vertebrate)
V1R: expressed with Gαi and TRP2
V2R: expressed with Gαo and TRP2 (and MHC M10)
PheromoneReceptors
(invertebrate)
bombykol
bombykal
=come to me
=go away
Nakagawa et al., Science 2005
Nakagawa et al., Science 2005
Ha and Smith, Cell 133:761-763, 2008
??
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Pheromone reception(humans)
Sequential Sensory Decisionsin Sexual Courtship:
Correct Species?Correct Gender?
Sexually Receptive?
Other Quality Control Criteria (usually monitored by Females)
Size?Strength?
Other indicators of good “gene pool”?
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Kin recognition-family member vs. partner
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Kin recognition-partner vs. stranger
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Kin recognition-mother/child
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Menstrual synchrony
Stern & McClintockNature 1998 392:177
”Realm, the fragrances with human pheromones. Only Realm adds this extra dimension of human Pleasure.
Awaken your sixth sense. Experience REALM. Contains human pheromones.”
Realm Men by RealmPheromone for Men
Realm Pheromones Women by RealmPheromone for Women
Active Ingredient: androstenone (pig pheromone)
”The 6 benefits of scientific matching
Chances are increased that you’ll love the natural body fragrance of your matches.
You have a greater chance of a more satisfying sex life.
Women tend to enjoy a higher rate of orgasms with their partners.
Women have a much lower chance of cheating in their exclusive relationships.
Couples tend to have higher rates of fertility.
All other things being equal, couples have a greater chance of having healthier children with more robust immune systems”
www.scientificmatch.com
Cheek swab and $1995
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/23111666#23111666
Please contact me if you have any questionsabout my lecture.Leslie Vosshall [email protected] 2, 2008