Phil Anderson (1972) "More is Different".

limitations of “representative individual” “mean field” / continuum / linear way of thinking

-conceptual gaps between various disciplines. - accompanying mysteries connected to the nature of life, intelligence, culture

-arise exactly when "More Is Different".

life emerges from chemistry, chemistry from physics, conscience from life, social conscience/ organization

from individual conscience etc.

The Microscopic Representation Method.

MICRO - the relevant microscopic degrees of freedom        

INTER - their fundamental interactions        

MACRO - the macroscopic emerging collective objectsIntrinsically interdisciplinary:

-Micro belongs to one science

-Macro to another science

-Mechanisms: statistical mechanics (?) phase transitions, scale invariance, spontaneous symmetry breaking etc

At 1000 C nothing special happens to one or two H2O molecules! or 100 or 1000!

How come that 1 Kg of them behave so dramatically?

- Microscopic Customers and Macroscopic Sales     

MICRO – Customers, products / ideas / information    

INTER – purchase, inform, learn, hear-say

MACRO – global trends, waves of sales (e.g. Tamaguchi), hits, flops, market fluctuations, anomalous diffusion

demarketing

Percolation transition

From non-sales at all to a lot of sales

Infinitely sharp at infinite size system

ALSO: effects of

Expectations Adaptation

Self tunning to criticality

Fractal fluctuations

and correlations

ALSO: effects of

Expectations Adaptation

Fractal space-time fluctuationsProduct Success prediction (15/ 17)

Resistance

Resistance

Resistance

Resistance

“ANTI-Percolation”

Antivirus

Parallel Networks

Consumption;

home

Expectations

work

- Microscopic Investors and Macroscopic Crashes /Power Laws         

MICRO - Investors, individual capital ,shares        

INTER - sell/buy orders, gain/loss         

MACRO - social wealth distribution, market price fluctuations (cycles, crushes, booms, stabilization by noise)

-Microscopic Concepts and Macroscopic Ideas

MICRO - concepts, connections between concepts

INTER - creating/deleting/activating connections between concepts

- Microscopic Seers and Macroscopic Sight

MICRO - motion visual sensors for points and line elements.

INTER - time and space  local data integration.

MACRO - Perception of 3 Dimensional global structure.

- Microscopic Picassos and Macroscopic Drawings

MICRO - local line / motion features, mental states, mental eventsINTER - line breaks and mind events(changes) vs line/mind inertia.MACRO - drawing shapes, emergence of representational meaning  - Microscopic Doctors and Macroscopic Health

MICRO  - Cells, Enzimes, Antigens, Antibodies          INTER  - producing, destroying, changing state of a cell/enzime,          MACRO  - immunity, health, infection, sickness, inflamation. -Microscopic Drivers / police and Macroscopic Jams

MICRO - carsINTER - go ahead/give way at intersections.MACRO - traffic flow, jamming; self-organization; useless police

Microscopic Grimm Brothers and Macroscopic Stories

MICRO – persons, relationsINTER – change in relations ; actingMACRO –plot, story, meaning

Copy a gene to another location

Gene network

Internet network

browse

link

Microscopic Investors and Macroscopic Crashes

M. Levy, H. Levy and S. Solomon,

Economics Letters 45 (1994) 103-111.

9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.53750

3800

3850

3900

3950

4000

4050

4100

Fundamentalists believe the market will eventually revert to the fundamental price.

Hence, the price they offer will be determined by:

)(* lfundamentamarketmarketorder PPkPP

Chartists, believe in trends they. The simplest choice for short times is a linear extrapolation

tt

tPtPttrtPtP marketmarket

marketorder0

000

)()())(1()()(

Noise-traders are making “random” offers at a price randomly distributed around the current price.

)1,1( RANDOMsPP marketorder

L.Muchnick and S.Solomon

Physica Scripta, in press

Stock market shock explained

Physicists model recent trading frenzy.

1 October 2002

Market makersMarket 'spikes' are seen by traders as freak events.

Physicists expect them, Thursday October 3, 2002  

Newton (after loosing 20 K Pounds in stock market) “I can calculate the motions of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people.“

Levy, Solomon and Levy's Microscopic Simulation of Financial Markets points us towards the future of financial economics." Harry M. Markowitz, Nobel Laureate in Economics

Creative Sparks

Jacob Goldenberg, David Mazursky, and Sorin Solomon Science 285: 1495-1496, 1999;

Creativity in Advertising

Symbols set:

Fireman-sheet Air-bagSprings

Nike - Air Protection

Product space

Sidewalk

Foot

Sneaker a sneaker-shaped fireman-sheet

?

Figure 2b: General scheme underlying the replacement version of the pictorial analogy template

Symbols set

Symbol 1 Symbol 2 Symbol 3

Product Message

Product space

P1

P2

P3 Matching by a linking operator

?

P4

Communication at the speed of sound

NY Times

Herald Tribune

Examples of Replacement computer produced ideas

       Image of Apple Computer Terminal/ handing of Flowers (for advertising Apple computers friendliness)

       Texture of Tennis Ball / Temple Mountain Mosque (for advertising World Cup Tennis Tournament in Jerusalem).

       Shape of Plane/ Coo-coo in Coo-coo Clock (for advertising the time accuracy of a flight company).

       Picture of Jeeps/ Speaking in Sign Language (for silent car engine) shape of car/ bullet (for fast car).

 

Table 2: Idea Ratings for the Four SourcesCreativity Ratings Mean S.D.Winning Ads 3.26 .49Magazine Ads 2.88 .55Routine-Generated Ads 2.89 .48Laymen-Generated Ads 2.22 .43 

Originality Ratings Mean S.D.Winning Ads 3.33 .55Magazine Ads 2.85 .58Routine-Generated Ads 2.89 .54Laymen-Generated Ads 2.22 .46

What Are Stories Made Of? Quantitative Categorical Deconstruction of Creation Y. Stolov, M. Idel, S. Solomon, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 11 (2000) 1 ;

EVENT EVENT NO EVENT TOTAL DENSITY

but and NO LINK LENGTH

NO LINK LINK

RAVEN 9 8 1 1652 0.7 %

PRINCESS 12 3 1312 1.4 %

(Lost Princess story has no end)

21 commentators, 29 events

Ordered in nr of commentators.

Highest one diagonal was only rank 14

Only one non-link below it.

Testing the Turing Test

Do Men pass it?

Method:• Doing the imitation game not between human and computer

but between a man and a womanbetween a man and a woman.

• Interrogator: needs to discover who is the man and who is the woman. Turing said – can be of either sex

• Woman: Aim to help the interrogator.• Man: Aim to fool the interrogator.

Turing himself talks about imitation game between man and woman!

Losing All Battles and Wining the War

HIV time hierarchy:

U Hershberg, Y Louzoun, H Atlan and S Solomon Physica A: 289 (1-2) (2001) pp.178-190 ; http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/nlin.AO/0006023

A = antigens (virons)

B = cells of the immune system

i = index of the particular characteristic shape of virus/immune cell

Ai Ai 1 Virons can mutate (actually in a n-dim space)

Ai+B* Ai Immune cells of any type are destroyed

when infected by viruses of any type

Ai+Bi Ai+Bi+Bi Immune cells multiply when they meet

virons with complementary shape to theirs

Ai Ai+Ai Virons multiply

Bi+Ai Bi Virons are destroyed when detected by

immune cells of complementary shape

New strains appear and are destroyed within weeks.

Many new small strains accumulate and destroy many immune system cells. The system collapses

The strains of the first invasion are completely wiped out

REALITY

SIMULATION

Image Speed and assumption x~y~zNOTImage Speed and acceleration(3 times formulae)

LOST of 3D rigidity

feeling

3D rigidity perception insenstive to large up to x2 deformations

Vision Research 35 (1995) 463-476.