philippine-china relations

8/18/2019 Philippine-China Relations

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ContemporaryPHILIPPINE - CHINARelationsFlores, Jennifer Gayle GPS 264


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OUTLINE OF THE REPORT

• Short background: Relations until WW2

• Post-WW2 Nation-Building Period

• Establishment of Formal Relations

• Post-Cold War and Ne World !rder

• Contem"orar# P$-CN Relations

• Conclusion


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Relations %ntil WW2

• Pre-colonial "eriod as characteri&ed b#

strong trade, strong cultural people-to-peopleties.

• 'he struggle for inde"endence against S"ainand the %nited States did not onl# a(ect theChinese in the Phili""ines but had indirectin)uence on China*s histor#+,


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.iang Chi-chao/ 01merica/ the Phili""ines/ Englands Battles and

their Relation to China3

4'he Phili""ines/ in e5icting the S"aniardsand 6ghting the 1mericans/ is the5anguard of the struggle for inde"endencein 1sia+ 'he 5ictor# of the Phili""ines illalso hel" us/ the #ello race/ in our 6ght

and "ut fear in the hearts of the hite race++++ 'he Phili""ine inde"endence isatched closel# b# the Chinese becauseits in)uence on China ill be great++3


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Revolutionary Linkages• 7n 8une ,99/ ;ariano Ponce r+ Sun ?at Senin ?okohama and solicited his assistance inac@uiring militar# arms in their 6ght against the1mericans/ to hich Sun ?at Sen res"onded"ositi5el#/ e5en sending members of hisre5olutionar# "art# to hel"+,

•

1guinaldo as likeise knon to ha5e su""ortedChinese struggle/ gi5ing Sun ?at Sen ,AA/AAA

8a"anese #en and o(ering to hel" initiate China*sarmed struggle after the Phili""ines achie5edinde"endence+,


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Relations during WW2• >uring 8a"anese occu"ation of ;anila/ ethnic

Chinese in the Phili""ines su(ered atrocities underthe ne coloni&ers+ 'he# ere made to "a# fortheir su""ort in the Sino-8a"anese con)ict+

• Ethnic Chinese oined the underground and formedse5eral guerilla units/ oined the Phili""ine arm#against the 8a"anese+,

• 4'he ar fought b# the ethnic migrant Chineseand indigenous Fili"ino against 8a"an ser5ed as acatal#st for the formation of the Chinese - Fili"inoidentit#+32


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• 1fter ,/ factionalism in China resumed ande5en in the Phili""ines/ the# ere di5ided intoPro-Duomintang and Pro-Communist grou"s+

• 'he# ere "ercei5ed as 4agents ofcommunism3 from ;ainland China+


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Post-WW2 Nation

Building• 'he Re"ublic of China


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• !n 'aian*s recognition: P$ go5*t did not initiall#

take an anti-communist stance/ but as "ressuredb# the %S and 'aian to recognise 'aian as thelegitimate re"resentati5e of China+

• Dorean War: P$ allied itself ith %S against PRC

and North Dorea+

• ;utual >efense 'reat# ith the %S


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Establishment of Formal

Relations• 7n ,G/ Pres+ ;arcos began eI"loring the

idea to o"en u" to socialist countries to

eI"and trade "artners and not be de"endenton traditional markets/ but also for securit#reasons+,

•

Relations ith Beiing as not from anideological change of heart but for realistconsiderations+


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Ferdinand ;arcos/ S!N1 ,

40We in 1sia must stri5e toard a modus

5i5endi ith Red China+ 7 reiterate thisneed/ hich is becoming more urgenteach da#+ Before long/ Communist Chinaill ha5e increased its striking "oer a

thousand fold ith a so"histicated deli5er#s#stem for its nuclear ea"ons+ We must"re"are for that da#+ We must "re"are toco-eIist "eaceabl# ith Communist China+

03


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• 'he strategic en5ironment as changing fast+

;arcos/ along ith other 1SE1N leaders/o"ted to "ursue a "olic# of neutralit# for theregion/ that is/ to be free from theinter5ention and in5ol5ement of the

ideological su"er"oers+

• 7n ,G,/ Beiing had re-assumed its seat as a"ermanent member of the %N Securit#Council+

• Washington ceased to isolate Beiing andBeiing o"ened u" to Washington+


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• 7n ,G2/ Benamin 4Doko#3 Romualde&/brother of 7melda ;arcos/ started secret 5isits

to China+ 'his "a5ed the a# for oJcialdi"lomatic relations beteen P$ and PRC+

• 7n ,G/ 7melda ;arcos herself ent toBeiing+


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• On June 9, 1975, Marcos and Premier Zhou Enlaisigned a joint communique normalizing relationsbetween Manila and Beijing.

• 'his meant a dongrade in P$*s relation ith 'aian+

• 'he decision to recogni&e Beiing as "art of an

eI"licit foreign "olic# shift undertaken b# the;arcos go5ernment/ not to limit oursel5es itheIclusi5e bilateral relations ith the %S but tostrengthen ties ith other countries+


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Domestic imperative for the normalisation of

ties with Beijing:

• PRC*s membershi" to %N Securit# Council

• ,GK !il Crisis

• %S-China o"ened relations

•

P$*s 1nti-communism cam"aign

• Proection of 4Non-alignment3


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• China*s changing orld5ie: 1fter the internal"oer struggles folloing the death of ;aoLedong in ,G/ reformist leaders gained theu""erhand+ 7n ,G9/ >eng iao"ing

announced a 4strategic shift3 in the directionof China*s economic de5elo"ment "olic#+

• ,9As: P$ "olitical turmoil did not allo the

countr# to take full ad5antage of China*seconomic liberali&ation+


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F7RS' 2A ?E1RS !F P$-CN Relations


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Fast Facts

• 2AAH as declared as the golden age of "artnershi"+

• 7n 2A,A/ PR China as P$*s Krd largest trading"artner/ th to" foreign "artner in5estor and thsource of tourist+

• ,GH-,H: ,AA bilateral agreements

• Bilateral trade: ,GH G2+2;= to 2A,2 K+KG B=

• ;arked ith to" le5el state 5isits

• Established mechanisms for bilateral talks andconsultations


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Contemporary PH-CN

Relations• 4Slee"ing dragon3 image: 7deological

di(erences and shar" di(erences in the

"olitical di(erences in the Cold War resultedto a generalisation of man# Fili"inos thatChina is at least a "otential threat


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One!hina "olicy

• ;anila sought Beiing*s understanding to maintainunoJcial relations ith 'aian as it is close to thePhili""ines geogra"hicall#/ related historicall#/ and"resented economic o""ortunities to the countr#+

• 7n Cor# 1@uino*s administration/ there as a mo5eto re5isit P$*s !ne China Polic# in fa5or of 'aian+

•

P$*s de5astated econom# and 'aian*s "romise ofin5estments made the Phili""ines 5ulnerable to 'aian*s challenge of the !ne-China "olic#+

• 7n the end/ Phili""ines still chose PRC+


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#erritorial Disputes

• 7ncrease in economic "oer M increasedasserti5eness in reclaiming territories

• ,H - !ccu"ation of ;ischief Reef in theS"ratl# 7slands

• Fishing in P$*s EIclusi5e Economic Lone

• Presence of PRC Na5al essels in ;ala#anarea


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Sources: .eft


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• 7n ,H/ a bilateral code of conduct as established+

4the dis"ute shall not be alloed to a(ect the normalde5elo"ment of relations/ and should be settled in a"eaceful and friendl# manner/ through consultations and

on the basis of e@ualit# and mutual res"ect+ 7t alsocommitted both sides to undertake con6dence- building

measures/ and to "ursue s"eci6c forms of coo"erationuntil the dis"utes are e5entuall# resol5ed+ 7t eI"ressed adesire to coo"erate for the "rotection and conser5ation ofmaritime resources/ and stated that the dis"ute should besettled b# countries directl# concerned ithout "reudice

to freedom of na5igation in the South China Sea+Furthermore/ ;anila and Beiing agreed to settle the

dis"ute in accordance ith the %nited Nations Con5entionon the .a of the Sea


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• 7n ,/ P$ and PRC established bilateralconsultati5e mechanisms to eI"lore a#s ofcoo"eration in the South China Sea+

• Fisheries

• ;arine En5ironment Protection

• Con6dence Building ;easures


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'he role of 1SE1N

• 'he Phili""ines has come to considerabl# rel#on 1SE1N for its di"lomac# ith China ithregards to dis"uted islands+

• China/ on the other hand/ sa 1SE1N asbene6cial for creating and strengthening a

multi"olar orld order+


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Source: 'he >i"lomat


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Some other strains:

• Rizal park hostage crisis (2010) - 8 died, many injured;no apologies from the PH govt

• Shooting of a Taiwanese fisherman by the Philippine

coast guard (2013) - PH issued an apology

• Request of PH govt to stop execution of drug muleswere not heeded (2013)

• OFWs in Hong Kong

• Corruption cases involving Chinese companies (ZTEbroadband deal)


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Conclusion• 4Possibl# the greatest foreign "olic# challenge for

China in the Post-Cold War era is to rise to great"oer status that ill ensure "eace rather thaninstabilit#/ mutual bene6t rather than hegemon#+3


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Conclusion

• Phili""ine foreign "olic# should mature to ale5el that e ha5e a coherent and strategic

foreign "olic#/ and not changing according to"olitical leadershi"+

• P$-CN relations should not be constrained b#

territorial dis"utes but should still be guidedb# economic coo"eration/ "eace andharmon#+


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References,+ Ba5iera/ 1+ S+ P+

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