phoenix’s urban forest - apwaright tree, right place age and size 30% family, 20% genus, 10%...
TRANSCRIPT
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Phoenix’s Urban Forest
Rises Up to Meet Municipal Challenges
Richard Adkins, Forestry SupervisorCity of Phoenix
Dana Karcher, Market Manager Western RegionDavey Resource Group
What is the Urban Forest in the Desert Southwest?
• The collection of trees growing with our city.
• All vegetation, public and private.
• The human - forest interface.
• A keystone for urban living.
• A component of green infrastructure.
• A process rather than a goal.
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Urban Forestry projects in Phoenix
• Tree and Shade Master Plan• Tree Inventory
• Urban Forest Resource Analysis
• Urban Tree Canopy Assessment
• Cool Urban Spaces Project
• Southwest Forests Air Quality i-eco study
• Sustainability is the ability to maintain ecological, social and economic benefits over time.
• Urban Forest sustainability requires diversity of tree species as well as diversity of maturity.
Right Tree, Right PlaceAge and size30% Family, 20% Genus, 10% Species
Sustainability and Diversity
Tree InventoryTop Ten Species in City of Phoenix
Vacant space 11.6%Prosopis spp. Mesquite 10.1%Parkinsonia florida Palo verde 6.4%Pinus halepensis Pine 5.8%Parkinsonia praecox Palo brea 5.4%Fraxinus spp. Ash 4.6%Ulmus parvifolia Evergreen elm 4.4% Dalbergia sissoo Indian Rosewood 4.1%Washingtonia filifera California Fan palm 3.8%Acacia stenophylla Shoestring acacia 3.1%Washingtonia robusta Mexican Fan palm 3.1%
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Tree InventoryTop Ten Species in City of Phoenix
Parks Traffic Arterials
Pinus halepensis Vacant siteProsopis spp. Parkinsonia floridaVacant site Dalbergia sissooUlmus parvifolia Prosopis spp.Parkinsonia florida Acacia stenophyllaFraxinus spp. Chilopsis linearisWashingtonia filifera Acacia aneuraParkinsonia microphylla Parkinsonia praecoxOlea europaea Ulmus parvifoliaDalbergia sissoo Washingtonia robusta
Valuation Examples
Street Landscape medians:• 10,600 trees, palms, tall cacti• Appraised replacement value @ $5.4 M
Encanto Park:• 1760 trees and palms• Appraised replacement value @ $6.1 M• Annual benefit value @ $75.7 K
Trees in street landscape/parks/facilities:• 92,916 trees• $7.8 M annual benefit to the community.
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Citywide Land Cover
Urban Tree Canopy Assessment
Cool Urban Spaces Project
• NOAA-funded grant to the Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) and ASU’s Decision Center for a Desert city and Center for Integrated Solutions to Climate Challenges.
•Assessment of Heat Mitigation strategies:
– What are the benefits of increasing tree canopy to 25%?
– What are the benefits of implementing cool roofs, coat 70,000 sq. ft. of existing rooftops with reflective paint?
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Cool Urban Spaces Project
Middel et al.
• Urban form and the arrangement and type of trees impact cooling benefits.
• At the neighborhood scale:
• Cool roofs provide a daytime cooling benefit of 0.3 C (0.5 F).
• An increase in canopy cover to 25% will in daytime cooling up to 2.0 C (3.6F).
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Trees and Air Quality
• Trees remove air pollution by interception of Particulate Matter on plant surfaces and absorption of gaseous pollutants through the leaves.
• Most benefit occurs in rural areas, but greatest health impacts/values are in urban areas.
• Trees remove substantial amounts of pollutants and can produce health benefits across the nation.
Nowak et al., 2014
Project Partners
• USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry (funder)
• New Mexico State Forestry• Arizona State Forestry• Texas A&M Forest Service• City of Phoenix• City of El Paso• City of Las Cruces• City of Albuquerque• Davey Resource Group
Key Findings Phoenix, AZ El Paso, TX Las Cruces, NM Albuquerque, NM
Number of Trees (est.) 3,166,000 1,281,000 257,000 1,504,000
Number species samples 60 50 36 76
Land Area519 sq. mi.
332,160 acres
256 sq. mi.
163,840 acres
76 sq. mi
48,640 acres
181 sq. mi.
115,840 acres
Project Area 384.5 sq. mi.
246.064 acres
158.2 sq. mi.
101,238 acres
44.0 sq. mi.
28,171 acres
132.2 sq. mi.
84,626 acres
Tree Cover 9.0% ‐ 12.9 trees/acre 5.1% ‐ 12.7 trees/acre 3.7% ‐ 9.1 trees/acre 13.3% ‐ 22.2 trees/acre
Most Common SpeciesVelvet mesquite 8.3%
California palm 7.5%
Sweet acacia 6.7%
Italian cypress 25.8%
Afghan pine 10.8%
Mexican fan palm 7.3%
Desert willow 18.0%
Italian cypress 15.8%
Afghan pine 11.8%
Siberian elm 24.6%
Desert olive 5.6%
Desert willow 5.3%
Percentage of trees less than 6"DBH 44.8 53.4 64.3 59.9
Pollution Removal1770 tons/year
($5.67 million/year)
318 tons/year
($247 thousand/year
92 tons/year
($235 thousand/year)
366 tons/year
($1.1 million/year)
Carbon Sequestration35,400 tons/year
($2.52 million/year)
7,430 tons/year
($529 thousand/year)
1,580 tons/year
($112 thousand/year)
9,710 tons/year
($692 thousand/year)
Carbon Storage305,000 tons
($21.7 Million)
92,800 tons
($6.61 million)
17,800 tons
($1.26 million)
226,000 tons
($16.1 million)
Avoided Carbon Emissions $2.96 million/year $384 thousand/year $75 thousand/year $448 thousand/year
Oxygen Production 89,200 tons/year 14,100 tons/year 3,290 tons/year 21,300 tons/year
Building Energy Savings $22.9 million/year $2.7 million/year $563 thousand/year $3.31 million/year
Avoided Stormwater Runoff91,700,000 cu ft
($6.11 million/year)
32,867,000 cu ft
($2.19 million/year)
898,000 cu ft
($59.8 thousand/year)
51,386,000 cu ft
(3.42 million/year)
Replacement Values$3.82 billion
($1,207/tree)
$1.02 billion
($796/tree)
$205 million
($798/tree)
$1.93 billion
($1,283/tree)
Project Summary
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Health Values
Environmental Benefits
Mapping and Analysis Program
(BenMAP)
• Estimates the health impact and economic benefits for changes in air quality.
• Ozone, SO2, NO2 PM2.5 and PM10
Annual Pollution Removal and Value for Phoenix
Projects Lead to Sustainability
• Process• Tree Inventory
• Urban Forest Resource Analysis
• Urban Tree Canopy Assessment
• Cool Urban Spaces Project
• Southwest Forests Air Quality i-eco study
• Outcomes
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Strategic Planning for
Urban Forests
Adaptive Management
What do you want?
How do you get there?
Is it working?
What do you have?
The more you know…
• Care
• Buy-in
• Success!
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What do you have: RESEARCH
• Ordinances• Staff• Planning Documents• External Documents• And the list goes on…
What do you have/want: OUTREACH
Internal
External
Internal Outreach
•What do you want to find out?
•Alignment with city goals
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External Outreach
•What do you want to find out?
• Alignment with city goals
• Who is the problem?
• Who has the solution?
External Outreach
•Meetings
•Surveys
•Interviews
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(End) Result
•Getting there
• Road Map
• Funding
The “F” word• Project• Program• On-going sources
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The Tree and Shade Master Plan“An investment strategy for a healthier, more livable and
prosperous Phoenix”
http://www.phoenix.gov/parks/parks/urban-forest
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Benefits of Trees: Solution MultipliersA low risk, high-yield investment for the community
• Water quality, storm runoff
• Air quality, carbon sequestration
• Energy costs
• Property values
• Business
• Community safety and livability
Average ROI of $2.23 in the Phoenix area McPherson et al, 2004
Benefits of TreesHuman Health and Well-being
• Livable communities
• Building community attachment and meaning
• Wellness, active living, healing, mental health
• Lowering crime, area safety
• Street safety
• Education and learning
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Right Tree Right Place
• Poor planting choices lead to problems and expense years after installation (maintenance/removal/replacement).
• Poorly pruned trees to “fit” the location.
• Select for establishment and natural growth and development.
• Design with mature plant development in mind.
• Remember root development, not just branches.
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Urban Forest Sustainability
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Sustainable Design Concepts
• Education and outreach coordination for new capital and development projects.
• Review Zoning and Development standards.
• Ordinance and city code review and enforcement.
• Citywide departmental communication.
• Continued maintenance training and acceptance of BMP’s citywide.
Neighborhood Services, Street Transportation, Parks and Recreation, Public Works, Planning, Zoning and Historic Preservation.
8 Historic Preservation.23-32 Encroachment of trees, shrubs or bushes prohibited.24-37 Vandalism in a City Park.27-13 Unobstructed passage in streets and alleys.27-16 Responsibility for streets, alleys, and sidewalks.31-10 Removal of debris, rubbish, weeds, overgrown or dead
vegetation and other unhealthy or unsafe conditions on streets, alleys and sidewalks.
31-13 Obstructing visibility at intersections.39-7 Exterior premises and vacant land.34 Trees and vegetation.
Tree and Landscape Ordinances
Public relations
Communication
Partnerships
Education
http://www.phoenix.gov/parks/parks/urban-forest
Information and Education
Informed citizens and
policy makers
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Information and Education
Questions?
Thanks for your
Attention!
Richard [email protected]
Dana [email protected]