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Photogrammetry- 1839 Niepce & Daguerre, Paris

Invention of Photography- 1850 Laussedat, Paris, Mapping by

Photos- 1857 Meydenbauer, Photogrammetry- 1907 Eduard Dolezal, Austrian Society

of Photogrammetry- 1909 German Section- 1910 International Society of

Photogrammetry- 1913 ISP Congress in Vienna- 1950 Schermerhorn ITC

Albrecht Dürer, 1471 -1528, Perspective Drawing Device

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Daguerre,Paris

Invention ofPhotography

1839

Aimé Laussedat,Colonel of French Army

use of photographyfor mapping fromthe roofs of Paris

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BalloonPhotography

in theUS Civil War

1862

SebastianFinsterwalder

Professor of Mathematics

TechnicalUniversity ofMunich

1887-1888TerrestrialPhotogrammetricSurvey of theVernagt GlacierAustia

1899 -1902AnalyticalRestitution oftwo BalloonImages (Gars amInn)

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Carl Pulfrich,Calr Zeiss, Jena

Inventor ofStereocomparator1901

Introduction ofPhotogrammetrySummer Courses

Eduard Dolezal,Professor,TechnicalUniversity of Vienna

Founder of theAustian Society for Photogrammetry1907

Founder of theInternationalSociety forPhotogrammetry1910

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Max Gasser, Founder of Reinhard Hugershoff, Prof. atthe German Society for Technical University Dresden, Photogrammetry, 1909 mechanical restitution deviceInventor of the „Multiplex“ 19191915 (optical analog restitution)

Heinrich Wild Umberto Nistri Ermeneguildo SantoniSwitzerland Italy Italy

Inventors of optical and mechanical restitution devices presented at theISP Congress 1926 in Berlin

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Otto Von Gruber

Professor atTechnical Universityof Munich1920´s

Designer at Carl Zeissfactory, Jena

mathematical treatmentof orientation ofstereo images

WillemSchermerhorn

1930´s friend ofOtto von Gruber

1938 designatedISP CongressDirector

1945 – 1946Prime Minister ofthe Netherlands

1948 ISP CongressIn th Hague,Netherlands

1950 Founder of theITC

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ISPRS and Surveying and Mapping

1910 Creation of ISP photogrammetry as newmapping tool used inAmerica and WW II

1950 ITC introduction of new mappingtechnology to developingcountries

1972 Landsat introduction of remote sensingto the world

1980 ISPRS integration of remote sensingand photogrammetry

1990 GPS new positioning tool1990 GIS new spatial analysis tool

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Stereoorthophotos

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Comparisons Line Mapping – Orthophoto Mapping

Cost considerations 2006:

- German Labour and Eqipment Overhead Costs in black

- Chinese Labour Costs (and no Equipment Overhead Costsin China, as the HW/SW is donated to the enterprises bythe government) in red(this is why Indian costs are higher than the Chinese)

Compiled by Gottfried Konecny, University of Hannover, Germany

Orthophoto Mapping versus Line Mapping - Costs

1. Aerial Photography:constant fee of $5000 in season

$3000 out of season10$ per image (in China: 4 bis 30$ per image 1:12 000 to 1:5000)

2. Scanning of aerial photos15$ per image

(in China: 2 bis 4 $ per imageo (BW to color)

3. Aerial Triangulation

25$ per image (in China: 8 $ per image)

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Photogrammetric Costs (cont‘d)

4. Digital Elevation Model via Image Correlation

120$ per image (in China 10 $ per image)

5. Digital Orthophoto Production

30$ per image (in China 3 $ per image)

6. Matching and Mosaicking of Orthophotos20$ per image (in China 2 $ per image)

7. Vectorization in 2 or 3Drural area at 10hrs. (8 hrs) per imageurban area at 100hrs. (16 hrs) per image(40$ per hr. in Germany, (15$) 25$ per hr. in China or India)

Costs for a City Map, 250 km²

Imaged at 20cm ground pixels, 15µm, scale 1:13 333

1. Aerial photography83 photos $ 4830

2. Scanning $ 12453. Aerial Triangulation $ 20754. DEM $ 99605. Digital Orthophoto $ 24906. Matching of Orthophotos $ 1660

Total Orthophoto Cost $ 22 260On screen digitizing $ 124 500Grand Total $ 146 760

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Costs for a City Map, 250 km²

Imaged at 10 cm ground pixels, 15µm, photo scale 1: 6666

1. Aerial Photography, 332 photos $ 73202. Scanning $ 49803. Aerial Triangulation $ 83004. DEM $ 398405.Digital Orthophotos $ 99606. Matching of Orthophotos $ 6640

Total Orthophoto Production $ 77040

On-screen-digitization $498 000Grand Total $575 040

Bidding Price on a Mapping Contract

1. to 6. Costs

7. Field Verification, add 30 %

8. Overhead , add 20 %

9. Profit , add 10 %

10. Risks , add 40 %

Grand Total: Costs plus 100 %

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Cost Comparison Line Map versus Orthophoto

City Map from 20 cm ground pixels (map scale 1: 2000)Map Cost $ 293 520Orthophoto Cost $ 44 520

City Map from 10 cm ground pixels (map scale 1: 1000)Map Cost $ 1 150 080Orthophoto Cost $ 154 080

Ground Survey Cost $ 6400 per km² $ 1 600 000

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