photosynthesis and cellular respiration. energy flow light from the sun is our ultimate source of...
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ENERGY FLOWPHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
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Energy FlowLight from the sun is our ultimate source of
energyAutotrophs take energy from the sun and turn
it into chemical energy via PhotosynthesisPlants convert solar energy into chemical
energy in the form of carbohydratesOrganisms take in carbohydrates and convert
to it ATP (usable energy) via Cellular Respiration
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Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + Light energy Glucose + O2 + H2O
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Cellular Respiration
Glucose + O2 + H2O O2 + H2O + Usable Energy
(36 ATP)
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are opposite processes…
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PhotosynthesisOccurs in the Chloroplast of green plantsContains Chlorophyll a pigment needed to
absorb light and begin photosynthesis
Occurs in a series of steps:
1. Light Reactions2. Calvin Cycle
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Photosynthesis ProcessesSTEP 1: LIGHT REACTIONChlorophyll molecules within the chloroplast
trap light and convert its energy to ATP
STEP 2: CALVIN CYCLECarbon atoms from CO2 get recombined to
form glucose (C6H12O6) with the help of ATP
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Cellular RespirationProcess in which chemical energy stored in
glucose (carbohydrates) is turned into usable energy (ATP)
2 Types:1. Aerobic uses O2 and produces a lot of ATP2. Anaerobic no O2 used and produces little
ATP
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Aerobic Cellular RespirationOccurs in 2 stages:
1. Glycolysis breakdown of glucose into smaller molecules of
pyruvate (C3H6O3) Occurs in the cytoplasm Produces 2 ATP
2. Oxidative Phosphorylation production of ATP from the breakdown of pyruvate Occurs in the mitochondria Produces 34 ATP
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Creating usable energy: ADP ATPAdenosine Diphosphate Adenosine
TriphosphatePhosphorylation
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The MitochondrionSite of oxidative
phosphorylationProduces 34 ATP for
1 glucose moleculePowerhouseMitochondrial cell
membranes contain proteins vital to ATP production
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Anaerobic RespirationWhen O2 is not available, ATP may still be
produced via Fermentation
2 Types of Fermentation:1. Ethanol occurs in yeast2. Lactic Acid occurs in humans
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Ethanol Fermentation1. Glucose enters
Glycolosis (produces 2 ATP) and produces pyruvate
2. Breakdown of pyruvate into ethanol
Occurs in the Cytoplasm
Used in breads, wine, beer production
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Lactic Acid Fermentation1. Glycolysis – breakdown
of glucose pyruvate (2 ATP)
2. Enzymes in the cytoplasm breakdown pyruvate into lactate
Occurs when oxygen is not readily available (exercise)
Accumulation of lactic acid causes soreness, stiffness and fatigue