ENCYCLOPEDIA A E

PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECOND EDITION

VOLUME 6 E lem - Fun An Encyclopedic Reference Complete in Eighteen Volumes, with Volume 18 the Index Volume

ROBERT A. MEYERS, EDITOR TRW, INC.

ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.

Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers

San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto

CONTENTS

Guide to Using the Encyclopedia ix

Elemental Analysis, Organic Compounds 1

T. S. Ma Embrittlement, Engineering Alloys 13

S. K. Banerji and C. L. Briant Energy Conservation, Process Industries 43

W. F. Kenney Energy Storage, Pumped Hydro and Compressed Air 79

Robert B. Schainker Energy Transfer, Intramolecular 93

Paul W. Brumer Enhanced Oil Recovery 121

Ronald E. Terry Environmental Data Acquisition 139

Philip К. Норке Environmental Engineering 151

Howard S. Peavy Environmental Geochemistry 185

Konrad B. Krauskopf , Environmental Radioactivity 215

Merril Eisenbud Epitaxial Technology for Integrated Circuit Manufacturing 233

B. Jayant Baliga Evaporites 245

Peter Sonnenfeld Excitons, Semiconductor 267

Donald C. Reynolds and Thomas C. Collins

Explosives, Solid 291 Scott Morrow

Extraterrestrial Facilities Engineering 301

Stewart W. Johnson Fast Ionic Conductors 335

S. Chen and H. Sato

Feedback Processes in Control Systems, Design 347

/. Horowitz Ferromagnetism 361

H. R. Khan Fiber-Optic Based Smart Structures 371

Raymond M. Measures Field-Effect Transistors 409

A. Blicher and I. H. Kalish Fire Dynamics 427

D.D. Dry s dale Flight (Aerodynamics) 451

John D. Anderson, Jr. Flow Visualization 473

Wolfgang Merzkirch Fluid Dynamics 481

Elaine S. Oran and Jay P. Boris Fluid Dynamics (Chemical Engineering) 493

Richard W. Hanks Fluid Inclusions 521

Edwin Roedder Fluidized-Bed Combustion 529

Shelton Ehrlich Fluid Mixing 551

J. Y. Oldshue Fluorine Chemistry 575

Robert Filler Food Colors 597

Pericles Markakis FORTH Programming Language 613

Elizabeth D. Rather FORTRAN Programming Language 631

Michael Metcalf Fourier Analysis 651

Peter Bloomfield Fourier Series 661

George Cross

viii CONTENTS

Fractals 677 Benoit B. Mandelbrot

Fracture and Fatigue 693 R. O. Ritchie, W. W. Gerberich, and J. H. Underwood

Froth Flotation 713 Richard R. Klimpel

Fuel Cells 731 Arnold P. Fickett

Functional Analysis 745 Ronald D. Milne

Functions of One Complex Variable 767

Steven G. Krantz Functions of Several Complex Variables 803 ^

Steven G. Krantz