Physics 112Star Systems

Lecture 6To The Moon

Kevin H KnuthUniversity at Albany

Fall 2013

“I have learned to use the word impossible with the greatest caution”

- Werner von Braun

Yuri Gagarin (March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968)

Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet Cosmonaut.

On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first human to travel into space as he orbited the Earth in Vostok 1.

He is known in Russian history as the Columbus of the Cosmos. A Monument to Yuri

Gagarin in Moscowwikipedia

Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1

Yuri in Vostok 1

Vostok 1

wikipedia

John Glenn (born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio)

John Glenn was the first American in space.

On February 20, 1962 he piloted Friendship 7 (Mercury 6) on a 4 hour 55 minute mission where he orbited the Earth.

Shortly after President Kennedy’s assassination, John Glenn left NASA to run for office in Ohio, where he became Senator from 1974 – 1999.

He returned to space payload specialist in 1998 in the Space Shuttle Discovery.

wikipedia

Mercury Missions

payload specialist payload specialist

The Mercury Project from 1959 – 1963 was America’s first manned spaceflight program with the goal of putting a person into Earth orbit.

The capsules were small (1.7 cubic meters) and could hold only a single person. To make matters more difficult, there were 120 controls that the astronaut had to deal with.wikipedia

Mercury Capsule

payload specialist payload specialist

http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/imagery/apollo/apollo.htm

Gemini Missions (1965 – 1966)

payload specialist payload specialist

“To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration.

To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system;

To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land. Its goals were also met, with the exception of a land landing, which was cancelled in 1964.”

http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/gemini/flight-summary.htm

Apollo Missions

payload specialist payload specialist

               

Earth & Lunar

Orbital Missions

               

Lunar LandingMissions

APOLLO 1** APOLLO 11

APOLLO 7 APOLLO 12

APOLLO 8 APOLLO 13*

APOLLO 9 APOLLO 14

APOLLO 10 APOLLO 15

APOLLO 16

  APOLLO 17

Preparing for the Moon

In Greek mythology, Artemis and Apollo were twin brother and sister. Artemis was the Goddess of the Moon.

Apollo 1 Disaster

payload specialist payload specialist

On January 27, 1967, the crew of Apollo 1 was lost in a cabin fire on the launch pad.

Edward White, Virgil (Gus) Grissom, and Roger Chaffee

Mission Outline

Various Orbits

Earth Orbit Insertion

Trans-Lunar Orbit Insertion

Earth Orbit

Lunar Orbit Insertion

Apollo 11: First Moon Landing

payload specialist payload specialist

Neil ArmstrongFirst person to walk on the Moon

Buzz AldrinSecond person to walk on the Moon

Michael CollinsStayed in orbit in the Command Module

Apollo Landing Missions

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Apollo 11 Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility) July 20, 1969 Neil A. Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins

Apollo 12 Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms) Nov 19, 1969 Charles Conrad, Jr., Alan Bean, Richard Gordon

Apollo 13 Did Not land April 1970James A. Lovell, Jr., Fred W. Haise, Jr., John L. Swigert, Jr.

Apollo 14 Fra Mauro Feb 5, 1971Alan B. Shepard, Jr., Edgar D. Mitchel, Stuart A. Roosa

Apollo 15 Hadley Rille/Apennine Mountains July 30, 1971David R. Scott, James B. Irwin, Alfred M. Worden

Apollo 16 Descartes Highlands April 21, 1972John W. Young, Charles M. Duke, Jr., Thomas K. Mattingly

Apollo 17 Taurus-Littrow Dec 11, 1972Eugene A. Cernan, Harrison H. Schmitt, Ronald E. Evans

Apollo Patches

payload specialist payload specialist

Anatomy of the Saturn V

The Saturn V is a 360 ft tallthree-stage rocket.

Mission Outline

Launch

Remember that the Saturn V is HUGE!

Jettisoning Stages

As the fuel for each stage runs out, the stage is jettisoned so they do not have to carry it into orbit.

First Stage (S-1C)

Engines: 5 Rocketdyne F-1 Thrust: 34.02 MN (7,648,000 lb) Burn time: 150 seconds Fuel: RP-1/LOX

F-1 Engine

First Stage Separates

Second Stage

Mission Outline

Third Stage

Command Module (CM)Lunar Module (LM)

Mission Outline

Separation, Transposition and Docking

Mission Outline

Lunar Module and Command Module

Command Module (CM)stays in orbit around the Moon (one person doesn’t get to walk on the Moon).

Lunar Module (LM) lands on the Moon.

Mission Outline

Descent

Landed

Exploration

Mission Outline

Ascent

Mission Outline

Rendezvous

Lunar Module (LM)Command Module (CM)

Mission Outline

Splashdown

Recovery

Mission Outline