physics for 3 year programme (yr 9, 10 & 11)

8/14/2019 Physics for 3 Year Programme (Yr 9, 10 & 11)

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Proposed Teaching Scheme for Physics Year 9

Topics SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES DURATION(WEEKS)

SECTION 1 - GENERAL PHYSICS 3

1. PHYSICAL

QUANTITIESAND UNITS

MEASUREMENT

TECHNIQUES

Describe how to measure avariety of lengths with appropriateaccuracy using tapes, rules,micrometers and calipers using averneir.

Practical activity:-

All appropriates instrumentsfor measuring mass, length,time and volume

http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/viewtopic.php?t=69

Describe how to measure avariety of time intervals usingclocks and stopwatches

Practical activity:- Usingstopwatch, pendulum

Describe how to measure massand weight by using appropriatebalances

Lever balance & springbalance

UNITS ANDSYMBOLS

Recognise and use conventionsand symbols contained in 'signs,Symbols and Systematics.'associations for Science

Education, 1995 Citation of examples


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2. KINEMATICS 5

SPEED,VELOCITY ANDACCELERATION

State what is meant by speed andvelocity.

Practical activity:- Tickertimer, ticker tape, trolleys and

inclined plane

Calculate average speed usingdistance travelled / time taken.

State what is meant by uniformacceleration

http:www.walterfendt.de/ph14e/

Calculate the value ofacceleration using change invelocity / time-taken

Calculate the value ofacceleration using change invelocity / time-taken.

GRAPHICALANALYSIS OFMOTION

Plot and interpret a speed-timegraph

Graph plotting

Recognise shape of a speed-timegraph when body is

1. at rest

2. moving with uniform speedand

3. moving with uniformacceleration

4. moving with non-uniformacceleration

Calculate the area under speed-time graph to determine thedistance travelled for motion withuniform speed or uniformacceleration

Problem solving


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FREE FALL

State that the acceleration of free-fall for a body near to the earth isconstant and is approximately 10m/s2.

Graph sketchesdescribe qualitatively the motionof bodies with constant weightfalling with and without airresistance (including reference toterminal velocity)

3. DYNAMICS 4

BALANCED ANDUNBALANCEDFORCES

State Newton's third law

Citation of examples

describe the effect of balancedand unbalanced forces on a body

Do calculations using the

equation Force = mass acceleration

Problem solving

FRICTION

Explain the effects of friction onthe motion of the body.


*Discuss the effect of friction onthe motion of a vehicle in thecontext of tyre surface, roadconditions (including skidding),braking force, braking distanceand stopping distance)

Slide presentation

CIRCULARMOTION

Describe qualitatively motion in acircular path due to a constant

perpendicular force, includingelectrostatic forces on an electronin an atom and gravitationalforces on a satellite, (F = mv2/r isnot required)


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Discuss how ideas of circularmotion are related to the motionof planets in the solar system

4. MASS, WEIGHT & DENSITY2

MASS & WEIGHTState that mass is a measure ofthe amount of substance in abody

Demonstration

State that mass of a body resistschange from its state of rest ormotion

State that a gravitational field is aregion in which mass experiencea force due to gravitationalattraction

Calculate weight from the

equation: weight = mass gravitational field strength

Problem solving

Explain that two weights, andtherefore masses, can becompared using a balance

Beam balance

DENSITY Describe how to use ameasuring cylinder to measurethe volume of solid or liquid

Measuring cylinder

Describe experiments todetermine the density of a

liquid, of a regularly shapedsolid, of an irregularly shapedsolid which sinks in water(method of displacement)

Practical activity -Plasticine,thread, measuring cylinder,

eureka can, vernier calipers


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Make calculations usingformula: density = mass/volume

Problem solving

SCALARS ANDVECTORS

Define the terms scalar andvector

List the vectors and scalarsfrom distance, displacement,length, speed, velocity, time,acceleration, mass and force


Determine the resultant of twovectors by a graphical method

construction

5. TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES 3

MOMENTS Describe the moment of aforce in terms of its turningeffect and give everydayexamples

Demonstration: Balancing alever, weights, wedge,metre rule

State the principle of momentsfor a body in equilibrium

Make calculations using:

Problem solving

1. Moment of a force = force

perpendicular distance fromthe pivot

2. the principles of momentsperform and describeexperiment to verify principle ofmoments

Practical Activity - Meterrule, pin, weights, string,stand, clamp, boss


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Describe how to determine theposition of the centre of massof a plane lamina

Practical activity: Thickuniform card, plumbline,stand, clamp, boss

Describe qualitatively the effectof the position of the centre ofmass on the stability of simpleobjects


6. DEFORMATION 2

ELASTICDEFORMATION

state that a force may producea change in size and shape ofa body

Practical Activity:-Plasticene, spring slottedweight

plot, draw and interpretextension-load graphs forelastic solids and describe the

associated experimentalprocedure Graph workRecognise the significance ofthe term 'Limit ofproportionality' for an elasticsolid

Calculate extensions for anelastic solid usingproportionality

Problem solving

7. PRESSURE 2PRESSURE Define the term pressure interms of force and area, anddo calculations using the

equation: pressure = force

Problem solving


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area

Explain how pressure varieswith force and area in thecontext of everyday examples.


Describe how the height of aliquid column may be used tomeasure the atmosphericpressure

Barometer

PRESSURECHANGES

Explain quantitatively how thepressure beneath a liquidsurfaces changes with depthand density of the liquid in

appropriate examples

Citation of examples andproblem solving

Describe the use of amanometer in themeasurement of pressuredifference

Manometer

Describe and explain thetransmission of pressure inhydraulic systems withparticular reference to thehydraulic press and hydraulic

brakes on vehicles

Hydraulic model, citation ofexamples, problem solving


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Describe how a change involume of a fixed mass of gasat constant temperature iscaused by a change in

pressure applied to the gas


Do calculations using p1v1 =p2v2

Problem solving

8. ENERGY, WORK & POWER 3

ENERGYCONVERSION

ANDCONSERVATION

List the different forms ofenergy with examples in whicheach forms occurs

Citation of simple examples

state the principle of theconservation of energy andapply this principle to the

conversion of energy from oneform to another

Application of examples

State that kinetic energy Ek =1/2 mv2and that potentialenergy Ep = mgh and usethese equations in calculations

Problem solving

MAJORSOURCES OFENERGY

List renewable and non-renewable energy sources

Citation of simple examples

Describe quantitively theprocesses of the followingsources of energy beingconverted from one form toanother:

Group Presentation(project)

1. chemical/fuel energy (aregrouping of atoms)


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2. hydroelectric generation(emphasising the mechanicalenergies involved)

3. Solar energy (nuclei ofatoms in the Sun)

4. nuclear energy

5. geothermal energy

6. wind energy

Explain nuclear fusion andfission in terms of energyreleasing processes

Do calculations using themass-energy equation E = mc2

Problem solving

Descibe the process ofelectricity generation and drawa block diagram of the processfrom the fuel input to electricityoutput

BLOCK DIAGRAMDRAWING

Descibe the environmentalissues associated with powergeneration

Class Project

WORK Calculate workdone from theformula work = force

distance moved in theline of action of the force

Problem solving


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EFFICIENCY

Calculate the efficiency of theenergy conversion using theformula: Energy = energyconverted to the required

form / total energy output

Problem solving

Discuss the efficiency ofenergy conversions in commonuse, particularly those givingelectrical output

citation of examples

Discuss the usefulness of theenergy output from a numberof energy conversions


POWERcalculate power from theformula: power = workdone /

time taken

Problem solving

9. TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY 2

CONDUCTION

Describe experiments on howto distinguish between goodand bad conductors of heat Demonstration: Conduction

kits

Describe in molecular termshow heat transfer occurs insolids

CONVECTIONDescribe convection in fluids interms of density changes

Demonstration: Convectionkits

RADIATION Describe the process of heattransfer by radiation.

Demonstration: RadiationKits


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Describe how to distinguishbetween good and bademitters and good and badabsorbers on infra-red

radiation

TOTALTRANSFER

Describe how heat istransferred to or from abuildings and to or from a room


State and explain the use ofthe important practicalmethods of heat insulation forbuildings.

10. TEMPERATURE 2

9.1 PRINCIPLESOFTHERMOMETRY

Explain how a physical

property which vary withtemperature being used for themeasurement of temperatureand state examples of suchproperties

Thermometer model

Explain the need for fixedpoints and state what is meantby the ice-point and steampoint

Discuss sensitivity, range andlinearity of thermometers

describe how a given propertyis used to measuretemperature


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LIQUID-IN-

GLASSTHERMOMETER

Describe the structure andaction of liquid-in-glassthermometers (includingclinical) and of a thermocouple

thermometer, showing anappreciation of its use formeasuring high temperaturesand those which vary rapidly.

Laboratory and clinical

thermometer, andthermocouple


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PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 10

TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCESDURATION(WEEKS)

11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 5SPECIFIC HEATCAPACITY

Describe a rise in temperatureof a body in terms of anincrease in its internal energy(random thermal energy) Slide presentationDescribe the terms heatcapacity and specific heatcapacity

calculate heat transferredusing the formula thermalenergy = mass x specificheat capacity x change intemperature

Problem solving

Describe melting / solidificationand boiling / condensation interms of energy transferwithout the change intemperature.

Slide presentation


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MELTING ANDBOILING

state the meaning of meltingpoint and boiling point

BOILING ANDEVAPORATION

Explain the differencebetween boiling andevaporation

SPECIFICLATENT HEAT

define the terms latent heatand specific latent heat

Explain latent heat in terms ofmolecular behaviour

calculate heat transferred inthe change of state using theformula thermal energy =mass x specific latent heat

Problem solving

THERMALEXPANSION OFSOLIDS,LIQUIDS ANDGASES

Describe qualitatively thethermal expansion of solids,liquids and gases

Slide presentation

describe the relative order ofmagnitude of the expansion ofsolids, liquids and gases


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Identify and explain some ofthe everday applications andconsequences of thermal

expansion


Describe qualitatively the effectof a change of temperature onthe volume of gas at constantpressure.

Graph work

12. KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER 2

STATES OFMATTER

State the distinguishingproperties of solids, liquids and

gases

Slide presentation anddemonstration

MOLECULARMODEL Describe qualitatively the

molecular structure of solids,liquids and gases, relating theirproperties to the forces anddistances between moleculesand to the motion of molecules

Describe the relationship

between the motion of themolecules and temperature.


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Explain the pressure of a gasin terms of the motion of itsmolecules

EVAPORATION

describe evaporation in termsof the escape of moreenergetic molecules from thesurface of a liquid

describe how temperature,surface area and draught overa surface influence evaporation

explain that evaporationcauses cooling

13. GENERAL WAVE PROPERTIES 3

DESCRIBINGWAVE MOTION

Describe what is meant bywave motion as illustrated byvibration in ropes, springs andby experiments using a rippletank

Slinky spring, ripple tank

WAVE TERMS state what is meant by the term

wavefront

Slide Presentation


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Define the terms speed,frequency, wavelength andamplitude and do calculation

using c = f

Wave drawing & problemsolving

WAVEBEHAVIOUR

Describe longitudinal andtranverse waves in such a wayas to illustrate the differencesbetween them

Slinky spring, ripple tank

describe the use of a rippletank to show

1. reflection at a plane surface

2. refraction due to a change inspeed at constant frequency

describe simple experiments toshow the reflection andrefraction of sound waves

Signal generator,Microphone, tube, C.R.O.,balloon filled with carbondioxide gas

14. LIGHT 4REFLECTION OFLIGHT Define the terms used in

reflection including normal,angle of incidence and angle of

reflection

Practical activity: Ray-box,plane mirror, Optical pins,Constructions, anglemeasurement & Problemsolving

Describe an experiment toillustrate the laws of reflection


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Describe an experiment to findthe position and characteristicsof an optical image formed by

a plane mirror

state that for reflection, theangle of incidence is equal tothe angle of reflection and usethis in constructions,measurements andcalculations

REFRACTIONOF LIGHT Define the terms used in

refraction including angle of

incidence, angle of refractionand refractive index Practical Activity: Ray-box,glass blocks, Light rayconstruction, drawing paper

Describe experiments to showrefraction of light through glassblocks

Use equation sin i / sin r = n(refractive index)

Problem solving

Define the terms critical angleand total internal reflection

Semicircular glass block,ray box

Describe experiments to showtotal internal reflection


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Describe the use of opticalfibres in telecommunicationsand state the advantanges of

their use.

THINCONVERGINGLENS

Describe the action of a thinconverging lens on a beam oflight

Practical Activity: Convexand concave lenses, raybox

Define the term focal length

*Draw ray diagrams to illustratethe formation of real and virtualimages of an object by lens

construction

Define the terms linearmagnification and *draw scalediagrams to determine thefocal length needed forparticular values ofmagnification (converging lensonly)

construction

Describe the use of a singlelens as a magnifying glass andin a camera, projector andphotographic enlarger and

draw ray diagrams to showhow each forms an image

construction


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Draw ray-diagrams to showformation of images in thenormal eye, a short-sighted

eye and a long-sighted eye Ray diagram construction

Describe the correction ofshort-sighted and long sighted

TOPIC 18: STATIC ELECTRICITY 2

LAWS OF

ELECTROSTATICS

Describe experiments to showelectrostatic charging byfriction.

Electrostatics Kit

Explain that charging of solids

involves a movement ofelectrons.

State that there are positiveand negative charges and thatcharge is measured incoulombs.

State that unlike chargesattract and like charges repel.

Principles of

electrostatics

Describe an electric field as a

region in which an electriccharge experiences a force.


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State the direction of lines offorce and describe simple fieldpatterns.

Describe the separation ofcharges by induction.

Discuss the differencesbetween electrical conductorsand insulators and stateexamples of each.


Applications ofelectrostatics

state what is meant by

"earthing" a charged object.

Describe examples wherecharging could be a probleme.g. lightning


Describe examples wherecharging is helpful e.g'sphotocopier and electrostaticprecipitator.


TOPIC 19: CURRENT ELECTRICITY 4Current State that a current is a flow of

charge and that current ismeasured in amperes.


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Do calculations using theequation charge = current xtime.

Problem solving

Describe the use of anammeter with different ranges.

ammeter, milliammeter,multimeter

Electromotiveforce

Explain that electromotiveforce (e.m.f.) is measured bythe energy dissipated by asource in driving a unit chargearound a complete circuit.

State that e.m.f. is work

done/charge.

Problem solving

Electromotiveforce

State that the volt is given byJ/C.

Problem solving

Calculate the total e.m.f. whereseveral sources are arrangedin series and discuss how thisis used in the design ofbatteries.

Discuss the advantage of

making a battery from severalequal voltage sources of e.m.f.arranged in parallel.


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Potentialdifference

State that the potentialdifference across a circuitcomponent is measured involts.

state that the p.d. across acomponent in a circuit is givenby the work done in thecomponent/charge passedthrough the component

(k) describe the use of avoltmeter with different ranges.

Voltmeter, multimeter

Resistance

State that resistance =p.d./current and use theequation resistance =voltage/current incalculations.

Problem solving

Describe an experiment tomeasure the resistance of ametallic conductor using avoltmeter and an ammeter andmake the necessary

calculations.

Voltmeter, leads, ammeter,variable resistors, battery &Problem solving

Discuss the temperaturelimitation on Ohm's Law.


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*use quantitatively theproportionality betweenresistance and the length andthe crosssectional area of a

wire.

I.T. Presentation

Calculate the net effect of anumber of resistors in seriesand in parallel.

Problem solving

Resistance

Describe the effect oftemperature increase on theresistance of a resistor and afilament lamp and draw therespective sketch graphs of

current/voltage.

Graph work

Describe the operation of alight-dependent resistor.

Light dependeng resistor

TOPIC 20: D.C. CIRCUITS 3


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Current andpotential

difference incircuits

*Draw circuit diagrams withpower sources (cell, battery ora.c. mains), switches (closedand open), resistors (fixed andvariable), light dependentresistors, lamps, ammeters,voltmeters, magnetising coils,bells, fuses, relays, light-emitting diodes and

IT Presentation

Series andparallel circuits

State that the current at everypoint in a series circuit is thesame, and use this incalculations.

Problem solving

Difference across the wholecircuit and use this incalculations. State that the current from thesource is the sum of thecurrents in the separatebranches of a parallel circuit.


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Do calculations on the wholecircuit, recalling and usingformulae including R = V/I and

of a parallel circuit.

TOPIC 21: PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY 2

Uses of electricity

Describe the use of electricityin heating, lighting and motors.


Do calculations using theequations power = voltage xcurrent, and energy = voltagex current x time.

Problem solving

Calculate the cost of usingelectrical appliances where theenergy unit is the kWh.

Dangers ofelectricity

State the hazards of damagedinsulation, overheating ofcables and damp conditions.


Safe use of

electricity in thehome

Explain the use of fuses and

circuit breakers and fuseratings and circuit breakersettings.

Fuses, circuit breaker 2


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Explain the need for earthingmetal cases and for doubleinsulation.

State the meaning of the termslive, neutral and earth.

Describe how to wire a mainsplug.

3-pin plug

Explain why switches, fusesand circuit breakers are wiredinto the live conductor.


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PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 11

TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCESDURATION(WEEKS)

TOPIC 22: ELECTROMAGNETISM 3

Force on a

current-carryingconductor

Describe experiments to showthe force on a current-carryingconductor, and on a beam ofcharged particles, in amagnetic field, including theeffect of reversing (1) the

current, (2) the direction of thefield.

d.c power supply, insulatedtong wire, major magnet

State the relative directions offorce, field and current.

Force on acurrent-carrying

conductor

Describe the field patternsbetween currents in parallelconductors and relate these tothe forces which exist betweenthe conductors (excluding theEarth's field).

Vertical parallel thick wire,low voltage power supply


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The d.c. motor

Explain how a current-carryingcoil in a magnetic fieldexperiences a turning effectand that the effect is increased

by increasing (1) the number ofturns on the coil (2) the current.

Discuss how this turning effectis used in the action of anelectric motor.

d.c. power supply, d.c.motor

Describe the action of a split-ring commutator in a two-pole,single coil motor and the effectof winding the coil onto a soft-iron cylinder.

model of d.c. motor

TOPIC 23: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 3Principles of

electromagneticinduction

Describe an experiment whichshows that a changingmagnetic field can induce ane.m.f. in a circuit.

Galvanometer, permanentmagnet and Solenoid

State the factors affecting themagnitude of the inducede.m.f.

State that the direction of acurrent produced by an

induced e.m.f. opposes thechange producing it (Lenz'sLaw) and describe how this lawmay be demonstrated.


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The a.c.generator

Describe a simple form of a.c.generator (rotating coil orrotating magnet) and the use ofslip rings where needed.

Dynamo

*Sketch a graph of voltageoutput against time for a simplea.c. generator.

The transformer

Describe the structure andprinciple of operation of asimple iron-cored transformer.

transformer model

State the advantages of highvoltage transmission.

Discuss the environmental and

cost implications ofunderground powertransmission compared tooverhead lines.

24. Introductory Electronics 4

Thermionicemission State that electrons are emitted

by a hot metal filament.

Explain that to cause acontinuous flow of emittedelectrons requires (1) high

positive potential and (2) verylow gas pressure.

Describe the deflection of anelectron beam by electric fields


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and magnetic fields.State that the flow of electrons(electron current) is fromnegative to positive and is inthe opposite direction toconventional current

Simple treatmentof cathode-rayoscilloscope

Describe in outline the basicstructure and action of acathode-ray oscilloscope(detailed circuits are notrequired).

Demonstration of CRO

Describe the use of a cathode-ray oscilloscope to display

waveforms and to measurep.d.'s and short intervals oftime (detailed circuits are notrequired).

Action and use ofcircuit

components

Explain how the values ofresistors are chosen accordingto a colour code and whywidely different values areneeded in different types ofcircuit.

Discuss the need to choose

components with suitablepower ratings.


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Describe the action ofthermistors and light-dependent resistors andexplain their use as input

sensors.

Demonstration of LDR

Describe the action of avariable potential divider(potentiometer).

Demonstration ofpotentiometer

Describe the action of acapacitor as a charge storeand explain its use in timedelay circuits.

Demonstration ofCapacitors, reed switch andreed relay

Describe the action of a reedswitch and reed relay.

Explain the use of reed relaysin switching circuits.

Describe and explain circuitsoperating as light-sensitiveswitches and temperatureoperated alarms (using a reedrelay or other circuits).

State the meaning of the termsprocessor, output device andfeedback.

TOPIC 25: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2


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Switching andlogic circuits

Describe the action of a bipolarnpn transistor as an electricallyoperated switch and explain itsuse in switching circuits.

Handson Electronic LogicKit

*ElectronicSystems areOptional topic

State in words and in truthtable form, the action of thefollowing logic gates, AND,OR, NAND, NOR andNOT(inverter).

State the symbols for the logicgates listed above (AmericanANSI Y 32.14 symbols will beused).

Bistable andastable circuits

Describe the use of a bistablecircuit.

Discuss the fact that bistablecircuits exhibit the property ofmemory.

Describe the use of an astablecircuit (pulse generator).

Describe how the frequency ofan astable circuit is related tothe values of the resistive andcapacitative components.

SECTION VI ATOMIC PHYSICS TOPIC 26. RADIOACTIVITY 4


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Detection ofradioactivity

Describe the detection ofalpha-particles, beta-particlesand gamma-rays byappropriate methods. 3 Radioactive resources

Characteristics ofthe three types of

emission

State and explain the randomemission of radioactivity indirection and time.

State, for radioactiveemissions, their nature, relativeionising effects and relativepenetrating powers.

IT Presentation

Describe the deflection ofradioactive emissions inelectric fields and magneticfields.Explain what is meant byradioactive decay.

Nuclear reactions

Explain the processes of fusionand fission.Describe with the aid of a blockdiagram one type of fissionreactor for use in a powerstation.

Discuss theories of starformation and their energy

production by fusion.Half-li fe Explain what is meant by the

term half-life.


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Make calculations based onhalf-life which might involveinformation in tables or shownby decay curves.

Uses ofradioactive

isotopes includingsafety

precautions

Describe how radioactivematerials are handled, usedand stored in a safe way.

Discuss the way in which thetype of radiation emitted andthe half-life determine the usefor the material.

Discuss the origins and effectof background radiation.

Discuss the dating of objects

by the use of14C.

TOPIC 27: THE NUCLEAR ATOM 2

Atomic model

Describe the structure of theatom in terms of nucleus andelectrons.

IT Presentation

Describe how the Geiger-Marsden alpha-particlescattering experiment providesevidence for the nuclear atom.

Nucleus Describe the composition of

the nucleus in terms of protonsand neutrons.


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Define the terms protonnumber (atomic number), Zand nucleon number (massnumber), A.

Explain the term nuclide anduse the nuclide notation AZ X toconstruct equations whereradioactive decay leads tochanges in the composition ofthe nucleus.

Define the term isotope.

Explain, using nuclide notation,how one element may have anumber of isotopes.

ANY QUERIES PLEASE REFER TO MOHD KHAIRUL AZMI BIN KASSIM MAKTAB SAINS PADUKA SERI BEGAWAN

SULTAN

E-mail address [email protected]

physics for 3 year programme (yr 9, 10 & 11)

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