physics for 2 year programme (yr 9 & 10)

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Proposed Teaching Scheme for Year 9 Topics SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES SECTION 1 - GENERAL PHYSICS 1. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Describe how to measure a variety of lengths with appropriate accuracy using tapes, rules, micrometers and calipers using a verneir. Practical activity:- All appropriates instruments for measuring mass, length, time and volume http://www.phy.ntnu.e du.tw/ntnujava/viewto  pic.php?t=69  Describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and stopwatches Practical activity:- Using stopwatch, pendulum  Describe how to measure mass and weight by using appropriate balances Lever balance & spring  balance  UNITS AND SYMBOLS Recognise and use conventions and symbols contained in 'signs, Symbols and Systematics.' associations for Science Education, 1995 Citation of examples 2. KINEMATICS SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION State what is meant by speed and velocity. Practical activity:- Ticker timer, ticker tape, trolleys and inclined plane  Calculate average speed using distance travelled / time taken. 1

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8/14/2019 Physics for 2 Year Programme (Yr 9 & 10)

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Proposed Teaching Scheme for Year 9

Topics SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

SECTION 1 - GENERAL PHYSICS

1. PHYSICAL

QUANTITIESAND UNITS

MEASUREMENT

TECHNIQUES

Describe how to measure a variety of 

lengths with appropriate accuracyusing tapes, rules, micrometers and

calipers using a verneir.

Practical activity:-

All appropriatesinstruments for measuring

mass, length, time andvolume

http://www.phy.ntnu.e

du.tw/ntnujava/viewto pic.php?t=69

 

Describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and

stopwatches

Practical activity:- Usingstopwatch, pendulum

 

Describe how to measure mass and

weight by using appropriate balances

Lever balance & spring

 balance

 

UNITS AND

SYMBOLS

Recognise and use conventions and

symbols contained in 'signs, Symbolsand Systematics.' associations for 

Science Education, 1995

Citation of examples

2. KINEMATICS

SPEED,

VELOCITY ANDACCELERATION

State what is meant by speed and velocity.

Practical activity:- Ticker 

timer, ticker tape, trolleysand inclined plane

 

Calculate average speed using distance

travelled / time taken.

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State what is meant by uniform

acceleration

http:www.walterfendt.

de/ph14e/

Calculate the value of acceleration

using change in velocity / time-taken

 

Calculate the value of accelerationusing change in velocity / time-taken.

 

GRAPHICALANALYSIS OF

MOTION

Plot and interpret a speed-time graph Graph plotting

Recognise shape of a speed-time graphwhen body is

1. at rest

2. moving with uniform speed and

3. moving with uniform acceleration

4. moving with non-uniformacceleration

 

Calculate the area under speed-timegraph to determine the distance

travelled for motion with uniformspeed or uniform acceleration

Problem solving

FREE FALL State that the acceleration of free-fall

for a body near to the earth is constant

and is approximately 10 m/s2.

Graph sketches

describe qualitatively the motion of  bodies with constant weight falling

with and without air resistance(including reference to terminal

velocity)

3. DYNAMICS

BALANCED AND State Newton's third law Citation of examples

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UNBALANCED

FORCES

describe the effect of balanced and

unbalanced forces on a body

Do calculations using the equation

Force = mass ´ acceleration

Problem solving

FRICTION Explain the effects of friction on the

motion of the body.

Citation of examples

*Discuss the effect of friction on the

motion of a vehicle in the context of tyre surface, road conditions (including

skidding), braking force, braking

distance and stopping distance)

Slide presentation

CIRCULAR 

MOTION

Describe qualitatively motion in a

circular path due to a constant perpendicular force, including

electrostatic forces on an electron in an

atom and gravitational forces on asatellite, (F = mv2/r is not required)

Discuss how ideas of circular motionare related to the motion of planets in

the solar system

4. MASS, WEIGHT & DENSITY

MASS & WEIGHT State that mass is a measure of theamount of substance in a body

Demonstration

State that mass of a body resists

change from its state of rest or motion

 

State that a gravitational field is aregion in which mass experience a

force due to gravitational attraction

 

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Calculate weight from the equation:

weight = mass ́ gravitational fieldstrength

Problem solving

Explain that two weights, and thereforemasses, can be compared using a

 balance

Beam balance

DENSITY Describe how to use a measuring

cylinder to measure the volume of solid

or liquid

Measuring cylinder 

Describe experiments to determine the

density of a liquid, of a regularlyshaped solid, of an irregularly shaped

solid which sinks in water (method of displacement)

Practical activity

-Plasticine, thread,measuring cylinder,

eureka can, vernier calipers

 

Make calculations using formula:density = mass/ volume

Problem solving

SCALARS ANDVECTORS

Define the terms scalar and vector 

List the vectors and scalars fromdistance, displacement, length, speed,

velocity, time, acceleration, mass andforce

Citation of examples

Determine the resultant of two vectors

 by a graphical method

construction

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5. TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES

MOMENTS Describe the moment of a force in

terms of its turning effect and give

everyday examples

Demonstration:

Balancing a lever,

weights, wedge, metrerule

 

State the principle of moments for a

 body in equilibrium

 

Make calculations using: Problem solving

1. Moment of a force = force ´ perpendicular distance from the pivot

 

2. the principles of moments

 perform and describe experiment to

verify principle of moments

Practical Activity - Meter 

rule, pin, weights, string,stand, clamp, boss

 

Describe how to determine the position

of the centre of mass of a plane lamina

Practical activity: Thick 

uniform card, plumbline,stand, clamp, boss

 

Describe qualitatively the effect of the

 position of the centre of mass on thestability of simple objects

Citation of examples

6. DEFORMATION

ELASTICDEFORMATION

state that a force may produce a changein size and shape of a body

Practical Activity:-Plasticene, spring slotted

weight

 

 plot, draw and interpret extension-loadgraphs for elastic solids and describe the

associated experimental procedure

Graph work 

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Recognise the significance of the term

'Limit of proportionality' for an elasticsolid

 

Calculate extensions for an elastic solidusing proportionality

Problem solving

7. PRESSURE

PRESSURE Define the term pressure in terms of  force and area, and do calculations

using the equation: pressure = force ´

area

Problem solving

Explain how pressure varies with forceand area in the context of everyday

examples.

Citation of examples

Describe how the height of a liquid

column may be used to measure theatmospheric pressure

Barometer 

PRESSURE

CHANGES

Explain quantitatively how the

 pressure beneath a liquid surfaceschanges with depth and density of the

liquid in appropriate examples

Citation of examples and

 problem solving

 

Describe the use of a manometer in the

measurement of pressure difference

Manometer 

Describe and explain the transmissionof pressure in hydraulic systems with

 particular reference to the hydraulic

 press and hydraulic brakes on vehicles

Hydraulic model, citationof examples, problem

solving

 

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Describe how a change in volume of a

fixed mass of gas at constanttemperature is caused by a change in

 pressure applied to the gas

Citation of examples

Do calculations using p1v1 = p2v2 Problem solving

8. ENERGY, WORK & POWER 

ENERGY

CONVERSIONAND

CONSERVATION

List the different forms of energy with

examples in which each forms occurs

Citation of simple

examples

 

state the principle of the conservation

of energy and apply this principle tothe conversion of energy from one

form to another 

Application of examples

State that kinetic energy Ek  = 1/2 mv2

and that potential energy Ep = mgh

and use these equations in calculations

Problem solving

MAJOR SOURCES

OF ENERGY

List renewable and non-renewable

energy sources

Citation of simple

examples

 

Describe quantitively the processes of 

the following sources of energy beingconverted from one form to another:

Group Presentation

(project)

 

1. chemical/fuel energy (a regrouping

of atoms)

 

2. hydroelectric generation

(emphasising the mechanical energiesinvolved)

3. Solar energy (nuclei of atoms in theSun)

 

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4. nuclear energy

5. geothermal energy

6. wind energyExplain nuclear fusion and fission in

terms of energy releasing processes

 

Do calculations using the mass-energyequation E = mc2

Problem solving

Descibe the process of electricity

generation and draw a block diagramof the process from the fuel input to

electricity output

BLOCK DIAGRAM

DRAWING

 

Descibe the environmental issuesassociated with power generation

Class Project

WORK Calculate workdone from the formulawork = force ´ distance moved in the

line of action of the force

Problem solving

EFFICIENCY Calculate the efficiency of the energyconversion using the formula: Energy

= energy converted to the required

form / total energy output

Problem solving

Discuss the efficiency of energyconversions in common use,

 particularly those giving electrical

output

citation of examples

Discuss the usefulness of the energy

output from a number of energyconversions

citation of examples

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POWER calculate power from the formula:power = workdone / time taken

Problem solving

9. TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGYCONDUCTION Describe experiments on how to

distinguish between good and bad

conductors of heat

Demonstration:Conduction kits

 

Describe in molecular terms how heattransfer occurs in solids

 

CONVECTION Describe convection in fluids in termsof density changes

Demonstration:Convection kits

 

RADIATION Describe the process of heat transfer 

 by radiation.

Demonstration:

Radiation Kits

 

Describe how to distinguish between

good and bad emitters and good and bad absorbers on infra-red radiation

 

TOTAL TRANSFER Describe how heat is transferred to or from a buildings and to or from a room

citation of examples

State and explain the use of the

important practical methods of heat

insulation for buildings.

 

10. TEMPERATURE

9.1 PRINCIPLES OFTHERMOMETRY

Explain how a physical propertywhich vary with temperature being

used for the measurement of temperature and state examples of 

such properties

Thermometer model

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Explain the need for fixed points and

state what is meant by the ice-pointand steam point

 

Discuss sensitivity, range and linearityof thermometers

 

describe how a given property is used

to measure temperature

 

LIQUID-IN-GLASS

THERMOMETER 

Describe the structure and action of 

liquid-in-glass thermometers(including clinical) and of a

thermocouple thermometer, showingan appreciation of its use for 

measuring high temperatures and

those which vary rapidly.

Laboratory and clinical

thermometer, andthermocouple

 

11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 

SPECIFIC HEAT

CAPACITY

Describe a rise in temperature of a

 body in terms of an increase in itsinternal energy (random thermal

energy)

Slide presentation

Describe the terms heat capacity and

specific heat capacity

 

calculate heat transferred using the

formula thermal energy = mass xspecific heat capacity x change in

temperature

Problem solving  

Describe melting / solidification and

 boiling / condensation in terms of energy transfer without the change in

temperature.

Slide presentation

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MELTING AND

BOILING

state the meaning of melting point and

  boiling point

 

BOILING AND

EVAPORATION

Explain the difference between

 boiling and evaporation

 

SPECIFIC LATENTHEAT

define the terms latent heat andspecific latent heat

 

Explain latent heat in terms of 

molecular behaviour 

 

calculate heat transferred in the change

of state using the formula thermal

energy = mass x specific latent heat

Problem solving  

THERMALEXPANSION OF

SOLIDS, LIQUIDSAND GASES

Describe qualitatively the thermalexpansion of solids, liquids and gases

Slide presentation

describe the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of solids,

liquids and gases

 

Identify and explain some of the

everday applications andconsequences of thermal expansion

Citation of examples  

Describe qualitatively the effect of a

change of temperature on the volumeof gas at constant pressure.

Graph work 

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12. KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER 

STATES OFMATTER 

State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases

Slide presentation anddemonstration

 

MOLECULAR 

MODEL

Describe qualitatively the molecular 

structure of solids, liquids and gases,relating their properties to the forces and

distances between molecules and to themotion of molecules

 

Describe the relationship between the

motion of the molecules andtemperature.

 

Explain the pressure of a gas in termsof the motion of its molecules  

EVAPORATION describe evaporation in terms of theescape of more energetic molecules

from the surface of a liquid

 

describe how temperature, surface areaand draught over a surface influence

evaporation

 

explain that evaporation causes cooling  

13. GENERAL WAVE PROPERTIES

DESCRIBING

WAVE MOTION

Describe what is meant by wave

motion as illustrated by vibration in

ropes, springs and by experimentsusing a ripple tank 

Slinky spring, ripple tank 

WAVE TERMS state what is meant by the term Slide Presentation

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wavefront

Define the terms speed, frequency,wavelength and amplitude and do

calculation using c = f ´ l

Wave drawing & problem solving

 

WAVE

BEHAVIOUR 

Describe longitudinal and tranverse

waves in such a way as to illustrate the

differences between them

Slinky spring, ripple tank 

describe the use of a ripple tank toshow

 

1. reflection at a plane surface

2. refraction due to a change in speed

at constant frequency

 

describe simple experiments to showthe reflection and refraction of sound

waves

Signal generator,Microphone, tube,

C.R.O., balloon filled

with carbon dioxide gas

 

14. LIGHT

REFLECTION OF

LIGHT

Define the terms used in reflection

including normal, angle of incidenceand angle of reflection

Practical activity: Ray-

 box, plane mirror, Optical pins, Constructions, angle

measurement & Problemsolving

 

Describe an experiment to illustrate the

laws of reflection

 

Describe an experiment to find the

 position and characteristics of anoptical image formed by a plane mirror 

 

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state that for reflection, the angle of 

incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and use this in constructions,

measurements and calculations

 

REFRACTION OFLIGHT

Define the terms used in refractionincluding angle of incidence, angle of 

refraction and refractive index

Practical Activity: Ray- box, glass blocks, Light

ray construction, drawing

 paper 

 

Describe experiments to show

refraction of light through glass blocks

 

Use equation sin i / sin r = n (refractive

index)

Problem solving

Define the terms critical angle and

total internal reflection

Semicircular glass block,

ray box

 

Describe experiments to show totalinternal reflection

 

Describe the use of optical fibres in

telecommunications and state the

advantanges of their use.

 

THINCONVERGING

LENS

Describe the action of a thinconverging lens on a beam of light

Practical Activity:Convex and concave

lenses, ray box

 

Define the term focal length*Draw ray diagrams to illustrate theformation of real and virtual images of 

an object by lens

construction

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Define the terms linear magnification

and *draw scale diagrams to determinethe focal length needed for particular 

values of magnification (converginglens only)

construction

Describe the use of a single lens as a

magnifying glass and in a camera, projector and photographic enlarger 

and draw ray diagrams to show howeach forms an image

construction

Draw ray-diagrams to show formation

of images in the normal eye, a short-sighted eye and a long-sighted eye

Ray diagram construction

Describe the correction of short-

sighted and long sighted

 

15. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

DISPERSION OFLIGHT

Describe the dispersion of light asillustrated by the action on light of a

glass prism

white light source, glass prism

 

state the colours of the spectrum and

explain how the colours are related tofrequency or wavelength

 

13.1 PROPERTIESOF

ELECTROMAGNE

TIC WAVES

State that all electromagnetic wavesare transverse waves that travel with

the same high speed in vacuo and state

the magnitude of this speed.

Slide Presentation:Identification of 

components in E.M.

spectrum

 

Describe the main components of theelectromagnetic spectrum

 

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APPICATIONS OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Discuss the role of the following

components in the stated appications

 

1. Radiowaves - radio and television

communication

 

2 . Microwaves - satellite televisionand telephone

 

3. Infra-red - household electricalappliance, television controllers and

intruder alarms

 

4. Light - optical fibres in medical uses

and telephone

 

5. Ultra-violet - sunbeds, flourescent

tubes and sterilisation

 

6. X-rays - hospital use and

engineering applications

 

7. Gamma rays and their use inmedical treatment

 

16. SOUND WAVES

SOUND WAVES Describe the production of sound by

vibrating sources

Metre rule, tuning fork 

describe the longitudinal nature of 

sound waves and describecompression and rarefraction

Slinky spring

State the approximate range of audiblefrequencies

 

Explain why a medium is required in

order to transmit sound waves and

describe an experiment to demonstratethis

Bell Jar experiment

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SPEED OF SOUND Describe a direct method for 

determination of the speed of sound inair and make necessary calculation

Problem solving

State the order of magnitude of the

speeds of sound in air, liquids andsolids

Slide Presentation

Explain how the loudness and pitch of sound waves relate to amplitude and

frequency

 

describe how the reflection of sound

may produced an echo

 

Describe the factors which influence

the quality (timbre) of sound wavesand how these factors may be

demonstrated by using CRO

 

ULTRASOUND Define ultra sound

describe the uses of ultra sound in

cleaning, quality control and prenatalscreening

 

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PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 10

TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

TOPIC 16 - SOUND

 

Sound waves

Describe the production of soundby vibrating sources.

Metre rule, tuning fork

Describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves and describecompression and rarefaction.

Slinky spring

State the approximate range of audible frequencies.

 

Explain why a medium is requiredin order to transmit sound wavesand describe an experiment todemonstrate this.

Bell Jar experiment

Speed of sound Describe a direct method for thedetermination of the speed of sound in air and make thenecessary calculation.

Problem solving

State the order of magnitude of thespeeds of sound in air, liquids andsolids.

IT Presentation 

Explain how the loudness and pitchof sound waves relate to amplitudeand frequency.

 

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Describe how the reflection of sound may produce an echo.

 

Describe the factors which

influence the quality (timbre) of sound waves and how thesefactors may be demonstrated usinga CRO.

 

Ultrasound

Define ultra sound.

Describe the uses of ultra sound incleaning, quality control and pre-natalscanning.

 

SECTION V ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

TOPIC 17: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

  LAWS OFMAGNETISM

State the properties of magnetPermanent magnets

 

Describe induced magnetism  

MAGNETICPROPERTIES OF

MATTER

State the differences betweenmagnetic, non-magnetic andmagnetised materials

D.C power supply, ironbar, permanentmagnets, compass

 

Describe electrical methods of magnetisation anddemagnetisation

 

Describe the plotting of magnetic

filed lines with a compass

 

State the differences between theproperties of temporary magnets(e.g. iron) and permanent magnet(e.g. steel)

 

Describe uses of permanentmagnets and electromagnets

 

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Explain the choice of material for,and use of, magnetic screening

 

Decribe the use of magnetic

materials in audio/video tapes

 

ELECTROMAGNETISM

Describe the pattern of themagnetic field due to the currentsin straight wires and in solenoidsand state the effect on themagnetic field of changing themagnitude and direction of thecurrent

Iron filings, long thickwire, solenoid

 

Describe applications of themagnetic effect of a current in

relays, circuit-breakers andloudspeakers

Relay, circuit-breaker,

loudspeaker 

 

TOPIC 18: STATIC ELECTRICITY

 LAWS OF

ELECTROSTATICS

Describe experiments to showelectrostatic charging by friction.

Electrostatics Kit

 

Explain that charging of solidsinvolves a movement of electrons.  

State that there are positive andnegative charges and that charge

is measured in coulombs.  

State that unlike charges attractand like charges repel.  

Principles of electrostatics

Describe an electric field as aregion in which an electric chargeexperiences a force.

 

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State the direction of lines of forceand describe simple field patterns.

 

Describe the separation of chargesby induction.

 

Discuss the differences betweenelectrical conductors andinsulators and state examples of each.

Citation of examples

 

Applications of electrostatics

state what is meant by "earthing" acharged object.

 

Describe examples where

charging could be a problem e.g.lightning Citation of examples  

Describe examples wherecharging is helpful e.g'sphotocopier and electrostaticprecipitator.

Citation of examples

 

TOPIC 19: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Current State that a current is a flow of charge and that current ismeasured in amperes.

 

Do calculations using the equationcharge = current x time.

Problem solving 

Describe the use of an ammeter with different ranges.

ammeter,milliammeter,multimeter 

 

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Electromotive force

Explain that electromotive force(e.m.f.) is measured by the energydissipated by a source in driving a

unit charge around a completecircuit.

 

State that e.m.f. is workdone/charge.

Problem solving

 

Electromotive force

State that the volt is given by J/C. Problem solving

 

Calculate the total e.m.f. whereseveral sources are arranged in

series and discuss how this isused in the design of batteries.

 

Discuss the advantage of making abattery from several equal voltagesources of e.m.f. arranged inparallel.

 

Potential difference State that the potential differenceacross a circuit component ismeasured in volts.

 

state that the p.d. across a

component in a circuit is given bythe work done in thecomponent/charge passed throughthe component

 

(k) describe the use of a voltmeter with different ranges.

Voltmeter, multimeter   

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Resistance

State that resistance =p.d./current and use the equationresistance = voltage/current in

calculations.

Problem solving

 Describe an experiment tomeasure the resistance of ametallic conductor using avoltmeter and an ammeter andmake the necessary calculations.

Voltmeter, leads,ammeter, variableresistors, battery &Problem solving

 

Discuss the temperature limitationon Ohm's Law.

 

*use quantitatively the

proportionality between resistanceand the length and thecrosssectional area of a wire.

I.T. Presentation

 

Calculate the net effect of anumber of resistors in series and inparallel.

Problem solving

 

Resistance

Describe the effect of temperatureincrease on the resistance of aresistor and a filament lamp anddraw the respective sketch graphs

of current/voltage.

Graph work

 

Describe the operation of a light-dependent resistor.

Light dependengresistor 

 

TOPIC 20: D.C. CIRCUITS

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Current and

potential differencein circuits

*Draw circuit diagrams with power sources (cell, battery or a.c.mains), switches (closed and

open), resistors (fixed andvariable), light dependent resistors,lamps, ammeters, voltmeters,magnetising coils, bells, fuses,relays, light-emitting diodes and

IT Presentation

 

Series and parallelcircuits

State that the current at everypoint in a series circuit is the same,and use this in calculations.

Problem solving

 

Difference across the whole circuit

and use this in calculations. 

State that the current from thesource is the sum of the currents inthe separate branches of a parallelcircuit.  

Do calculations on the wholecircuit, recalling and usingformulae including R = V/I and of aparallel circuit.  

TOPIC 21: PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY

Uses of electricity Describe the use of electricity inheating, lighting and motors.

Citation of examples  

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Do calculations using theequations power = voltage xcurrent, and energy = voltage x

current x time.

Problem solving

 Calculate the cost of usingelectrical appliances where theenergy unit is the kWh.

 

Dangers of electricity

State the hazards of damagedinsulation, overheating of cablesand damp conditions.

Citation of examples

 

Safe use of electricity in the

home

Explain the use of fuses and circuitbreakers and fuse ratings andcircuit breaker settings.

Fuses, circuit breaker  

Explain the need for earthing metalcases and for double insulation.

 

State the meaning of the termslive, neutral and earth.

 

Describe how to wire a mains plug. 3-pin plug 

Explain why switches, fuses andcircuit breakers are wired into the

live conductor.

 

TOPIC 22: ELECTROMAGNETISM

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 Force on a current-carrying conductor 

Describe experiments to show theforce on a current-carryingconductor, and on a beam of 

charged particles, in a magneticfield, including the effect of reversing (1) the current, (2) thedirection of the field.

d.c power supply,

insulated tong wire,major magnet

 

State the relative directions of force, field and current.

 

Force on a current-carrying conductor 

Describe the field patternsbetween currents in parallelconductors and relate these to theforces which exist between theconductors (excluding the Earth'sfield).

Vertical parallel thickwire, low voltage

power supply 

The d.c. motor 

Explain how a current-carrying coilin a magnetic field experiences aturning effect and that the effect isincreased by increasing (1) thenumber of turns on the coil (2) thecurrent.

 

Discuss how this turning effect isused in the action of an electricmotor.

d.c. power supply, d.c.

motor   

Describe the action of a split-ringcommutator in a two-pole, singlecoil motor and the effect of windingthe coil onto a soft-iron cylinder.

model of d.c. motor 

 

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TOPIC 23: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

 

Principles of electromagnetic

induction

Describe an experiment which

shows that a changing magneticfield can induce an e.m.f. in acircuit.

Galvanometer,

permanent magnet andSolenoid

 

State the factors affecting themagnitude of the induced e.m.f.

 

State that the direction of a currentproduced by an induced e.m.f.opposes the change producing it(Lenz's Law) and describe how thislaw may be demonstrated.

 

The a.c. generator 

Describe a simple form of a.c.generator (rotating coil or rotatingmagnet) and the use of slip ringswhere needed.

Dynamo

 

*Sketch a graph of voltage outputagainst time for a simple a.c.generator.

 

The transformer Describe the structure andprinciple of operation of a simple

iron-cored transformer.

transformer model

 

State the advantages of highvoltage transmission.

 

Discuss the environmental andcost implications of undergroundpower transmission compared to

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overhead lines.

24. Introductory Electronics

 

Thermionicemission

State that electrons are emitted bya hot metal filament.

 

Explain that to cause a continuousflow of emitted electrons requires(1) high positive potential and (2)very low gas pressure.

 

Describe the deflection of anelectron beam by electric fields

and magnetic fields.

 

State that the flow of electrons(electron current) is from negativeto positive and is in the oppositedirection to conventional current

 

Simple treatment of cathode-rayoscilloscope

Describe in outline the basicstructure and action of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (detailed circuitsare not required).

Demonstration of CRO

 

Describe the use of a cathode-rayoscilloscope to display waveformsand to measure p.d.'s and shortintervals of time (detailed circuitsare not required).

 

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Action and use of circuit components

Explain how the values of resistorsare chosen according to a colour code and why widely different

values are needed in differenttypes of circuit.

 

Discuss the need to choosecomponents with suitable power ratings.

 

Describe the action of thermistorsand light-dependent resistors andexplain their use as input sensors.

Demonstration of LDR

 

Describe the action of a variablepotential divider (potentiometer).

Demonstration of potentiometer   

Describe the action of a capacitor as a charge store and explain itsuse in time delay circuits.

Demonstration of Capacitors, reedswitch and reed relay

 

Describe the action of a reedswitch and reed relay.  

Explain the use of reed relays inswitching circuits.  

Describe and explain circuits

operating as light-sensitiveswitches and temperatureoperated alarms (using a reedrelay or other circuits).  

State the meaning of the termsprocessor, output device andfeedback.  

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TOPIC 25: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

 

Switching and logiccircuits

Describe the action of a bipolar npn transistor as an electricallyoperated switch and explain its usein switching circuits.

Handson Electronic

Logic Kit

*Electronic Systems areOptional topic

State in words and in truth tableform, the action of the followinglogic gates, AND, OR, NAND,NOR and NOT(inverter).

 

State the symbols for the logicgates listed above (American ANSIY 32.14 symbols will be used).

 

Bistable andastable circuits

Describe the use of a bistablecircuit.

 

Discuss the fact that bistablecircuits exhibit the property of memory.

 

Describe the use of an astablecircuit (pulse generator).

 

Describe how the frequency of anastable circuit is related to the

values of the resistive andcapacitative components.

 

SECTION VI ATOMIC PHYSICS

TOPIC 26. RADIOACTIVITY

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 Detection of radioactivity

Describe the detection of alpha-particles, beta-particles andgamma-rays by appropriate

methods.

3 Radioactive

resources  

Characteristics of the three types of 

emission

State and explain the randomemission of radioactivity indirection and time.  

State, for radioactive emissions,their nature, relative ionisingeffects and relative penetratingpowers.

IT Presentation

 

Describe the deflection of radioactive emissions in electric

fields and magnetic fields.  Explain what is meant byradioactive decay.  

Nuclear reactions

Explain the processes of fusionand fission.  

Describe with the aid of a blockdiagram one type of fission reactor for use in a power station.  

Discuss theories of star formationand their energy production byfusion.  

Half-life Explain what is meant by the termhalf-life.  

Make calculations based on half-life which might involve informationin tables or shown by decaycurves.

 

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Uses of radioactiveisotopes includingsafety precautions

Describe how radioactive materialsare handled, used and stored in asafe way.  

Discuss the way in which the typeof radiation emitted and the half-life determine the use for thematerial.  

Discuss the origins and effect of background radiation.  

Discuss the dating of objects bythe use of 14C.

TOPIC 27: THE NUCLEAR ATOM

 

Atomic model

Describe the structure of the atomin terms of nucleus and electrons.

IT Presentation

 

Describe how the Geiger-Marsdenalpha-particle scatteringexperiment provides evidence for the nuclear atom.  

Nucleus Describe the composition of thenucleus in terms of protons andneutrons.  

Define the terms proton number (atomic number), Z and nucleonnumber (mass number), A.

 

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Explain the term nuclide and usethe nuclide notation A Z X toconstruct equations where

radioactive decay leads tochanges in the composition of thenucleus.  

Define the term isotope.  

Explain, using nuclide notation,how one element may have anumber of isotopes.  

ANY QUERIES PLEASE REFER TO MOHD KHAIRUL AZMI BIN KASSIM – MAKTAB SAINS PADUKA SERIBEGAWAN SULTAN

E-mail address [email protected]

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