physics for 2 year programme (yr 9 & 10)

8/14/2019 Physics for 2 Year Programme (Yr 9 & 10)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/physics-for-2-year-programme-yr-9-10 1/33

Proposed Teaching Scheme for Year 9

Topics SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

SECTION 1 - GENERAL PHYSICS

1. PHYSICAL

QUANTITIESAND UNITS

MEASUREMENT

TECHNIQUES

Describe how to measure a variety of

lengths with appropriate accuracyusing tapes, rules, micrometers and

calipers using a verneir.

Practical activity:-

All appropriatesinstruments for measuring

mass, length, time andvolume

http://www.phy.ntnu.e

du.tw/ntnujava/viewto pic.php?t=69

Describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and

stopwatches

Practical activity:- Usingstopwatch, pendulum

Describe how to measure mass and

weight by using appropriate balances

Lever balance & spring

balance

UNITS AND

SYMBOLS

Recognise and use conventions and

symbols contained in 'signs, Symbolsand Systematics.' associations for

Science Education, 1995

Citation of examples

2. KINEMATICS

SPEED,

VELOCITY ANDACCELERATION

State what is meant by speed and velocity.

Practical activity:- Ticker

timer, ticker tape, trolleysand inclined plane

Calculate average speed using distance

travelled / time taken.

1



State what is meant by uniform

acceleration

http:www.walterfendt.

de/ph14e/

Calculate the value of acceleration

using change in velocity / time-taken

Calculate the value of accelerationusing change in velocity / time-taken.

GRAPHICALANALYSIS OF

MOTION

Plot and interpret a speed-time graph Graph plotting

Recognise shape of a speed-time graphwhen body is

1. at rest

2. moving with uniform speed and

3. moving with uniform acceleration

4. moving with non-uniformacceleration

Calculate the area under speed-timegraph to determine the distance

travelled for motion with uniformspeed or uniform acceleration

Problem solving

FREE FALL State that the acceleration of free-fall

for a body near to the earth is constant

and is approximately 10 m/s2.

Graph sketches

describe qualitatively the motion of bodies with constant weight falling

with and without air resistance(including reference to terminal

velocity)

3. DYNAMICS

BALANCED AND State Newton's third law Citation of examples

2



UNBALANCED

FORCES

describe the effect of balanced and

unbalanced forces on a body

Do calculations using the equation

Force = mass ´ acceleration

Problem solving

FRICTION Explain the effects of friction on the

motion of the body.


*Discuss the effect of friction on the

motion of a vehicle in the context of tyre surface, road conditions (including

skidding), braking force, braking

distance and stopping distance)

Slide presentation

CIRCULAR

MOTION

Describe qualitatively motion in a

circular path due to a constant perpendicular force, including

electrostatic forces on an electron in an

atom and gravitational forces on asatellite, (F = mv2/r is not required)

Discuss how ideas of circular motionare related to the motion of planets in

the solar system

4. MASS, WEIGHT & DENSITY

MASS & WEIGHT State that mass is a measure of theamount of substance in a body

Demonstration

State that mass of a body resists

change from its state of rest or motion

State that a gravitational field is aregion in which mass experience a

force due to gravitational attraction

3



Calculate weight from the equation:

weight = mass ́ gravitational fieldstrength

Problem solving

Explain that two weights, and thereforemasses, can be compared using a

balance

Beam balance

DENSITY Describe how to use a measuring

cylinder to measure the volume of solid

or liquid

Measuring cylinder

Describe experiments to determine the

density of a liquid, of a regularlyshaped solid, of an irregularly shaped

solid which sinks in water (method of displacement)

Practical activity

-Plasticine, thread,measuring cylinder,

eureka can, vernier calipers

Make calculations using formula:density = mass/ volume

Problem solving

SCALARS ANDVECTORS

Define the terms scalar and vector

List the vectors and scalars fromdistance, displacement, length, speed,

velocity, time, acceleration, mass andforce


Determine the resultant of two vectors

by a graphical method

construction

4



5. TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES

MOMENTS Describe the moment of a force in

terms of its turning effect and give

everyday examples

Demonstration:

Balancing a lever,

weights, wedge, metrerule

State the principle of moments for a

body in equilibrium

Make calculations using: Problem solving

1. Moment of a force = force ´ perpendicular distance from the pivot

2. the principles of moments

perform and describe experiment to

verify principle of moments

Practical Activity - Meter

rule, pin, weights, string,stand, clamp, boss

Describe how to determine the position

of the centre of mass of a plane lamina

Practical activity: Thick

uniform card, plumbline,stand, clamp, boss

Describe qualitatively the effect of the

position of the centre of mass on thestability of simple objects


6. DEFORMATION

ELASTICDEFORMATION

state that a force may produce a changein size and shape of a body

Practical Activity:-Plasticene, spring slotted

weight

plot, draw and interpret extension-loadgraphs for elastic solids and describe the

associated experimental procedure

Graph work

5



Recognise the significance of the term

'Limit of proportionality' for an elasticsolid

Calculate extensions for an elastic solidusing proportionality

Problem solving

7. PRESSURE

PRESSURE Define the term pressure in terms of force and area, and do calculations

using the equation: pressure = force ´

area

Problem solving

Explain how pressure varies with forceand area in the context of everyday

examples.


Describe how the height of a liquid

column may be used to measure theatmospheric pressure

Barometer

PRESSURE

CHANGES

Explain quantitatively how the

pressure beneath a liquid surfaceschanges with depth and density of the

liquid in appropriate examples

Citation of examples and

problem solving

Describe the use of a manometer in the

measurement of pressure difference

Manometer

Describe and explain the transmissionof pressure in hydraulic systems with

particular reference to the hydraulic

press and hydraulic brakes on vehicles

Hydraulic model, citationof examples, problem

solving

6



Describe how a change in volume of a

fixed mass of gas at constanttemperature is caused by a change in

pressure applied to the gas


Do calculations using p1v1 = p2v2 Problem solving

8. ENERGY, WORK & POWER

ENERGY

CONVERSIONAND

CONSERVATION

List the different forms of energy with

examples in which each forms occurs

Citation of simple

examples

state the principle of the conservation

of energy and apply this principle tothe conversion of energy from one

form to another

Application of examples

State that kinetic energy Ek = 1/2 mv2

and that potential energy Ep = mgh

and use these equations in calculations

Problem solving

MAJOR SOURCES

OF ENERGY

List renewable and non-renewable

energy sources

Citation of simple

examples

Describe quantitively the processes of

the following sources of energy beingconverted from one form to another:

Group Presentation

(project)

1. chemical/fuel energy (a regrouping

of atoms)

2. hydroelectric generation

(emphasising the mechanical energiesinvolved)

3. Solar energy (nuclei of atoms in theSun)

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4. nuclear energy

5. geothermal energy

6. wind energyExplain nuclear fusion and fission in

terms of energy releasing processes

Do calculations using the mass-energyequation E = mc2

Problem solving

Descibe the process of electricity

generation and draw a block diagramof the process from the fuel input to

electricity output

BLOCK DIAGRAM

DRAWING

Descibe the environmental issuesassociated with power generation

Class Project

WORK Calculate workdone from the formulawork = force ´ distance moved in the

line of action of the force

Problem solving

EFFICIENCY Calculate the efficiency of the energyconversion using the formula: Energy

= energy converted to the required

form / total energy output

Problem solving

Discuss the efficiency of energyconversions in common use,

particularly those giving electrical

output

citation of examples

Discuss the usefulness of the energy

output from a number of energyconversions


8



POWER calculate power from the formula:power = workdone / time taken

Problem solving

9. TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGYCONDUCTION Describe experiments on how to

distinguish between good and bad

conductors of heat

Demonstration:Conduction kits

Describe in molecular terms how heattransfer occurs in solids

CONVECTION Describe convection in fluids in termsof density changes

Demonstration:Convection kits

RADIATION Describe the process of heat transfer

by radiation.

Demonstration:

Radiation Kits

Describe how to distinguish between

good and bad emitters and good and bad absorbers on infra-red radiation

TOTAL TRANSFER Describe how heat is transferred to or from a buildings and to or from a room


State and explain the use of the

important practical methods of heat

insulation for buildings.

10. TEMPERATURE

9.1 PRINCIPLES OFTHERMOMETRY

Explain how a physical propertywhich vary with temperature being

used for the measurement of temperature and state examples of

such properties

Thermometer model

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Explain the need for fixed points and

state what is meant by the ice-pointand steam point

Discuss sensitivity, range and linearityof thermometers

describe how a given property is used

to measure temperature

LIQUID-IN-GLASS

THERMOMETER

Describe the structure and action of

liquid-in-glass thermometers(including clinical) and of a

thermocouple thermometer, showingan appreciation of its use for

measuring high temperatures and

those which vary rapidly.

Laboratory and clinical

thermometer, andthermocouple

11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

SPECIFIC HEAT

CAPACITY

Describe a rise in temperature of a

body in terms of an increase in itsinternal energy (random thermal

energy)

Slide presentation

Describe the terms heat capacity and

specific heat capacity

calculate heat transferred using the

formula thermal energy = mass xspecific heat capacity x change in

temperature

Problem solving

Describe melting / solidification and

boiling / condensation in terms of energy transfer without the change in

temperature.

Slide presentation

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MELTING AND

BOILING

state the meaning of melting point and

boiling point

BOILING AND

EVAPORATION

Explain the difference between

boiling and evaporation

SPECIFIC LATENTHEAT

define the terms latent heat andspecific latent heat

Explain latent heat in terms of

molecular behaviour

calculate heat transferred in the change

of state using the formula thermal

energy = mass x specific latent heat

Problem solving

THERMALEXPANSION OF

SOLIDS, LIQUIDSAND GASES

Describe qualitatively the thermalexpansion of solids, liquids and gases

Slide presentation

describe the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of solids,

liquids and gases

Identify and explain some of the

everday applications andconsequences of thermal expansion


Describe qualitatively the effect of a

change of temperature on the volumeof gas at constant pressure.

Graph work

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12. KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER

STATES OFMATTER

State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases

Slide presentation anddemonstration

MOLECULAR

MODEL

Describe qualitatively the molecular

structure of solids, liquids and gases,relating their properties to the forces and

distances between molecules and to themotion of molecules

Describe the relationship between the

motion of the molecules andtemperature.

Explain the pressure of a gas in termsof the motion of its molecules

EVAPORATION describe evaporation in terms of theescape of more energetic molecules

from the surface of a liquid

describe how temperature, surface areaand draught over a surface influence

evaporation

explain that evaporation causes cooling

13. GENERAL WAVE PROPERTIES

DESCRIBING

WAVE MOTION

Describe what is meant by wave

motion as illustrated by vibration in

ropes, springs and by experimentsusing a ripple tank

Slinky spring, ripple tank

WAVE TERMS state what is meant by the term Slide Presentation

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wavefront

Define the terms speed, frequency,wavelength and amplitude and do

calculation using c = f ´ l

Wave drawing & problem solving

WAVE

BEHAVIOUR

Describe longitudinal and tranverse

waves in such a way as to illustrate the

differences between them

Slinky spring, ripple tank

describe the use of a ripple tank toshow

1. reflection at a plane surface

2. refraction due to a change in speed

at constant frequency

describe simple experiments to showthe reflection and refraction of sound

waves

Signal generator,Microphone, tube,

C.R.O., balloon filled

with carbon dioxide gas

14. LIGHT

REFLECTION OF

LIGHT

Define the terms used in reflection

including normal, angle of incidenceand angle of reflection

Practical activity: Ray-

box, plane mirror, Optical pins, Constructions, angle

measurement & Problemsolving

Describe an experiment to illustrate the

laws of reflection

Describe an experiment to find the

position and characteristics of anoptical image formed by a plane mirror

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state that for reflection, the angle of

incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and use this in constructions,

measurements and calculations

REFRACTION OFLIGHT

Define the terms used in refractionincluding angle of incidence, angle of

refraction and refractive index

Practical Activity: Ray- box, glass blocks, Light

ray construction, drawing

paper

Describe experiments to show

refraction of light through glass blocks

Use equation sin i / sin r = n (refractive

index)

Problem solving

Define the terms critical angle and

total internal reflection

Semicircular glass block,

ray box

Describe experiments to show totalinternal reflection

Describe the use of optical fibres in

telecommunications and state the

advantanges of their use.

THINCONVERGING

LENS

Describe the action of a thinconverging lens on a beam of light

Practical Activity:Convex and concave

lenses, ray box

Define the term focal length*Draw ray diagrams to illustrate theformation of real and virtual images of

an object by lens

construction

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Define the terms linear magnification

and *draw scale diagrams to determinethe focal length needed for particular

values of magnification (converginglens only)

construction

Describe the use of a single lens as a

magnifying glass and in a camera, projector and photographic enlarger

and draw ray diagrams to show howeach forms an image

construction

Draw ray-diagrams to show formation

of images in the normal eye, a short-sighted eye and a long-sighted eye

Ray diagram construction

Describe the correction of short-

sighted and long sighted

15. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

DISPERSION OFLIGHT

Describe the dispersion of light asillustrated by the action on light of a

glass prism

white light source, glass prism

state the colours of the spectrum and

explain how the colours are related tofrequency or wavelength

13.1 PROPERTIESOF

ELECTROMAGNE

TIC WAVES

State that all electromagnetic wavesare transverse waves that travel with

the same high speed in vacuo and state

the magnitude of this speed.

Slide Presentation:Identification of

components in E.M.

spectrum

Describe the main components of theelectromagnetic spectrum

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APPICATIONS OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Discuss the role of the following

components in the stated appications

1. Radiowaves - radio and television

communication

2 . Microwaves - satellite televisionand telephone

3. Infra-red - household electricalappliance, television controllers and

intruder alarms

4. Light - optical fibres in medical uses

and telephone

5. Ultra-violet - sunbeds, flourescent

tubes and sterilisation

6. X-rays - hospital use and

engineering applications

7. Gamma rays and their use inmedical treatment

16. SOUND WAVES

SOUND WAVES Describe the production of sound by

vibrating sources

Metre rule, tuning fork

describe the longitudinal nature of

sound waves and describecompression and rarefraction

Slinky spring

State the approximate range of audiblefrequencies

Explain why a medium is required in

order to transmit sound waves and

describe an experiment to demonstratethis

Bell Jar experiment

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SPEED OF SOUND Describe a direct method for

determination of the speed of sound inair and make necessary calculation

Problem solving

State the order of magnitude of the

speeds of sound in air, liquids andsolids

Slide Presentation

Explain how the loudness and pitch of sound waves relate to amplitude and

frequency

describe how the reflection of sound

may produced an echo

Describe the factors which influence

the quality (timbre) of sound wavesand how these factors may be

demonstrated by using CRO

ULTRASOUND Define ultra sound

describe the uses of ultra sound in

cleaning, quality control and prenatalscreening

17



PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 10

TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

TOPIC 16 - SOUND

Sound waves

Describe the production of soundby vibrating sources.

Metre rule, tuning fork

Describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves and describecompression and rarefaction.

Slinky spring

State the approximate range of audible frequencies.

Explain why a medium is requiredin order to transmit sound wavesand describe an experiment todemonstrate this.

Bell Jar experiment

Speed of sound Describe a direct method for thedetermination of the speed of sound in air and make thenecessary calculation.

Problem solving

State the order of magnitude of thespeeds of sound in air, liquids andsolids.

IT Presentation

Explain how the loudness and pitchof sound waves relate to amplitudeand frequency.

18



Describe how the reflection of sound may produce an echo.

Describe the factors which

influence the quality (timbre) of sound waves and how thesefactors may be demonstrated usinga CRO.

Ultrasound

Define ultra sound.

Describe the uses of ultra sound incleaning, quality control and pre-natalscanning.

SECTION V ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

TOPIC 17: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

LAWS OFMAGNETISM

State the properties of magnetPermanent magnets

Describe induced magnetism

MAGNETICPROPERTIES OF

MATTER

State the differences betweenmagnetic, non-magnetic andmagnetised materials

D.C power supply, ironbar, permanentmagnets, compass

Describe electrical methods of magnetisation anddemagnetisation

Describe the plotting of magnetic

filed lines with a compass

State the differences between theproperties of temporary magnets(e.g. iron) and permanent magnet(e.g. steel)

Describe uses of permanentmagnets and electromagnets

19



Explain the choice of material for,and use of, magnetic screening

Decribe the use of magnetic

materials in audio/video tapes

ELECTROMAGNETISM

Describe the pattern of themagnetic field due to the currentsin straight wires and in solenoidsand state the effect on themagnetic field of changing themagnitude and direction of thecurrent

Iron filings, long thickwire, solenoid

Describe applications of themagnetic effect of a current in

relays, circuit-breakers andloudspeakers

Relay, circuit-breaker,

loudspeaker

TOPIC 18: STATIC ELECTRICITY

LAWS OF

ELECTROSTATICS

Describe experiments to showelectrostatic charging by friction.

Electrostatics Kit

Explain that charging of solidsinvolves a movement of electrons.

State that there are positive andnegative charges and that charge

is measured in coulombs.

State that unlike charges attractand like charges repel.

Principles of electrostatics

Describe an electric field as aregion in which an electric chargeexperiences a force.

20



State the direction of lines of forceand describe simple field patterns.

Describe the separation of chargesby induction.

Discuss the differences betweenelectrical conductors andinsulators and state examples of each.


Applications of electrostatics

state what is meant by "earthing" acharged object.

Describe examples where

charging could be a problem e.g.lightning Citation of examples

Describe examples wherecharging is helpful e.g'sphotocopier and electrostaticprecipitator.


TOPIC 19: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Current State that a current is a flow of charge and that current ismeasured in amperes.

Do calculations using the equationcharge = current x time.

Problem solving

Describe the use of an ammeter with different ranges.

ammeter,milliammeter,multimeter

21



Electromotive force

Explain that electromotive force(e.m.f.) is measured by the energydissipated by a source in driving a

unit charge around a completecircuit.

State that e.m.f. is workdone/charge.

Problem solving

Electromotive force

State that the volt is given by J/C. Problem solving

Calculate the total e.m.f. whereseveral sources are arranged in

series and discuss how this isused in the design of batteries.

Discuss the advantage of making abattery from several equal voltagesources of e.m.f. arranged inparallel.

Potential difference State that the potential differenceacross a circuit component ismeasured in volts.

state that the p.d. across a

component in a circuit is given bythe work done in thecomponent/charge passed throughthe component

(k) describe the use of a voltmeter with different ranges.

Voltmeter, multimeter

22



Resistance

State that resistance =p.d./current and use the equationresistance = voltage/current in

calculations.

Problem solving

Describe an experiment tomeasure the resistance of ametallic conductor using avoltmeter and an ammeter andmake the necessary calculations.

Voltmeter, leads,ammeter, variableresistors, battery &Problem solving

Discuss the temperature limitationon Ohm's Law.

*use quantitatively the

proportionality between resistanceand the length and thecrosssectional area of a wire.

I.T. Presentation

Calculate the net effect of anumber of resistors in series and inparallel.

Problem solving

Resistance

Describe the effect of temperatureincrease on the resistance of aresistor and a filament lamp anddraw the respective sketch graphs

of current/voltage.

Graph work

Describe the operation of a light-dependent resistor.

Light dependengresistor

TOPIC 20: D.C. CIRCUITS

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Current and

potential differencein circuits

*Draw circuit diagrams with power sources (cell, battery or a.c.mains), switches (closed and

open), resistors (fixed andvariable), light dependent resistors,lamps, ammeters, voltmeters,magnetising coils, bells, fuses,relays, light-emitting diodes and

IT Presentation

Series and parallelcircuits

State that the current at everypoint in a series circuit is the same,and use this in calculations.

Problem solving

Difference across the whole circuit

and use this in calculations.

State that the current from thesource is the sum of the currents inthe separate branches of a parallelcircuit.

Do calculations on the wholecircuit, recalling and usingformulae including R = V/I and of aparallel circuit.

TOPIC 21: PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY

Uses of electricity Describe the use of electricity inheating, lighting and motors.


24



Do calculations using theequations power = voltage xcurrent, and energy = voltage x

current x time.

Problem solving

Calculate the cost of usingelectrical appliances where theenergy unit is the kWh.

Dangers of electricity

State the hazards of damagedinsulation, overheating of cablesand damp conditions.


Safe use of electricity in the

home

Explain the use of fuses and circuitbreakers and fuse ratings andcircuit breaker settings.

Fuses, circuit breaker

Explain the need for earthing metalcases and for double insulation.

State the meaning of the termslive, neutral and earth.

Describe how to wire a mains plug. 3-pin plug

Explain why switches, fuses andcircuit breakers are wired into the

live conductor.

TOPIC 22: ELECTROMAGNETISM

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Force on a current-carrying conductor

Describe experiments to show theforce on a current-carryingconductor, and on a beam of

charged particles, in a magneticfield, including the effect of reversing (1) the current, (2) thedirection of the field.

d.c power supply,

insulated tong wire,major magnet

State the relative directions of force, field and current.

Force on a current-carrying conductor

Describe the field patternsbetween currents in parallelconductors and relate these to theforces which exist between theconductors (excluding the Earth'sfield).

Vertical parallel thickwire, low voltage

power supply

The d.c. motor

Explain how a current-carrying coilin a magnetic field experiences aturning effect and that the effect isincreased by increasing (1) thenumber of turns on the coil (2) thecurrent.

Discuss how this turning effect isused in the action of an electricmotor.

d.c. power supply, d.c.

motor

Describe the action of a split-ringcommutator in a two-pole, singlecoil motor and the effect of windingthe coil onto a soft-iron cylinder.

model of d.c. motor

26



TOPIC 23: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Principles of electromagnetic

induction

Describe an experiment which

shows that a changing magneticfield can induce an e.m.f. in acircuit.

Galvanometer,

permanent magnet andSolenoid

State the factors affecting themagnitude of the induced e.m.f.

State that the direction of a currentproduced by an induced e.m.f.opposes the change producing it(Lenz's Law) and describe how thislaw may be demonstrated.

The a.c. generator

Describe a simple form of a.c.generator (rotating coil or rotatingmagnet) and the use of slip ringswhere needed.

Dynamo

*Sketch a graph of voltage outputagainst time for a simple a.c.generator.

The transformer Describe the structure andprinciple of operation of a simple

iron-cored transformer.

transformer model

State the advantages of highvoltage transmission.

Discuss the environmental andcost implications of undergroundpower transmission compared to

27



overhead lines.

24. Introductory Electronics

Thermionicemission

State that electrons are emitted bya hot metal filament.

Explain that to cause a continuousflow of emitted electrons requires(1) high positive potential and (2)very low gas pressure.

Describe the deflection of anelectron beam by electric fields

and magnetic fields.

State that the flow of electrons(electron current) is from negativeto positive and is in the oppositedirection to conventional current

Simple treatment of cathode-rayoscilloscope

Describe in outline the basicstructure and action of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (detailed circuitsare not required).

Demonstration of CRO

Describe the use of a cathode-rayoscilloscope to display waveformsand to measure p.d.'s and shortintervals of time (detailed circuitsare not required).

28



Action and use of circuit components

Explain how the values of resistorsare chosen according to a colour code and why widely different

values are needed in differenttypes of circuit.

Discuss the need to choosecomponents with suitable power ratings.

Describe the action of thermistorsand light-dependent resistors andexplain their use as input sensors.

Demonstration of LDR

Describe the action of a variablepotential divider (potentiometer).

Demonstration of potentiometer

Describe the action of a capacitor as a charge store and explain itsuse in time delay circuits.

Demonstration of Capacitors, reedswitch and reed relay

Describe the action of a reedswitch and reed relay.

Explain the use of reed relays inswitching circuits.

Describe and explain circuits

operating as light-sensitiveswitches and temperatureoperated alarms (using a reedrelay or other circuits).

State the meaning of the termsprocessor, output device andfeedback.

29



TOPIC 25: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

Switching and logiccircuits

Describe the action of a bipolar npn transistor as an electricallyoperated switch and explain its usein switching circuits.

Handson Electronic

Logic Kit

*Electronic Systems areOptional topic

State in words and in truth tableform, the action of the followinglogic gates, AND, OR, NAND,NOR and NOT(inverter).

State the symbols for the logicgates listed above (American ANSIY 32.14 symbols will be used).

Bistable andastable circuits

Describe the use of a bistablecircuit.

Discuss the fact that bistablecircuits exhibit the property of memory.

Describe the use of an astablecircuit (pulse generator).

Describe how the frequency of anastable circuit is related to the

values of the resistive andcapacitative components.

SECTION VI ATOMIC PHYSICS

TOPIC 26. RADIOACTIVITY

30



Detection of radioactivity

Describe the detection of alpha-particles, beta-particles andgamma-rays by appropriate

methods.

3 Radioactive

resources

Characteristics of the three types of

emission

State and explain the randomemission of radioactivity indirection and time.

State, for radioactive emissions,their nature, relative ionisingeffects and relative penetratingpowers.

IT Presentation

Describe the deflection of radioactive emissions in electric

fields and magnetic fields. Explain what is meant byradioactive decay.

Nuclear reactions

Explain the processes of fusionand fission.

Describe with the aid of a blockdiagram one type of fission reactor for use in a power station.

Discuss theories of star formationand their energy production byfusion.

Half-life Explain what is meant by the termhalf-life.

Make calculations based on half-life which might involve informationin tables or shown by decaycurves.

31



Uses of radioactiveisotopes includingsafety precautions

Describe how radioactive materialsare handled, used and stored in asafe way.

Discuss the way in which the typeof radiation emitted and the half-life determine the use for thematerial.

Discuss the origins and effect of background radiation.

Discuss the dating of objects bythe use of 14C.

TOPIC 27: THE NUCLEAR ATOM

Atomic model

Describe the structure of the atomin terms of nucleus and electrons.

IT Presentation

Describe how the Geiger-Marsdenalpha-particle scatteringexperiment provides evidence for the nuclear atom.

Nucleus Describe the composition of thenucleus in terms of protons andneutrons.

Define the terms proton number (atomic number), Z and nucleonnumber (mass number), A.

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Explain the term nuclide and usethe nuclide notation A Z X toconstruct equations where

radioactive decay leads tochanges in the composition of thenucleus.

Define the term isotope.

Explain, using nuclide notation,how one element may have anumber of isotopes.

ANY QUERIES PLEASE REFER TO MOHD KHAIRUL AZMI BIN KASSIM – MAKTAB SAINS PADUKA SERIBEGAWAN SULTAN

E-mail address [email protected]

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physics for 2 year programme (yr 9 & 10)

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