iNCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (adopted 2000)

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

HEAT CONSTANTS

Specific Melting BoilingHeat (average) Point Point

(kJ/kg�°C) or (J/g�°C) (°C) (°C)

Alcohol (ethyl) 2.43 (liq.) �117 79Aluminum 0.90 (sol.) 660 2467Ammonia 4.71 (liq.) �78 �33Copper 0.39 (sol.) 1083 2567Iron 0.45 (sol.) 1535 2750Lead 0.13 (sol.) 328 1740Mercury 0.14 (liq.) �39 357Platinum 0.13 (sol.) 1772 3827Silver 0.24 (sol.) 962 2212Tungsten 0.13 (sol.) 3410 5660Water (solid) 2.05 (sol.) 0Water (liquid) 4.18 (liq.) 100Water (vapor) 2.01 (gas)Zinc 0.39 (sol.) 420 907

WAVELENGTHS OF

LIGHT IN A VACUUM

Violet 4.0 – 4.2 10 mBlue 4.2 – 4.9 10 mGreen 4.9 – 5.7 10 mYellow 5.7 – 5.9 10 mOrange 5.9 – 6.5 10 mRed 6.5 – 7.0 10 m

–7

–7

–7

–7

–7

–7

××××××

THE INDEX OF REFRACTION

FOR COMMON SUBSTANCES

Air 1.00Alcohol 1.36Canada Balsam 1.53Corn Oil 1.47Diamond 2.42Glass, Crown 1.52Glass, Flint 1.61Glycerol 1.47Lucite 1.50Quartz, Fused 1.46Water 1.33

(λ = ×5.9 10 m)–7

*

0

Ç+)

]

Ç)1

Ç*/

h

9[[]d]jYlagf�\m]�lg�_jYnalq _ 1&0�e'k'k�gj�e'k

Kh]]\�g^�da_`l�af�Y�nY[mme [ +&(( )( �e'k

=d][ljgf�j]kl�eYkk e 1&)) )( �c_

=d][ljgf�[`Yj_] ] )&. )( �;

Hjglgf�j]kl�eYkk e )&./ )( �c_

?jYnalYlagf�[gfklYfl ? .&./

��

��

Ç)) * *

1 * *

)( �F�e 'c_

;gmdgeZÌk�dYo�[gfklYfl c 1&( )( �F�e ';Kh]]\�g^�kgmf\�Yl�KLH ++)�e'k

��

PhysicsReference

Tables

ii NCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (adopted 2000)

=

=

∆= ∆

=

==== =

l

) *

*

N

ci i>

jOi

iAl

NAJ

H NA> in:N : nO Hl NAl

FORMULAS

MECHANICS

a = accelerationac = centripetal accelerationv = velocityr = radiusF = forceFc = centripetal forceq = angleg = accleration due to gravityG = universal gravitational constantm = massp = momentumDs = displacementt = timet = torquew = weight

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

r = distance between centersF = forceI = currentk = electrostatic constantP = powerq = chargeR = resistanceV = electrical potential differenceW = energyB = flux densityl = length of a conductorv = velocity

Parallel CircuitsI I I IV V V V

R R R R

t

t

t

= + + += = = =

= + + +

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 1 1 1

. . .. . .

. . .

Series CircuitsI I I IV V V VR R R R

t

t

t

= = = == + + += + + +

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

. . .. . .. . .

*

* *

) *

*

*

*

#*

) !**

!kaf

(

^ a

a

^ a

[o [[o

[

[

knl

n nn

nY l

k n l Y l

n n Y k

> eYo e_

?e e>j

h en> l en

>\

nY j

en> j

t q

t t

D= D

=

D= D

D = D + D

= + D==

=

=D = D=

- =

=

=

Ê Ê

iiiNCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (adopted 2000)

FORMULAS

F = forceg = acceleration due to gravityh = heightk = spring constantx = change in length of a spring from the equilibrium positionKE = kinetic energym = massP = powerPEg = gravitational potential energyPEs = potential energy stored in a springDs = displacementt = timev = velocityW = workms = coefficient of static friction

ENERGY

INTERNAL ENERGY

di = image distancedo = object distanceSi = image sizeSo = object sizef = focal length

GEOMETRIC OPTICS

c = speed of light in a vacuumf = frequencyn = index of absolute

refractionT = periodv = speedl = wavelengthq = angleqc air = critical angle of

incidence relative to air

WAVE PHENOMENA

00 100Error = Accepted value – Experimental value

Accepted value ×

INVESTIGATIONS

W F s

P Wt

F st Fv

PE mg h

KE mv

F kx

PE kx

FF

g

s

ss

n

=

= = ==

==

=

=

∆

∆∆

∆∆ ∆

12

2

212

µ ,max

T fv f

n cv

nnnnn

vv

c air

=

=

=

=

=

=

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

λ

θθθ

sinsinsin

1 1 1d d fSS

dd

o i

o

i

o

i

+ =

=

Yegmfl�g^�`]Ylkh][a^a[�`]Yll]eh]jYlmj]ogjc^afYd�]f]j_q�g^�l`]�kqkl]eafalaYd�]f]j_q�g^�l`]�kqkl]e

h

^

a

I;LO==

======

!h

^ a

I e; LI = O = = O

= D= D - = - -

ivNCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (adopted 2000)

10-13

Electrom

agnetic S

pectru

m

Red

Oran

geY

ellowG

reen

Visib

le Ligh

t

Violet

Blu

e

(m)

Lon

ger Wavelen

gthS

horter W

avelength

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

105

104

103

102

101

100

10-1

10-2

Visible

7.0´10 -7

6.5´10-7

5.9´10-7

5.7´10-7

4.9´10-7

4.2´10-7

4.0´10-7

10-9

10-10

10-11

10-12

0.0000000000001

0.000000000001

0.00000000001

0.0000000001

0.000000001

0.001

0.0001

0.00001

0.000001

0.0000001

0.00000001

0.01

0.1

1.0

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

UV

Rad

io waves

X ra

yM

icrowaves

IR

(m)

Gam

ma ray

Stock No. 7803