physics results of belle and prospects for belle ii
DESCRIPTION
Physics Results of Belle and Prospects for Belle II. Y.Sakai KEK. Reference for physics prospects. Physics at Super B Factory [arXiv:1002.5012] SuperB Progress Report [arXiv:.10081541]. Physics at B factory. B physics (~1.1nb) - CP violation & CKM - Rare decays - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
11
Physics Results of Belle and
Prospects for Belle II
Physics Results of Belle and
Prospects for Belle IIY.Sakai KEK
Reference for physics prospects
•Physics at Super B Factory [arXiv:1002.5012]•SuperB Progress Report [arXiv:.10081541]
22
Physics at B factoryPhysics at B factory
• B physics (~1.1nb)
- CP violation & CKM - Rare decays
• Charm physics (~1.3 nb)
• physics (~0.9nb)
• two-photon processes • New Resonance - ordinary & exotics
c
c _
B
B_
Y(4S)
Variety of Physics !Complement/Cooperative with /Charm factory !
Goal/Milestones of B-factoryGoal/Milestones of B-factory
33
Discovery of CPV in B decaysDiscovery of CPV in B decays
Precise test of KM and SMPrecise test of KM and SM
Search for NPSearch for NP
Step1
Step2
Step3
2001 summer !
Hints of NPEstablish procedures
2008
~50 times more data (higher luminosity)
(SUSY, Extra-dim…)
CP ViolationCP Violation
44
Difference between particle & anti-particle
Universe: almost “matter” only (no anti-matter)
Big-Bang N(particles) = N(anti-particles)
Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989)CPV is a key for Existence of Universe & us !
Sakhalov’s 3 conditions (1967): 1. baryon number violation 2. CP violation 3. existence of non-equiblium
(matter & anti-matter)
55
Kobayashi-Maskawa: CPVKobayashi-Maskawa: CPV
b
s
d
VVV
VVV
VVV
b
s
d
tbtstd
cbcscd
ubusud
'
'
'
2
2
)1(
2/
)(2/
AiA
A
iA
CPV: due to a complex phase in the quark mixing matrixCPV: due to a complex phase in the quark mixing matrix
CKM matrix
Wolfenstein representation
1
2
3
Vtd Vtb
Vcd Vcb
Vud Vub*
*
*
Unitaritytriangle
dj
uk
W-
Vkj
66
KEKB AcceleratorKEKB Accelerator
~1 km in diameter
Mt. Tsukuba
KEKBBelle
e+ source
Ares RF cavity
Belle detector
8 GeV e8 GeV e-- x 3.5 GeV e x 3.5 GeV e++: 22mrad crossing : 22mrad crossing Lpeak = 2.11x1034 Integ. Lum. ~1040 fb-1
77
Peak LuminosityPeak Luminosity
2.11x1034 1.21x1034
>1fb-1/day>1 M BB>1fb-1/day>1 M BB
_
Data at B-factoriesData at B-factories
88
(fb-1)
“Intense Analysis Phase”
(have to switch to new units, 1 ab-1)
772MBB
487MBB
_
_
99
Belle DetectorBelle Detector
KL detector14/15 layer RPC+Fe
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
CsI(Tl) 16X0
Aerogel Cherenkov Counter n = 1.015~1.030
Si Vertex Detector4-layer DSSD
TOF counter
3.5 GeV e+
Central Drift Chamber momentum, dE/dx 50-layers + He/C2H6
charged particle tracking
K/ separation
K/ separation
B vertex Muon / KL identification
, 0 reconstructione+-, KL identification
8.0 GeV e-
1010
The Belle CollaborationThe Belle Collaboration
15 countries, ~60 institutes, ~400 collaborators
Indiana U.ITEPKanagawa U.KEKKarlsruhe U.KISTIKorea U.Krakow Inst. of Nucl. Phys.Kyungpook Nat’l U. EPF Lausanne Jozef Stefan Inst. / U. of Ljubljana / U. of MariborLuther U. of Melbourne MPI
BINPBonn U.Charles U.Chiba U.U. of CincinnatiFu-Jen C.U.Giessen U.Gyeongsang Nat’l U.GoethingenHanyang U.U. of HawaiiHiroshima Tech.IHEP, BeijingIHEP, Moscow IHEP, Vienna
Nagoya U.Nara Women’s U.National Central U.National Taiwan U.National United U.Nihon Dental CollegeNiigata U.Osaka RCNPOsaka City U.Panjab U.Peking U.PNNLRikenSaga U.USTCSeoul National U.
Shinshu U.Sungkyunkwan U.U. of SydneyTata InstituteToho U.Tohoku U.Tohuku Gakuin U.U. of TokyoTokyo Inst. of Tech.Tokyo Metropolitan U.Tokyo U. of Agri. and Tech.Toyama Nat’l CollegeTorinoWayne S.U.VPIYonsei U.
CPV in B0 decaysCPV in B0 decays
1111
B0
B0 fcpfcpB0
B0
A
A
=mixing
Initial: B0 B0
B0
_Oscillation
Interference Direct decay Mixing + Decay
Decay: A
Decay-time dependent CPVDecay-time dependent CPV
SandaBigiCarter
Weak Phasedifference
_A
V*td
V*td_ _
t
dt
b
b
d _ww B0B0
__
d
b_ c
c
sd
_wB0J/
K0
V*cb
frequency: md (BH, BL)
CPV in B0 decaysCPV in B0 decays
1212t (decay time)[ps]
B0
B0 fcpfcpB0
B0
A
A
=mixing
Decay: A
SandaBigiCarter
_A
1
2
3
Vtd Vtb
Vcd Vcb
Vud Vub*
*
*f sin21 sin(md t)
B0 B0_
f : CP eigenvalue)
mixing
Decay sin21
Pro
b.
ACP
1313
Time-dep CPV MeasurementTime-dep CPV MeasurementFlavor-tag (B0 or B0 ?)
J/(’)
KS
ee
zt=0fCP
Vertexing
Reconstruction
ExtractCPV
fitB0B0
B0-tag B0-tag
t z/c
eff ~30%
t~140ps
=0.425 (KEKB)0.56 (PEP-II)
same analysis method applied for all modes
1414
sin21 : CPV observationsin21 : CPV observation
1137events
B0 tag_
B0 tag
Asy
mm
etry
31M BB
2001
First observed CPV in B (2001)
0.6870.0280.012
0.670 0.023
1515
sin21 : Precision meas.sin21 : Precision meas.
B0 tag_B
0 tag
535M BB
14000signals
2006
3.4% error !
Measurement of CKMMeasurement of CKM
1616
1
2
3
Vtd Vtb
Vcd Vcb
Vud Vub*
*
*
(
((
Complete test of KM & SM Complete test of KM & SM
B experiments can provide all measurements !B experiments can provide all measurements !
Determination of UT
B0-mixing (md)B
B0 (cc)K(*)0
B0 D*+D(*)-(K)
B D(*)l
b c l
B DcomK
B0 D(*)+
B l b u l
B ,
Over constraint !
Verification of KM for CPVVerification of KM for CPV
1717
All consistent
CPV: caused by a single phase of CKM matrix
CPV: caused by a single phase of CKM matrix
2008 Physics Nobel Prize2008 Physics Nobel Prize
Verified by B-factoryexperiments
Next ChallengeNext Challenge
1818
In spite of Great Success of SM, there must be New Physics beyond SM at High Energy scale (SM is valid effective theory at current E-scale)
Observed CPV in SM is not enough to explain matter dominance of Universe [>O(1010)] !
Observed CPV in SM is not enough to explain matter dominance of Universe [>O(1010)] !
New Source of CPV should exists (beyond SM)
One of Next important goals of Flavor PhysicsOne of Next important goals of Flavor Physics
Note) NP effects appear in Flavor Physics in various way !
Energy Frontier
1919
Rare B decays Rare B decays
CPV in B CPV in B
Search for New PhysicsSearch for New Physics provide Powerful tool for Search NP ( New Phase )
excellent opportunities for NP search
Loop diagramLoop diagram
Decays involving ( H)Decays involving ( H)
Decays (Lepton Flavor Violation = NP) : B-factory = -factory Decays (Lepton Flavor Violation = NP) : B-factory = -factory
Penguins [bs(d) , bs(d) l+l]
Key
ANP ~ ASM (small/forbidden)
[ bsqq tCPV]
Establish analysesHint of NPEstablish analysesHint of NP
NP : Precise CKMNP : Precise CKM
2020
50ab-1
Still ~10% roomfor NP
New Source of CPV:New Source of CPV:
2121 2121
b
dsd
X ss
’
KS
b
dsd
t ss
’
KS
_B0 +
b sqq b sqq --
+ New Physics with New PhaseSbs Sbc , ADCP can 0
_
SM: bs Penguin phase = (cc) K0-
“b ccs: sin21” (SM reference) deviation
Vts Vtb*
Summary of New CPV searchSummary of New CPV search
2222
B0 J/K0
Reference point of SM
No clear deviation seenin all modes (1~2)
New CPV effect can beseen with much largerdata
Super B-factorySuper B-factory
SuperKEKB prospectSuperKEKB prospect
2323
J/K0
K0
Compelling measurement in a clean mode
MC
This would establish the existence of a NP phase in bs penguins.
bs
23
B K0 at 50/ab with ~present WA values
Kπ Puzzle in B /⁰ B⁺ CP ViolationKπ Puzzle in B /⁰ B⁺ CP Violation
2424
5.3σ deviation Hint of NP ?
S.-W. Lin et al. (The Belle collaboration), Nature 452, 332 (2008).
B⁰ K⁻π⁺ B⁰ K⁺π⁻
B⁻ K⁻π⁰ B⁺ K⁺π⁰
B⁰
B⁺
_
Expected to be same
AK = A(K+−) − A(K+0) = −0.147 ± 0.028
Solutions to the AK PuzzleSolutions to the AK Puzzle
TT P
T P C PEW
Expectation from current theory
T & P are dominant AK ~ 0
• Enhancement of large C with large strong phase to T strong inter. !?
Yoshikawa 2003; Mishima & Yoshikawa 2004;Buras et. al. 2004, 2006; Baek & London 2007;Hou et. al. 2007; Feldmann, Jung & Mannel 2008
Chiang et. al. 2004Li, Mishima & Sanda 2005
Can this issue be resolved in a model-independent way by experiment ?
See Nature commentary by Michael Peskin
25
Enhancement of large PEW
New physics
Enhancement of large PEW
New physics
Model-indep. Sum RuleModel-indep. Sum Rule
2626
B →K A(K0+)=0.009 ±0.025 A(K+0)=0.050 ±0.025 A(K+-)=-0.098 ±0.012 A(K00)=-0.01 ±0.10
HFAG, ICHEP08 A(K00)
A(K0+)
sum rule
A(K
+ 0)
measured (HFAG)
expected (sum rule)
M. Gronau, PLB 627, 82 (2005); D. Atwood & A. Soni, Phys. Rev. D 58, 036005(1998).Sum rule proposed by:
26
SuperKEKB prospectSuperKEKB prospect
2727
B →K0: main syst. uncertainty full systematics treated as non-scaling (conservative)
A(K00)
A(K0+)
A(K
+ 0)
Belle II, 50 ab-1
27
sum ruleImportant to measure A(K00)precisely
Charged Higss HuntingCharged Higss Hunting
2828
Variety of Modes sensitive to Charged Higgs
B-Factory:
Some are only possible at B-Factory
Inclusive b s Inclusive b s
2929
DataBackgroundsubtracted
Fully Inclusive measurement 657M BB
SM
b s Summaryb s Summary
3030
Sensitivity to new physics from charged Higgs
The B meson decay constant, determined by the B wavefunction at the origin
HH++ Search: B Search: B++ + + (Decays with Large Missing Energy)
(|Vub| taken from indep. measurements.)
31
ν: Experimental Challenge ν: Experimental Challenge
32
(4S)B- B+
e+
e
B++, +e+e
B-X
Always > 2 neutrinos appear
in B decay
_
Signature : 1 track +invisible
Experimental Challenge !
ν: Experimental Challenge ν: Experimental Challenge
(4S)B- B+
e+
e
B++, +e+e
B-X
33Can be measured only by B-Factory !
Also for B D(*) B K
Also for B D(*) B K
Tag-side: Full reconstruction
(*)0 (*)1/ / / SB D a D
0 0 0/D D sD
ν Resultsν Results
3434
2.8
B D(*)B D(*)
3535
• B D* : Lepton () polarization info. Expected B ~ 1.4% in SM (large) But, large background (D*(**)l, D*X)
[e.g. D.S.Hwang EPJ C14,271(2000)]
Always involve > 2 (Missing E):
B D(*)ResultsB D(*)Results
3636
657M BB
[PRL 99, 191807(2007)]
[PRD 82, 0720005(2010)]
B0 D*-+
First Observation !First Observation !
B D(*) SummaryB D(*) Summary
3737
Constraints on charged HiggsConstraints on charged Higgs
U. Haisch, hep-ph/0805.2141; ATLAS curve added by Steve Robertson
Also see (MSSM),D. Eriksson,F.Mahmoudi and 0.Stal
3838
3939
Large mixing, |x|>>|y|, CPV New Physics !Large mixing, |x|>>|y|, CPV New Physics !
D0-D0 MixingD0-D0 Mixing
Quark level: Box diagram (~ B0-mixing)
SM box: O(10-9) +Long distance: O(10-3~10-2)
x=m/ y=/2
Only mixing with up-type quark
complementarity to down-type FCNC
D0-mixing : yCPD0-mixing : yCP
4040
PRL 98, 211803 (2007), 540fb-1
Decays to CP eigenstates D0 → K+K- / +-
yxA
y
KK
Ky
CPVno
M
CP
sin2
cos
1)(
)(
“lifetime” difference
First Evidence (2007) !
)%25.032.031.1( CPy
D0-mixing : Wrong signD0-mixing : Wrong sign
4141
D0 : Mixing Signal
But, two sources need decay-time analysis to extract D0-D0 mixing
_“Wrong Sign”
D0 : normal decay
BaBar, PRL 98, 211802 (2007), 384fb-1
12
345
likelihoodcontours
3.9
CDF, PRL 100, 121802 (2008), 1.5fb-1
(0,0)CL 96.1%
400fb-1 PRL 96, 151801 (2006)
D0-mixing : t-dep. DalitzD0-mixing : t-dep. Dalitz
4242
y (%
)
x (%)
most precise x meas.
t
Belle, PRL 99, 131803 (2007), 540fb-1
D0 S
D0-mixing : SummaryD0-mixing : Summary
4343)%4.21.0(
13.0004.0
16.0894.0
)%009.0336.0(
9.46.24
)%18.0813.0(
)%24.0832.0(
D
D
K
A
rad
p
q
R
y
x
Mixing parametersMixing parameters global fit to observables, only KK/, K and Ks projected sensitivities included (no external constraints, e.g. K)
HFAG
x~y~1% ~ SM limit !x~y~1% ~ SM limit !
D0-mixing : prospectD0-mixing : prospect
4444
1@ 50 ab-1
A.G. Akeroyd et al., arXiv:1002.5012
1 @ 50 ab-1
)%8.01.0(049.0004.0
054.0894.0
)%003.0336.0(9.46.24
)%064.0813.0()%095.0832.0(
D
D
K
Arad
p
qR
yx
Mixing parametersMixing parameters global fit to observables, only KK/, K and Ks projected sensitivities included (no external constraints, e.g. K)
Constraints from D0-mixing Constraints from D0-mixing
4545E. Golowich et al., PRD76, 095009 (2007)
D0 D0iLl
kRd~
iLlkRd
~
R couplings
kRdm~
[GeV]
allo
wed
are
a
lines ofconstant |x|
R-parity violating SUSYR-parity violating SUSY
|Vub’Vcb’|
mb
’ [G
eV
]
allowed area
lines ofconstant |x|
4th generation of fermions4th generation of fermions
c
u
u
c
b’ b’
W+
W-
D0 D0
Vcb’
Vcb’
Vub’*
Vub’*
E. Golowich et al., PRD76, 095009 (2007)
Hints/Sensitive to NPHints/Sensitive to NP
4646
A(B K) Puzzle
CPV in b s Penguin ?
Large D0-mixing
Theore
tica
l ca
lcula
tions
usi
ng V
ub,
md,
K
Directmeasurement
CKM Unitarity Triangle
SM
C7=−C7SM
Forwad-Backword Asy,.B K*ℓ+ℓ−
tree
penguin
fL(B VV) ≠ 1
…..
Identification of NP typeIdentification of NP type
4747
mSUGRA
MSSM+R SU(5)+R U(2) FSdegenerate non-
degeneratedegenerate non-
degenerate
ACP(s) ✔
S(K*) ✔ ✔ ✔
S() ✔ ✔ ✔
S(KS) ✔ ✔ ✔
S(BsJ/ ) ✔ ✔ ✔
e ✔ ✔ ✔ ?
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ?
e ✔ ✔ ?
Measu
rem
ents
…
…
[based on T.Goto et.al. PRD77, 095010(2008)]
✔: deviation from SM
SUSY models
Identify by the pattern of deviations from SM
Physics at Super B-factoryPhysics at Super B-factory
4848
Split fermions in large extra dimensions
Universal extra dimensions
Universal extra dimensionsKK graviton exchange
mSUGRA (moderate tan )b
mSUGRA ( large tan )b
SU(5) SUSY GUT with nR
Effective SUSY
Bd unitarity
Time-dependent violationCP
Rare decaysB
Other signals
D. Hitlin
is “DNA chip of New Physics”
is “DNA chip of New Physics”
+ LHC,…+ LHC,…
p p
~g~q~ ~
q lq_
Direct Production by High Energy Coll.Direct Production by High Energy Coll.
b s
q~Virtual Production via Quantum Eff.Virtual Production via Quantum Eff.
Tunnel effect
Energy FrontierEnergy Frontier vs vs Flavor PhysicsFlavor Physics
Energy FrontierEnergy Frontier Luminosity Frontier
Luminosity Frontier
~
2q ij
m
211m 2
12m 213m
221m 2
22m 223m
231m 2
32m 233m
Off-diagonal terms
Diagonal terms
Higher Energy ScaleCan be searched(even if LHC finds no New Physics)
4949
50
Complementarity ofFlavor Physics
(Luminosity Frontier)& Energy Frontier
Higgs
top
W, Z
Standard Model
LHC observes NP in TeV scale•Identify NP type SUSY, Extra Dim. Little Higgs,..?
•Mechanism of Symm. Breaking•CPV via NP
Belle II = Compass
Ene
rgy
Fro
ntie
r
Lum
inos
ity
Fron
tier
New PhysicsSU(5)+Rnon-degenerate
U(2)FSMSSM+Rnon-degenerate
SU(5)+Rdegenerate
MSSM+Rdegenerate
Map
Era of NP Exploration
S.Nishida
51
Higgs
top
W, Z
Belle II = Compass
Ene
rgy
Fro
ntie
r
Lum
inos
ity
Fron
tier
SU(5)+Rnon-degenerate
U(2)FSMSSM+Rnon-degenerate
SU(5)+Rdegenerate
MSSM+Rdegenerate
Search by Flavor Physics in Dark
In case of No New Physics in TeV scale
•FCNC process currently gives various limits on NP
⇒ further explore NP
Standard Model
New Physics
MapS.Nishida
Comparison with LHCbComparison with LHCb
5252
Complementary !Complementary !
SummarySummary
5353
Discovery of CPV in B decaysDiscovery of CPV in B decays
Precise test of KM and SMPrecise test of KM and SM
Search for NPSearch for NP
Step1
Step2
Step3
2001 summer !
Hints of NPEstablish procedures
2008
~50 ab-1 data (L ~1036cm-2s-1 )
(SUSY, Extra-dim…)
LHC: New particle, massesSuperKEKB: couplingsUnderstand NP need Both
Discovery of New ResonancesDiscovery of New Resonances
5454
c’ & e+e-ccccD0*0 & D1*0
X(3872)
c* baryon triplet
X(3940), Y(3940)c2’
Y(4660) Y(4008)
DsJ(2700)cx(3090)
Z(4430)
DsJ(2317/2460)
DsJ(2860)
Y(4260)
Y(4320)
Integ
rated
Lum
ino
sity
Neutral
Charged
uc
uc
dc
uc
u u
c c
cc
g
Hybrid
clusterTetraquark
“Exotic Hadrons”X(3915), Y(4350)Z(4050),Z(4250)Yb
5555
SM CPV: too smallSM CPV: too small
5656
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~
Too Small in SM
Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM (need 3 generation in KM)
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
masses too small !
CPV Phase
0n
nB
[W.S.Hou]
5757
CPV in B0 decays (General)CPV in B0 decays (General)
= S sin(mt) + A cos (mt) A CP
Mixing induced CPV Direct CPV
1
2
3
Vtd Vtb
Vcd Vcb
Vud Vub*
*
*
made by H. Miyake
f cpB0
B0mixing
=B0
B0 f c
p
A
A
q/p
B0
B0
t
5858
1 Measurement 1 Measurement
_
d
b_ c
c
sd
_wB0J/
K0
CP : CP eigenvalue
V*td
V*td_ _
t
dt
b
b
d _ww B0B0
_
= cpsin21 sin(mt) +A cos (mt) A CP
Mixing induced CPV Direct CPV
A 0
1
2
3
Vtd Vtb
Vcd Vcb
Vud Vub*
*
*
First observed CPV in B (2001)
V*cb
A(K00) measurementA(K00) measurement
5959
BKS 0 Signal +1st BKL 0 Signal
3-d fit gives a signal of 65737 events
2855257 (3.7σ incl. systematics)
These modes will be very difficult at a hadron machine
Use flavor tagging to distinguish B0 and anti-B^0
ν : Tension ν : Tension
6060
sin21
measurements
Indirect fitprediction
and more…and more…
6161