phytotherapy, vahid reza askari, mums 1

Phytotherapy, Vahid Reza Askari, MUMS 1

By; Vahid Reza Askari (PharmD, PhD)

Assistant Professor of Pharmacology

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine

School of Persian and Complementary Medicine

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Phytotherapy, Vahid Reza Askari, MUMS

3

(منيسرماخوردگي و تقویت سيستم ایگياهي موثر بر )

Phytotherapy, Vahid Reza Askari, MUMS

4

آلتادين(Altadin)گرمميلي700مكيدنيقرص

نعناعاسانسگرمميلي2بيان،شيرينعصارهگرمميلي150،ختميگلپودرگرمميلي220

تحريكيهايسرفهدرآورخلط،گلومخاطتحريكوالتهابدر:مصرفموارد

پكتآوي(Avipect)قطره%20رازيانه،%30اوكاليپتوس،%50آويشنالكليهيدروعصارهآورخلط،سرفهضد:مصرفموارد


Marshmallow is a plant. The leaves and the root are used to make medicine.

Don't confuse marshmallow with the mallow (Malva sylvestris) flower and leaf.

Marshmallow leaf and root are used for

pain and

swelling (inflammation) of the mucous membranes that line the respiratory tract.

They are also used for dry cough, inflammation of the lining of the stomach, diarrhea, stomach ulcers, constipation, urinary tract inflammation, and stones in the urinary tract.


People sometimes apply marshmallow leaf and root directly to the skin for pockets of infection (abscesses) and skin ulcers;

and as a poultice for skin inflammation or burns, and for other wounds, insect bites

Uses & Effectiveness

Cough caused by ACE inhibitors.

Medications used for high blood pressure called ACE inhibitors can sometimes cause coughing as a side effect. Early research suggests that taking marshmallow root by mouth for 4 weeks can reduce cough caused by ACE inhibitors.


People sometimes apply marshmallow leaf and root directly to the skin for pockets of infection (abscesses) and skin ulcers;

and as a poultice for skin inflammation or burns, and for other wounds, insect bites


Skin infection caused by parasites (Leishmania lesions).

Early research suggests that applying a combination of marshmallow and hollyhock extracts to affected skin for 5 days can help improve Leishmania lesions.



Sores.

Skin inflammation.

Burns.

Wounds.

Insect bites.

Chapped skin.


Diarrhea.

Constipation.

Stomach and intestinal ulcers.

Irritation of the mouth and throat.

Dry cough.

Side Effects

Marshmallow is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth. In some people, it might cause low blood sugar levels.

Marshmallow is POSSIBLY SAFE when applied directly to the skin.


Special Precautions & Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the use of marshmallow during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Diabetes: There is a concern that marshmallow might interfere with blood sugar control.

Check the blood sugar carefully to avoid dangerously low blood sugar.

Surgery: Marshmallow might affect blood sugar levels. There is a concern that it could interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgical procedures. Stop taking marshmallow at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.


Interactions

Lithium-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Marshmallow might have an effect like a water pill or "diuretic."

Decrease clearance of lithium. Increase lithium Conc. in the body and result in serious side effects.

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Decrease blood sugar

Medications taken by mouth (Oral drugs)-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Marshmallow contains a type of soft fiber called mucilage. Mucilage can decrease how much medicine the body absorbs. E.g. Digoxin


Licorice contains glycyrrhizic acid, which can cause complications when eaten in large quantities

Licorice is taken by mouth for various digestive system complaints including

stomach ulcers,

heartburn,

colic, and

ongoing inflammation of the lining of the stomach (chronic gastritis).

sore throat,

bronchitis,

cough, and

infections caused by bacteria or viruses


Addison's disease, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus

erythematosus (SLE), liver disorders, malaria, tuberculosis, high potassium levels in the

blood, food poisoning, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), abscesses, recovery after

surgery, rash, high cholesterol



Possibly Effective for...

Itchy and inflamed skin (eczema)

Heartburn (dyspepsia)

Recovery after surgery. Research suggests that sucking on a single lozenge

containing licorice (Sualin, Hamdard Pharma, India) beginning 30 minutes before

having a tube inserted through the mouth into the trachea reduces cough following

surgery by about 50%.

Also, gargling with a licorice fluid before intubation reduces complications when the

breathing tube is removed.


Side Effects

Licorice is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth in amounts found in foods.

Licorice is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth in larger amounts for medicinal purposes and when applied to the skin for a short amount of time.

However, it is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth in large amounts for more than 4 weeks or in smaller amounts long-term.

Consuming licorice daily for several weeks or longer can cause severe side effects including high blood pressure, low potassium levels, weakness, paralysis, and occasionally brain damage in otherwise healthy people.

In people who eat a lot of salt or have heart disease, kidney disease, or high blood pressure, as little as 5 grams per day can cause these problems.


Side Effects

Other side effects of licorice use include tiredness, absence of a menstrual period in women, headache, water and sodium retention, and decreased sexual interest and function in men.

People who chew tobacco flavored with licorice might develop high blood pressure and other serious side effects.



Pregnancy and breast-feeding: It is UNSAFE to take licorice by mouth

miscarriage or early delivery

Heart disease: Licorice can cause the body to store water, and this can make congestive heart failure worse.

Hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids: Licorice might act like estrogen in the body.

High blood pressure: Licorice can raise blood pressure.

A muscle condition caused by nerve problems (hypertonia): Licorice can cause the level of potassium to drop in the blood. This can make hypertonia worse.



Low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia): Licorice can lower potassium in

the blood. If your potassium is already low, licorice might make it too low.

Kidney disease: Overuse of licorice could make kidney disease worse.

Sexual problems in men: Licorice can lower a man's interest in sex and also worsen

erectile dysfunction (ED) by lowering levels of testosterone.

Surgery: Licorice might interfere with blood pressure control during and after surgery.

Stop taking licorice at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.


Interactions

Warfarin (Coumadin)-Interaction Rating: Major- Do not take this combination.

Licorice might increase the breakdown and decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin). Decreasing the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin) might increase the risk of clotting.

Digoxin (Lanoxin)-Interaction Rating: Moderate Major Be cautious with this combination.

Large amounts of licorice can decrease potassium levels in the body. Low potassium levels can increase the side effects of digoxin (Lanoxin).

Estrogens-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Furosemide (Lasix)-Interaction Rating: Moderate


https://www.rxlist.com/coumadin-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/lanoxin-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/furosemide-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/lasix-drug.htm

Interactions

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) substrates)-Interaction Rating: Moderate omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and pantoprazole (Protonix); diazepam

(Valium); carisoprodol (Soma); nelfinavir (Viracept)

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) substrates)-Interaction Rating: Moderate amiodarone (Cardarone), paclitaxel (Taxol); nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

such as diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren) and ibuprofen (Motrin)

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) substrates)-Interaction Rating: Moderate celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), fluvastatin (Lescol), glipizide (Glucotrol),

ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), phenytoin (Dilantin), piroxicam (Feldene), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), tolbutamide (Tolinase), torsemide (Demadex), and warfarin (Coumadin).


https://www.rxlist.com/prilosec-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/prevacid-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/protonix-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/diazepam-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/valium-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/soma-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/viracept-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/paclitaxel-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/taxol-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/cataflam-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/voltaren-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/ibuprofen-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/celebrex-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/lescol-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/glucotrol-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/avapro-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/cozaar-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/dilantin-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/feldene-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/nolvadex-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/tolinase-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/demadex-drug.htm

Dosing

BY MOUTH:

For upset stomach:

1 mL of a specific product containing licorice, milk thistle, peppermint leaf, German chamomile, caraway, celandine, angelica, lemon balm, and clown's mustard plant (Iberogast; Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH) has been taken three times daily for 4 weeks

For recovery after surgery:

A specific lozenge (Sualin, Hamdard Pharma, India) containing 97 mg of licorice has been sucked for 30 minutes before anesthesia.


Dosing

APPLIED TO THE SKIN

For itchy and inflamed skin (eczema):

Gel products containing 1% or 2% licorice root extract have been applied three times daily for 2 weeks.

For recovery after surgery:

Gargling with 30 mL of a fluid containing 0.5 grams of licorice for at least one minute beginning 5 minutes before placement of a breathing tube, has been used.


ليكوفار(Licophar)گرمميلي700مكيدنيقرص

گرمميلي3/6منتولگرم،ميلي14/0قرمزفلفلگرم،ميلي07/1اوكاليپتوساسانس،گرمميلي2/51بيانشيرينعصاره

سرفهضدآور،خلط،گلوالتهابضد:مصرفموارد

ماسومنت(Masumint)مكيدنيجويدني،قرصmg500%5/0نعناعاسانس،%5بيانشيرينعصارهنفخضد،سرفه،گلوخارشوحساسيت:مصرفموارد


Thyme is an herb. The flowers, leaves, and oil are used as medicine.

Thyme is taken by mouth for bronchitis, whooping cough, sore throat, colic,

arthritis, upset stomach, stomach pain (gastritis), diarrhea, bedwetting, a movement

disorder in children (dyspraxia), intestinal gas (flatulence), parasitic worm

infections, and skin disorders. It is also used to increase urine flow (as a diuretic), to

disinfect the urine, and as an appetite stimulant.

Some people apply thyme directly to the skin for hoarseness (laryngitis), swollen

tonsils (tonsillitis), sore mouth, and bad breath.


Thyme oil is used as a germ-killer in mouthwashes and liniments. It is also applied

to the scalp to treat baldness and to the ears to fight bacterial and fungal infections.

Thymol, one of the chemicals in thyme, is used with another chemical,

chlorhexidine, as a dental varnish to prevent tooth decay.

In foods, thyme is used as a flavoring agent.

In manufacturing, red thyme oil is used in perfumes. It is also used in soaps,

cosmetics, and toothpastes.


Side Effects

Thyme is LIKELY SAFE when consumed in normal food amounts.

Thyme is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken as medicine for short periods of time.

It can cause digestive system upset.

Thyme oil is POSSIBLY SAFE when applied to the skin.

In some people, applying the oil to the skin can cause irritation.


Special Precautions & Warnings:

Children: Thyme is LIKELY SAFE when consumed by children in normal food amounts.

Thyme is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken as medicine for short periods of time.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Thyme is LIKELY SAFE for pregnant and breast-feeding women when consumed in normal food amounts.

Stick to food amounts if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

Allergy to oregano and similar plants: People who are allergic to oregano or other Lamiaceae species might also be allergic to thyme.

Bleeding disorders: Thyme might slow blood clotting. Taking thyme might increase your risk of bleeding, especially if used in large amounts.



Hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids: Thyme might act like estrogen in the body. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, don't use thyme.

Surgery: Thyme might slow blood clotting, so there is some concern that it might increase the risk of extra bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using thyme at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.


Interactions

Drying medications (Anticholinergic drugs)-Interaction Rating: Moderate


Various medications used for glaucoma, for Alzheimer's disease (Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors)-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)-Interaction Rating: Moderate

aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin),


https://www.rxlist.com/aspirin-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/plavix-drug.htm




https://www.rxlist.com/naprosyn-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/fragmin-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/lovenox-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/heparin-drug.htm


برونكوتيدي(Bronco T.D)

Zataria)شيرازيآويشنهيدروالكليعصاره multiflora)20%ميزانبهmg25ليترميلي100در

آورخلطوسرفهضد:مصرفموارد

توسيان(Tussian)شربتThymus)آويشنعصاره vulgaris)mg750ليترميلي5درآورخلط،سرفهضد:مصرفموارد


آرتاتيم(Thymarta)قطره

Thymus)آويشنهيدروالكليعصاره vulgaris)تيمول%6/0حداقلحاويآورخلطوسرفهضد:مصرفموارد

تيمكس(Thymex)شربتThymus)آويشنهيدروالكليعصاره vulgaris)حاويليتر،ميليصددرگرمميلي35-30ميزانبه

تيمول%15/0حداقلآورخلط،سرفهضد:مصرفموارد


توسيگل(Tussi-Gol)قطره

Thymus)آويشنعصاره vulgaris)mg50ستاره‌ايانيسوناسانسوmg250ليترميلي5هردر


توسيوين(Tussivin)قطرهZataria)شيرازيآويشناسانس multiflora)،رازيانهاسانس(Foeniculum Vulgare)1ميزانبه%آورخلط،سرفهضد:مصرفموارد


Dried fennel seeds are often used in cooking as an anise-flavored spice.

Fennel is used for various digestive problems including heartburn, intestinal gas,

bloating, loss of appetite, and colic in infants. It is also used for upper respiratory

tract infections, coughs, bronchitis, cholera, backache, bedwetting, and visual

problems.

Some women use fennel for increasing the flow of breast milk, promoting

menstruation, easing the birthing process, and increasing sex drive.


Fennel powder is used as a poultice for snakebites.

In foods and beverages, fennel oil is used as a flavoring agent.

In other manufacturing processes, fennel oil is used as a flavoring agent in certain

laxatives, and as a fragrance component in soaps and cosmetics.



Colic in breast-fed infants.

Side Effects

Fennel is LIKELY SAFE when taken by mouth in the amounts commonly found in food.

Some people can have allergic skin reactions to fennel.

People who are allergic to plants such as celery, carrot, and mugwort are more likely to also be allergic to fennel.

Fennel can also make skin extra sensitive to sunlight and make it easier to get a sunburn. Wear sunblock if you are light-skinned.



Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the safety of using fennel during pregnancy. It's best to avoid use.

During breast-feeding, fennel is POSSIBLY UNSAFE. It's been reported that two breast-feeding infants experienced damage to their nervous systems after their mothers drank an herbal tea that contained fennel.

Children: For the most part, there is not enough evidence to know whether it is safe for children when used in medicinal amounts.

However, researchers have studied a combination product (ColiMil) for colic that contains fennel, lemon balm, and German chamomile. This product seems to be safe in infants when used for up to one week.


Allergy to celery, carrot or mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris): Fennel might cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to these plants.

Bleeding disorders: Fennel might slow blood clotting. Taking fennel might increase the risk of bleeding or bruising in people with bleeding disorders.

Hormone-sensitive condition such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids: Fennel might act like estrogen. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, do not use fennel.


Interactions

Birth control pills (Contraceptive drugs)-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)Interaction Rating: Moderate

decrease how much ciprofloxacin (Cipro) the body absorbs

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate



https://www.rxlist.com/cipro-drug.htm

Dosing

The following doses have been studied in scientific research:

BY MOUTH:

For colic in breast-fed infants: a specific multi-ingredient product containing 164 mg of fennel, 97 mg of lemon balm, and 178 mg of German chamomile (ColiMil) twice daily for a week.


تيميان(Thymian)شربت

%5/0رازيانه،%7مرزه،%5اوكاليپتوس،%19آويشنهيدروالكليعصاره


فيتوكلد(Phytocold)گرميميلي600قرص%25/12اكيناسه،%17/8آقطيگل،%6/13ختميريشهني،بيگرفتگيسرماخوردگي،علائمرفعجهتكمكيدرمان:مصرفمواردآورخلط


Several species of the echinacea plant are used to make medicine from its

leaves, flower, and root

Echinacea is widely used to fight infections, especially the common cold,

the flu, and other upper respiratory infections.

Some people take echinacea at the first sign of a cold, hoping they will be

able to keep the cold from developing.

Other people take echinacea after cold symptoms have started, hoping

they can make symptoms less severe.


Echinacea is also used against many other infections including

urinary tract infections,

vaginal yeast infections,

herpes, HIV/AIDS, human papilloma virus (HPV),

bloodstream infections (septicemia),

tonsillitis, streptococcus infections,

syphilis, typhoid, malaria, ear infection, swine flu, warts, and nose and throat infections called diphtheria.


Side Effects

Echinacea is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth in the short-term.

Various liquid and solid forms of Echinacea have been used safely for up to 10 days.

Some side effects have been reported such as fever, nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste, stomach pain, diarrhea, sore throat, dry mouth, headache, numbness of the tongue, dizziness, insomnia, disorientation, and joint and muscle aches.

In rare cases, echinacea has been reported to cause inflammation of the liver.

Applying echinacea to the skin can cause redness, itchiness, or a rash.



Children: Echinacea is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth in the short-term. It seems to be safe in most children ages 2-11 years.

However, about 7% of these children may experience a rash that could be due to an allergic reaction.

Pregnancy: Echinacea is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth in the short-term.

Breast feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking Echinacea



An inherited tendency toward allergies (atopy): People with this condition are more

likely to develop an allergic reaction to echinacea. It's best to avoid exposure to

echinacea if you have this condition.

"Auto-immune disorders" such as such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus

(systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a skin disorder

called pemphigus vulgaris, or others: Echinacea might have an effect on the immune

system that could make these conditions worse. Don't take echinacea if you have an

auto-immune disorder.


Interactions

CaffeineInteraction Rating: Moderate

cause too much caffeine in the bloodstream and increase the risk of side effects. Common side effects include jitteriness, headache, and fast heartbeat.

Immunosuppressive medication- Moderate azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune),

daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate(CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids),

Lopinavir / Ritonavir (Kaletra)Interaction Rating: Moderate

increase the side effects

decrease the effects of lopinavir / ritonavir (Kaletra).


https://www.rxlist.com/imuran-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/simulect-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/zenapax-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/cellcept-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/prograf-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/rapamune-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/prednisone-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/deltasone-drug.htm

و روبيميكعفونتهايبدن در برابر دفاعيقدرت كنندهتقویتنهمچنيو ادراري، تنفسيمجاريعفونتهايویژهبه ویروسي

انجام درموقعبدن ایمنيسيستمكنندهتقویت. سرماخوردگي.مفرطهايخستگيو سنگينهايورزش

و اختلالاتاسكلروزپل مولتيمانند سل، حاديبيماريهايدارو در اينرودبكارنبايداتوايميون

گرم شيرابه تازه اندام هوائي گياه ۸۰ميلي ليتر محلول اکيناسول حاوي ۱۰۰هر Echinacea purpure شامل اکيناسئينEchinacein و اسيد شيكوريك

chicoric acid

( محلول، قرص)ایموستيم


:فارماکولوژي

تنفسيليتفعـابالابردن، روبلاستهاــفيبوتحريكفاگوسيتوزعمل کردنفعال 1.

هالوکوسيتاليتـــفعافزايش2.

، يويکلغددفوققشريقسمت فعاليتتحريك، هيالورونيدازفعاليتوقفه 3.و هاباکتريعمل مي تواندکهسرم پروتئينيك)Properdinتوليدتحريك( سازدخنثيهاراويروس

کنندهنكروز، عامل اينترفرونتوليدافزايشگياهاينبعد از درمان با همچنين4..گزارش شده است۱-اينترلوکينتومورها،


طلائيایمونستيم

يري از بالابرنده نيروي ايمني طبيعي بدن، جلوگ.سرماخوردگي و عوارض حاصله از آن

استفاده از اين دارو در دوران بارداري و بيماريهاي حاد مانند سل، مولتي پل .اسكلروز و اختلالات اتوايمون توصيه نمي شود

ميلي گرم، پودر ريشه مهر ۲۵۵هر کپسول حاوي پودر اندام هوائي سرخارگل ميلي گرم مي باشد۵۰( هيدراستيس)طلائي


طلائيایمونستيم

يك، آلكاميدها، پلي الكنها، مشتقات اسيد کافئ: اکيناسهپلي ساکاريدها ، فلاونوئيدها و اسانس فرار

دين، آلكالوئيدهاي هيدراستين، بربرين و کانا: مهر طلائيصمغ، نشاسته و اسانس

تهاي گياه مهر طلائي اثر بارز وازوکنستريكتور، ضد تب نوبه اي و مدر داشته و براي درمان عفونباکتريائي، قارچي و انگلي بكار مي رود



مقدار و نحوه مصرف. هفته مداوم استفاده شود۸سال، یک قرص همراه با یک لیوان آب، سه تا چهار بار در روز و حداکثر به مدت ۱۲در افراد بالای

: سال ۲تا ۱کودکان

بار در 4میوه تا میلی لیتر شربت به صورت رقیق نشده یا بصورت رقیق شده با آب یا آب۱تا 0.5: طی بیماری عفونی در

روز

وه یک بار در میلی لیتر شربت به صورت رقیق نشده یا بصورت رقیق شده با آب یا آبمی۱تا 0.5: عنوان پیشگیری به

روز

: سال 5تا 3کودکان

بار در 4یوه تا میلی لیتر شربت به صورت رقیق نشده یا بصورت رقیق شده با آب یا آبم۲تا ۱: طی بیماری عفونی در

میوه یک بار در میلی لیتر شربت به صورت رقیق نشده یا بصورت رقیق شده با آب یا آب۲تا ۱: روز به عنوان پیشگیری

: سال ۱۲تا 6روز کودکان

بار در 4یوه تا میلی لیتر شربت به صورت رقیق نشده یا بصورت رقیق شده با آب یا آبم4تا ۲: طی بیماری عفونی در

در میوه یک بار میلی لیتر شربت به صورت رقیق نشده یا بصورت رقیق شده با آب یا آب4تا ۲: روز به عنوان پیشگیری

روز

میلی لیتر یک بار در روز5: بار در روز به عنوان پیشگیری 4میلی لیتر 5:در طی بیماری عفونی : سالان بزرگ

Zingiberaceae

Ginger is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic groups, alkaloids, and steroids, which have medicinal effect

The chief aromatic agent of the rhizome is the zingiberol

shogoals, paradol, and zingerone, gingerols

antiemetic, antipyretic, analgesic, antiarthritic, and anti-inflammatory activities

Many studies showed that the ginger and its bioactive compounds

effective antiviral activity against

SARS-CoV-2, Influenza virus, Herpes simplex virus, Human respiratory syncytial virus




Nausea and vomiting caused by HIV/AIDS treatment. Research suggests that taking ginger daily, 30 minutes before each dose of antiretroviral treatment for 14 days, reduces the risk of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving HIV treatment.

Osteoarthritis. taking 500 mg of ginger extract twice daily worked about as well as 400 mg of ibuprofen three times daily for hip and knee pain related to arthritis.

Nausea and vomiting following surgery. Most clinical research shows that taking 1 to 1.5 gram of ginger one hour before surgery seems to reduce nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after surgery.

applying 5% ginger oil to patients' wrists before surgery seems to prevent nausea in about 80% of patients.


Painful menstrual periods.

Ginger powder 500-2000 mg during the first 3-4 days of a menstrual cycle modestly decreases pain in women with painful menstrual periods.

500 mg of ginger three times daily and a specific ginger extract (Zintoma, Goldaru) 250 mg four times daily.

Doses were given for 3 days starting at the beginning of the menstrual period.

The specific ginger extract (Zintoma) seems to work about as well as the medications ibuprofen or mefenamic acid.



https://www.rxlist.com/mefenamic-acid-drug.htm

Sudden respiratory system failure (Acute respiratory distress syndrome).

Research suggests that administering 120 mg of ginger extract daily for up to 21 days

increases the number of days without ventilator support,

increases the amount of nutrients consumed, and

reduces the time spent in intensive care units in people with sudden respiratory system a failure.

However, ginger extract does not seem to affect death rates in people with this condition.


Upset stomach (dyspepsia). Research suggests that taking a single dose of 1.2 grams of ginger root powder one hour before eating speeds up how quickly food empties out of the some in people with dyspepsia.


Side Effects

Ginger is LIKELY SAFE when taken by mouth appropriately.

Some people can have mild side effects including heartburn, diarrhea, and general stomach discomfort.

Some women have reported extra menstrual bleeding while taking ginger.

Ginger is POSSIBLY SAFE when it is applied to the skin appropriately, short-term.

It might cause irritation on the skin for some people.



Pregnancy: Ginger is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth for medicinal uses during

pregnancy.

Breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information

Bleeding disorders: Taking ginger might increase your risk of bleeding.

Diabetes: Ginger might increase your insulin levels and/or lower your blood sugar.

Heart conditions: High doses of ginger might worsen some heart conditions.


Interactions

Nifedipine-Interaction Rating: Major Do not take this combination. Increase risk of bleeding.

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)-Interaction Rating: Moderate

Ginger might slow blood clotting.

aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin(Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin),











Interactions

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)Interaction Rating: Minor

Medications for high blood pressure (Calcium channel blockers)Interaction Rating: Minor


BY MOUTH:

For nausea and vomiting caused by HIV/AIDS treatment: 1 gram of ginger daily in two divided doses 30 minutes before each antiretroviral

treatment for 14 days has been used.

For painful menstrual periods: 250 mg of a specific ginger extract (Zintoma, Goldaru) four times daily for 3 days

from the start of the menstrual period has been used.

1500 mg of ginger powder daily in up to three divided doses, starting up to two days before menstruation and continuing for the first 3 days of the menstruation cycle

For morning sickness: 500 to 2500 mg of ginger daily in two to four divided doses for 3 days to 3 weeks has

been used.

Arthritis: ≈150- 250 mg QID


How to use?

تونجيجنGingiton

آرومینArhumin

زينتوما


آرومین ؛طریقه مصرف

قطره بعد از صبحانه در مقداری آب یا 40با نظر پزشک، یک نوبت در روز به صورت، : به عنوان ضد تهوع در زمان حاملگی-

.آبمیوه میل شود

.دقیقه قبل از مسافرت در مقداری آب یا آبمیوه میل شود45تا 30قطره ، 50: به عنوان ضد تهوع در بیماری مسافرت-

.قطره در مقداری آب، قبل از غذا میل شود30بار هر بار 3روزی : به عنوان ضد تهوع در دوره شیمی درمانی-

قطره بر روی موضع مالیده 40تا ۲0نوبت و هر نوبت 4تا ۲به صورت موضعی یا خوراکی، روزی : برای درد های مفاصل-

.شود و یا همان مقدار در مقداری آب یا آبمیوه میل شود

تونجيجنGingiton

آرومینArhumin

زينتوما


Are there interactions with medications?

Moderate

Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs

aspirin, clopidogrel, NSAIDs, dalteparin, enoxaparin, heparin, warfarin

What dose is used?

BY MOUTH:

Morning sickness: 250 mg QID.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting: 1-2 g/ one h before induction of anesthesia.

Arthritis: ≈150- 250 mg QID


ALLIUM SATIVUM: (COMMON NAME: GARLIC; FAMILY: ALLIACEAE OR LILIACEAE)

The presence of organosulfur constituents like

allicin (major active constituent), ajoene, S-allyl-l-cysteine, diallyl disulfides

(DADS), methyl thiosulfonate and diallyl trisulfides etc. are responsible for these

pharmacological activities.

Allium Sativum can be utilized in diverse varieties such as raw, dried powder,

aqueous extract, oil and aged garlic extract(AGE) form.

Mata analysis interpretation confirmed that AGE produces a dependable lowering

of blood pressure (both SBP and DBP) compared to other forms of A. Sativum

سیر

95


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garlic’s ethanolic extract caused relaxation by sulfide components like allicin in pulmonary arteries of rat via increasing the NO bioavailability

garlic provides polysulfides to red blood cells to boost H2S production and synthesis results vasorelaxation

garlic’s component gamma-glutamyl-cysteines acts as an antagonist to inhibit ACE activity

When Alliin reacts with the Alliinase enzyme, Allicin antagonizes the endothelin-1 effect, decreases vasoconstrictor responses of Ang II and deactivate NF-kB

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99

This food may be helpful

1. to reverse some signs and symptoms observed in these patients,

2. to re-increase or regain the decreased or lost gustatory sense,

3. to increase the number of Treg cells,

4. to increase cytotoxic and helper T cells,

5. to decrease the levels of leptin, leptin receptor and PPAR-γ

6. to increase appetite,

7. to prevent the inhibition of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+, Treg cells,

8. to decrease IL-6 concentrations,

9. to stimulate NK cells,

10. to suppress TNF-α and Creactive protein.



80 mg/kg allicin

allicin attenuate LPS-induced ALI in neonatal rats by

ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and

apoptosis

interferon (IFN)-γ, caspase-3 activity, caspase-9 activity,

glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),

malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, −1β and −10 levels, and

superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, using rat IFN-γ

~human dose=8 mg/kg

600 – 700 mg/Indvi/d

TDS

~ garlic ?

50 g/day ???

Or H2S donner Comp=

270-540 mg/day


Possibly effective for...

Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).

Colon cancer, rectal cancer. high doses of aged garlic extract daily for 12 months

Stomach cancer.

High blood pressure. 7% or 8%. & in normal BP.

Tick bites.

Ringworm. 0.6% ajoene, antifungal.

Jock itch. 0.6% ajoene, antifungal

Athlete’s foot. 1% ajoene, / garlic gel with 1% ajoene = Lamisil (terbinafine).

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103


For high blood pressure: Garlic extract 600-1200 mg TID.

garlic powder extract (1.3% alliin).

Aged garlic extract 600 mg to 7.2 grams / day (0.03% alliin).

Fresh garlic 4 grams (approximately one clove) / day (1% alliin).

Prevention of colon, rectal, and stomach cancer Fresh or cooked garlic 3.5-29 g/ week.

APPLIED TO THE SKIN

ajoene as a 0.4% cream, 0.6% gel, and 1% gel / twice daily for one week.

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Alicom: Coated Tab 100 mg

Allium-S: Coated Tab 500 mg

Garcin: Coated Tab 300, 400 mg

Garlet: Coated Tab 400 mg

Garlic: Drop 25 g/10g

Garlicap: Cap

سیر

105


Major

Isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid): ↓ isoniazid absorbs.

Medications used for HIV/AIDS: ↓ effectiveness. nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz,Saquinavir

Moderate

OCPs: ↓ effectiveness.

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune): ↓ effectiveness.

Antihypertensive drugs

Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs aspirin, clopidogrel , diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, dalteparin, enoxaparin, heparin, warfarin, and

others.

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Fish oil (containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): bleeding.

سیر

106

NIGELLA SATIVA (FAMILY: RANUNCULACEAE; COMMON NAME: SEED OF BLESSING, BLACK CUMIN)

Different aqueous and oily of Seed of Blessing display a broad range of

pharmacological activities and used to treat many ailments and disorders like

diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cardiovascular complications, hepatic

disorder, cancer, kidney disorder and arthritis.

The essential oil of black seed has thymoquinone, as a major active constituent

liable to most of the valuable effects of seeds

reducing ACE in vivo

شونیز، سیاه دانه

107

NIGELLA SATIVA (FAMILY: RANUNCULACEAE; COMMON NAME: SEED OF BLESSING, BLACK CUMIN) شونیز، سیاه دانه

109


TQ cause vasodilation by reducing synthesis and release of metabolites of COX-1 and COX-2.

Black cumin has an inhibiting effect on NF-kB and TNF-a to act as an anti-inflammatory agent


110



دستور مصرفکپسول بعد هر وعده غذايي3-2روزی

112


Are there safety concerns?

Black seed, when taken by mouth in small quantities, such as a flavoring for foods, is LIKELY SAFE for most people.

Black seed oil and black seed extract are POSSIBLY SAFE when medical amounts are used short-term.

There isn't enough information to know if larger, medicinal quantities are safe.

Black seed can cause allergic rashes when applied to the skin.


114



Pregnancy and breast-feeding:

Black seed seems to be safe in food amounts during pregnancy.

But taking larger medicinal amounts is LIKELY UNSAFE.

Black seed can slow down or stop the uterus from contracting.

Not much is known about the safety of using black seed during breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.


115

https://www.rxlist.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11363




Children: Black seed oil is POSSIBLY SAFE for children when taken by mouth short-term and in recommended amounts.

Bleeding disorders: Black seed might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. In theory, black seed might make bleeding disorders worse.

Diabetes: Black seed might lower blood sugar levels in some people. Watch for signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and monitor your blood sugar carefully if you have diabetes and use black seed.

Low blood pressure: Black seed might lower blood pressure. In theory, taking black seed might make blood pressure become too low in people with low blood pressure.


116






Surgery:

Black seed might slow blood clotting, reduce blood sugar, and increase sleepiness in some people.

In theory, black seed might increase the risk for bleeding and interfere with blood sugar control and anesthesia during and after surgical procedures.

Stop using black seed at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery.


117




Are there any interactions with medications?

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)

Interaction Rating: Moderate

Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.

Black seed might lower blood sugar in some people. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking black seed along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to go too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.

Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.


118



https://www.rxlist.com/amaryl-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/diabeta-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/glynase-prestab-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/micronase-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/glucophage-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/actos-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/avandia-drug.htm



Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)

Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.

Black seed might slow blood clotting.

Taking black seed along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.

Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin(Coumadin), and others.


119


https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_clopidogrel_plavix/drugs-condition.htm



https://www.rxlist.com/nsaids_nonsteroidal_antiinflammatory_drugs/drug-class.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_diclofenac_cataflam/drugs-condition.htm




https://www.rxlist.com/motrin_ibuprofen_vs_tylenol_acetaminophen/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_naproxen_aleve/drugs-condition.htm










Medications used for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)

Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.

Black seed might decrease blood pressure in some people.

Taking black seed along with medications used for lowering high blood pressuremight cause your blood pressure to go too low.

Do not take too much black seed if you are taking medications for high blood pressure.

Some medications for high blood pressure include nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan), diltiazem (Cardizem), isradipine (DynaCirc), felodipine (Plendil), amlodipine (Norvasc), and others.


120

https://www.rxlist.com/high_blood_pressure_hypertension_medications/drug-class.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_nifedipine_procardia_adalat/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/adalat-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/procardia-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_verapamil/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/calan-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/isoptin-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/verelan-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/cardizem-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/dynacirc-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_felodipine_plendil/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/plendil-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_amlodipine_norvasc/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/norvasc-drug.htm



Medications that decrease the immune system (Immunosuppressants)

Interaction Rating: Moderate

Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.

Black seed might increase the immune system. By increasing the immune system, black seed might decrease the effectiveness of medications that decrease the immune system.

Some medications that decrease the immune system include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and others.


121

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_azathioprine_azasan_imuran/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/imuran-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/simulect-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_cyclosporine_gengraf_neoral_sandimmune/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/neoral-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/sandimmune-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/zenapax-drug.htm



https://www.rxlist.com/consumer__mycophenolate_cellcept_myfortic/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/cellcept-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/prograf-drug.htm


https://www.rxlist.com/rapamune-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/prednisone-drug.htm

https://www.rxlist.com/deltasone-drug.htm

لآلرگاسپري بيني

فلفل قرمز داراي۳۲-%۳۸تركيب اصلي كاپسائيسين : كاپسایسينوئيدها-

(كاپسانتين، آلفاكاروتين: )كاروتينوئيدها-

(گلوكوزید-o-7شامل آپيين، لوتئولين : )فلاونوئيدها-

.است( كاپسيدین: )و ساپونينها-

.اكاریدها مي باشد، اسكوپولتين، تاننها، فيتوسيترین، اسيدهاي فنوليك، و پلي س(سيتوسترول)گزنه نيز داراي گليكوزیدهاي فلاونول، استرولها

.مواد موثره رزماري شامل استرها، اسيد رزمارینيك، ساپونين، آلكالوئيدها، فلاونوئيدها، ترپنوئيدها و تانن ها مي باشد

سينئول، ميرتنول، آلفا پي نن، گاما ترپنها، بتا پي نن مي باشد۸-۱تركيبات موجود در اكاليپتوس نيز شامل

ميكروگرم 500ميكروگرم كاپسائيسين و ۱5ميلي ليتر این فراورده حاوي ۱00هر منتول افزون براین اسانس رزماري، اسانس اكاليپتوس،. عصاره خشك گزنه مي باشد

.در این فرآورده موجود مي باشد Cو ویتامين


آلرگلاسپري بيني

آبریزش، فصليحساسيتكنندهبرطرف : موارد مصرفهو عطسسينوسهاگرفتگي، سينوسي، سردرد بيني

:فارماکولوژي

اثر گذاشته و به عنوان بويائيدار مخاط ميلين Aفيبرهاياز بعضيو ميلينبدون Cفيبرهاياعصاب رويفلفل قرمز بر •

داردآلرژيكرينيتبر ايويژهدرمانيو اثر کردهرا مهار اکسونرفلكسنوروپپتيدهاکنندهبلوكعامل

سيكلواکسيژنازو ليپواکسيژنازآنزيمهايگزنه بر مهارياثر •

فنوليكاسيد، رزمارينيكاسيد، اسيدکافئيكو فنوليترکيبات•



با تشکر از توجه شما

، سرفه درمان برونشيت، سينوزيت، آبريزش بينيكلدبپماد ب کودکان

%۰.۵،تيمول %۱.۵،منتول%۲اسانس اوکاليپتوس

لينالول، )، مـنـوترپن ها (%۷۰-%۸۵)اسانس اوکاليپتوس محتوي ماده موثره سينئول نعناع منتول ماده موثره اصلي اسانس(. کاريوفيلين)و سزکي ترپن ها ( بورنــــئول

ه تيمول نيز ماده موثره گيا. در روغن نعناع يافت مي شود%۲۹-%۴۸است و به مقدار آويشن مي باشد


كلدبپماد ب . خاصيت ضد ميكروب ، ضدقارچ ، ضد ویروس و آنتي سپتيك است1.

.آنفولانزا وتبخال رااز بين مي برد Aمنتول بطور موضعي ویروس 2.

مل افزون بر این داراي اثر ضد درد است كه از طریق مهار انقباض عضله ناشي از سروتونين آزاد شده ع3.را همچنين رسپتورهاي سرماي روي پوست را تحریك كرده و از این طریق انتقال حس درد. مي نماید

.به نخاع مهار مي سازد

نيسم این مكا. روي كانال هاي كلسيم واقع در انتهاي نرون هاي حسي اثر انتاگونيستي نشان ميدهد 4..موجب اتساع عروق شده و در موضع ایجاد پرخوني مي نماید

بيوسنتز پروستا گلاندین ها را نيز مهار مي سازد 5.

سازدافزون براین خلط آور بوده و داراي اثر ضد باكتري ميباشد و اسپاسم برونشيول ها رابرطرف مي6.


پكتوگلشربت

ريهاي درمان سرفه، برونشيت، سياه سرفه و بيمار التهابي حاد و مزمن ريوي و بعنوان خلط آور د

کودکان و بزرگسالان

.خشك برگ عشقهعصاره % ۱/۴حاوي


شربت توسيان

سرفه، برونشيت، لارنژيت و تنگي نفس

. ميلي ليتر۵ميلي گرم در هر ۷۵۰به ميزان (Thymus vulgaris عصاره مايع برگها و

(.سرشاخه هاي گلدار آويشن

سينئول، بورنئول، ژرانيول، لينالول، ،Carvacrolتيمول، کارواکرول : فنلها شامل(. ژنيناپي ژنين، لوتئولين، تيمونين، نارين)فلاونوئيدها . بورنيل استات، لينالل


ضدالتهاب دهان و گلو لیکوفار

.ضدالتهاب مخاط دهان وگلو، ضدسرفه، خلط آور.عصاره خشک شیرین بیان، اسانس اوکالیپتوس، تنتور کاپسیکوم

آلتادین

Althaea officinalis وMentha piperita

کنندهنرم کننده، ضد التهاب و ضد عفونی خاصیت

.آورخلط و در تحریکات و التهابهای مخاط گلو و دهان

ژل دهانی دولوژل

ریشه سنبل الطیب و بابونه، عصاره : فرمولاسیون

(به دست آمده از کندوی عسل)صمغ پروپولیس


Possibly effective for...

Bronchitis.

Insect repellant.


phytotherapy, vahid reza askari, mums 1

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