I IIIYERLY IEWSLETTER FOR IFRICIN STIIES ISSOCIIlION MEMIEIS

YOUME IIYIII IPRILUNE 1995

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ASA OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1995

OFFICERS President Goran Hyden (University of Florida) Vice-President Iris Berger (SUNY -Albany) Past President Edward A Alpers (UCLA) Treasurer Carol Eastman (University of Hawaii) Executive Director Edna G Bay (Emory University)

DIRECTORS RETIRING IN 1995

Roland Abiodun (Amherst College) Cheryl Johnson-Odim (Loyola University) Jack Parson (The College of Charleston)

RETIRING IN 1996 Robert Bates (Harvard University) Carolyn Brown (Rutgers University) Nancy Schmidt (Indiana University)

RETIRING IN 1997 Robert Harms (Yale University) Isidore Okpewho (SUNY -Binghamton) Marina Ottaway (Georgetown University)

ASA News Vol XXVIII No2 AprJun 1995 ISSN 0278-2219

Editor Edna G Bay Associate Editor Rainier Spencer

Published quarterly by the African Studies Association

E-mail address africaemoryedu

Submissions to ASA News should be sent to ASA News Credit Unshyion Building Emory University Atlanta Georgia 30322 Deadshylines for submissions are December 1 March 1 June 1 and Sepshytember 1

Domestic claims for non-receipt of issues must be made within six months of the month of publication-overseas claims must be made within one year

Notice to Members The United States Postal System does not forward periodicals We must receive written notification from you at least five weeks in advance of any change of address Failshyure to notify us of your correct mailing address will result in susshypension of mailings until we receive such notification We can make address changes only when current dues are paid Reinstateshyment of membership mailings after suspension may be made by payment of a $500 reinstatement fee

FROM THE SECRETARIAT

The month of April marks the end of my term as Executive Director of the ASA These seven years have been marked by harder work than I ever imagined coupled with a good deal of satshyisfaction as individual ASA members have expressed their appreshyciation for my efforts I am particularly appreciative of the supshyport and encouragement given by colleagues and admininstrators at Emory University over the years

There are three important changes in the ASA that I have been proud to be part of during these years The fIrst is the ASAs growth Our individual memberships have nearly doubled in the period since 1988 reflecting in my view both the continuing strength of African studies in the academy and the growing intershyest in African affairs by the current generation of students

The second change is the ASAs movement from self-imposed organizational isolation to increasing participation in educational and policy communities nationally and internationally We now articulate our concerns as educators on a national level through membership in organizations with common interests such as the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Hushymanities Alliance We have also moved albeit gingerly and with an eye to our tax-exempt status towards more direct interaction with organizations involved in African policy formation and imshyplementation

Finally we have taken steps to regularize and professionalize the management of our association We are now less dependent on the good will volunteer efforts and institutional resources of our members associated with major area studies programs We are also well on our way to building a modest endowment to support special projects

Despite the positive changes in the ASA I remain troubled by a trend that threatens conflict between African and other memshybers of the Association Nominations for ASA leadership posishytions are characterized by a form of institutional elitism There is flrst disproportionate weight enjoyed by institutions with federal funding for African studies Beyond that the ASAs leaders tend to be drawn from other elite institutions thus effectively excludshying the talents of large numbers of members many of whom are African whose training and earlier employment outside the US have kept them from having access to appointments in more preshystigious insUtutions Africans now make up nearly 20 percent of all US-based ASA members yet their numbers in leadership roles are disproportionately low The tensions caused by this situation have begun to emerge My parting wish for the ASA is that the current leadership address this problem in a forthright direct and open manner

I look forward to continuing to be part of the intellectual side of ASA life in my capacity as an Emory faculty member

EdnaG Bay

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ASA OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1995

OFFICERS President Goran Hyden (University of Florida) Vice-President Iris Berger (SUNY -Albany) Past President Edward A Alpers (UCLA) Treasurer Carol Eastman (University of Hawaii) Executive Director Edna G Bay (Emory University)

DIRECTORS RETIRING IN 1995

Roland Abiodun (Amherst College) Cheryl Johnson-Odim (Loyola University) Jack Parson (The College of Charleston)

RETIRING IN 1996 Robert Bates (Harvard University) Carolyn Brown (Rutgers University) Nancy Schmidt (Indiana University)

RETIRING IN 1997 Robert Harms (Yale University) Isidore Okpewho (SUNY -Binghamton) Marina Ottaway (Georgetown University)

ASA News Vol XXVIII No2 AprJun 1995 ISSN 0278-2219

Editor Edna G Bay Associate Editor Rainier Spencer

Published quarterly by the African Studies Association

E-mail address africaemoryedu

Submissions to ASA News should be sent to ASA News Credit Unshyion Building Emory University Atlanta Georgia 30322 Deadshylines for submissions are December 1 March 1 June 1 and Sepshytember 1

Domestic claims for non-receipt of issues must be made within six months of the month of publication-overseas claims must be made within one year

Notice to Members The United States Postal System does not forward periodicals We must receive written notification from you at least five weeks in advance of any change of address Failshyure to notify us of your correct mailing address will result in susshypension of mailings until we receive such notification We can make address changes only when current dues are paid Reinstateshyment of membership mailings after suspension may be made by payment of a $500 reinstatement fee

FROM THE SECRETARIAT

The month of April marks the end of my term as Executive Director of the ASA These seven years have been marked by harder work than I ever imagined coupled with a good deal of satshyisfaction as individual ASA members have expressed their appreshyciation for my efforts I am particularly appreciative of the supshyport and encouragement given by colleagues and admininstrators at Emory University over the years

There are three important changes in the ASA that I have been proud to be part of during these years The fIrst is the ASAs growth Our individual memberships have nearly doubled in the period since 1988 reflecting in my view both the continuing strength of African studies in the academy and the growing intershyest in African affairs by the current generation of students

The second change is the ASAs movement from self-imposed organizational isolation to increasing participation in educational and policy communities nationally and internationally We now articulate our concerns as educators on a national level through membership in organizations with common interests such as the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Hushymanities Alliance We have also moved albeit gingerly and with an eye to our tax-exempt status towards more direct interaction with organizations involved in African policy formation and imshyplementation

Finally we have taken steps to regularize and professionalize the management of our association We are now less dependent on the good will volunteer efforts and institutional resources of our members associated with major area studies programs We are also well on our way to building a modest endowment to support special projects

Despite the positive changes in the ASA I remain troubled by a trend that threatens conflict between African and other memshybers of the Association Nominations for ASA leadership posishytions are characterized by a form of institutional elitism There is flrst disproportionate weight enjoyed by institutions with federal funding for African studies Beyond that the ASAs leaders tend to be drawn from other elite institutions thus effectively excludshying the talents of large numbers of members many of whom are African whose training and earlier employment outside the US have kept them from having access to appointments in more preshystigious insUtutions Africans now make up nearly 20 percent of all US-based ASA members yet their numbers in leadership roles are disproportionately low The tensions caused by this situation have begun to emerge My parting wish for the ASA is that the current leadership address this problem in a forthright direct and open manner

I look forward to continuing to be part of the intellectual side of ASA life in my capacity as an Emory faculty member

EdnaG Bay

WE WELCOME NEW ASA MEMBERS (who joined between December 1 1994 and February 28 1995)

Josephine A Adomako Philip A Afeadie AhmedQAli Gloria L Alibaruho Michael 0 Aregbesola Richard Ashford Russell C Ayers Gaelan L Benway Charles Bierley Kay Branagan Akua Brath Ichhard Breitinger Suzanne Broeije Kimberly Burke Kevin Butler Charles Cantalupo Timothy D Carmichael Farida Cassimjee Jennifer Cole George T Crafts Catherine Cutbill Lisa Daniels

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Susan Dicklich Jonathan 0 Dipeolu Uoldelul C Dirar Kandioura Drame Alan Emery Richard Fardon Marilyn H Fetterman Donna K Flynn Galia S Friedman Erik 0 Gilbert Lyn Graybill Cathy Gregory Laura S Grillo Ambaro M Guled GeonSHan Leonhard Harding Gillian Hart Jeffrey M Hayer Stephen C Hill Haroun B Ibraheem Christopher Johnson Monica M Kinberg

Stephen A King Paul Konye Loren A Kruger Stephen A Lucas Suzanne H Mac Rae Joel Macul Richard R Marcus William A Masters Patrick U Mbajekwe Patricia Mc Cormick Samuel A Mensah Christine Mirasy Robert Moghalu Abdel S Mohamed Marcell Moldoveanu Steven Morris Tola Mosadomi Mansur M Nuruddin Chinwe A Nwanekwu Apollos 0 Nwauwa Fanny Nyaribo Amos N Oladipo

Dana Ott Eva Poluha Samuel E Quainoo David Rawson Bess Reed Kevin Schroeder Carolyn M Shaw Shaun Skelton Daniel R Smith Rebecca Stone Scott D Taylor Carol B Thompson Hakeem I Tijani Ethel Tracy Hamdesa Tuso N Frank Ukadike J C M Van Santen Robert Vinson David Wield Harris E Williams

I WE THANK ASA ENDOWMENT DONORS I (who contributed between December 1 1994 and February 281995)

I Kwame Agyenim-Boateng Jean Allman

II Anthony Appiah

Janet Beik Joseph E Black Caroline Bledsoe Catherine C Boyle George E Brooks Barbara B Brown Linda K Brown Linda Bucher Thomas Callaghy S Terry Childs Greta M Coger Francis Conant John M D Crossey R Hunt Davis Virginia De Lancey Mcsamuel R Dixon-Fyle

Carol M Eastman William B Edmondson Risa Ellovich

Jo Ellen Fair Toyin FaIola Tyrone Ferdnance Susan Geiger Charles Geshekter Paula Girshick Roger Gocking Donald Gordon Jean E M Gosebrink Albert L Gray William A Hance Dorothy L Hodgson Bonnie K Holcomb Mary Holmstrom Allen Howard Helen R Kohler

Elizabeth J F Knowles Jon Kraus Milton Krieger Judith Krieger Joseph L Lauer Olga F Linares Richard A Long Donna J Maier Kristin Mann Henry E Mokosso David C Moore KC Morrison Jack H Mower Isaac J Mowoe Angal uki M uaka Jonathan Ngate Isidore Okpewho Christa L Olson Andrew K Omo-Abu

Mary J Osirim Rona Peligal Lucie C Phillips Henry P Porter Allyson Purpura Frank A Salamone Eve Sandberg David P Sandgren Margaret 0 Saunders James R Scarritt David L Schoenbrun Edwin S Segal Ann Seidman Peter Seitel Carol Sicherman Peter E Siegle David E Skinner Monteze M Snyder Thomas Spear

AprilJune 1995

David Sperling Barbara P Thomas-Slayter Daniel Volman Jennifer A Widner Janet Stanley Carol B Thompson Elias N Wakoson David R Woods Alonzo T Stephens Muhammad S Umar Richard Weisfelder Larry W Yarak Margaret Strobel Monica Van Beusekom Claude E WelchJr Renee L Tantala Denis Venter Winston R Wells

Special Donors (gifts of $100 or more)

Phyllis Bischof John B Howell GoranHyden M Crawford Young

African Studies Review Thanks Reviewers The assistance of the following scholars each of whom has reviewed one or more manuscripts for the African Studies Review in the past year is greatly appreciated

-Mark W Delancey Editor

Abegunrin O Fuller Bruce Makward Edris Sarhof Joseph Aji Aron Furlong Patrick Manchuelle Francois Schmidt Nancey AmblerCJharles Glover Koffi Marenin Otwin Schraeder Peter Amin JA Gordan Andy Markovitz Irving Scott P Aspaas Helen Gruhn Isebill Martin Guy Scotton James BaduJA Hardin Kris Mayer Doe Segal Edwin Battestini Simon HergartyGeorge Mazur Robert Segal Aaron Baxter Paul Hollos Marida Meisenhelder Torn Shaw Tim BawuahK Holm John Merryfield Merry Sindima H Benyon JA Holmquist Frank Messing Simon Sicherman Carol Bishku M Houyou~Suzanne Moore Jesse Siegal Brian Boakye-Sarpong Kwame Hutchinson John Moore Will Smaldone Joseph Boyd Baron Hyden Goran MoseleyK Snyder W Bradley Candice James Valentine Mozaffer Shaheen Soppelsa Robbert Breitborde Lawrence Johnson Valentine Mundt Robert Sparks Donald Brunger Scott Khadiagala Gilbert Newbury Catherine Speed Clark Cattell Maria Kieh George Normandy Elizabeth SpIeth Janice CartWright J Killam Douglas Nwankwo Chimalum Switzer L Clevaland David Konings Piet Nyangoro Julius Sunai C Cobbe James Kranzdorf Richard Odim Cheryl Tignor Robert Coger Dalvin Kraus Jon Ofkansky Thomas Trager Lilian Cooper Barbara Krieger Milton Ojaide Tanure bull Tlou Josiah Copson Raymond Kriger Norma Omodele Remi Tripp Aili Courville Cindy Larson Charles Orvis Steve Tuck Michael Crowley D Lauer Joseph Ottenberg Simon Uwazurike Chudi Desfosses H Leighton Neil Owomoyek Oyekan Warren DM Day Linda Lepine R Panford Kwamina Westley David Diduk Susan Levine Victor Parson Jack Winans Edgar Dixon-Fyle Mac Lewis Barbara Patterson Dave Woods Dwayne Ekeh Peter Lippert Anne Quirin James Windrich Elaine Emeagwali Gloria Little Greta Reed Cyrus Worger William Elango Lovett Lodge Torn Rathgeber Eva Wubneh Mulatu Falk-Moore Sally Love Janice Reynolds A Wunsch James FaIola Toyin MvClellan Charles Roder Wolf Volman D Feldsman-Savelsberg Pam McMillan Susan Rothchild Donald Van De Walle Nicolas Fox Robert McLaren Joseph Sarnoff Joel Yoder Stanley Forrest JB Mabbs-Zeno Carl Sanbrook Richard Young Crawford Franken Marjorie MacGaffey Wyatt Sander Reinhard Zachemuk Philip

AprilJune 1995

1995 ASA ELECTIONS The following persons have been nominated to stand for election as officers and members of the ASA Board of Directors Return envelopes and aballot for the election have been inserted in copies of this newsletter sent to 1995 individual members Ballots must be mailed to the Secretariat offices no later than June 30 1995

Ifyour newsletter did not contain aballot it means that we had not received your membership renewal prior to April 1 1995 Once you have paid your 1995 membership dues you are entitled to vote If you wish to participate in the 1995 elections please include a self-addressed stamped business envelope with your membership renewal and our staffwill forward a ballot to you

Vice PresidentPresident-Elect Gwendolyn Mikell Anthropology Georgetown University Ibrahim Sundiata History Brandeis University

Directors Mary Jo Arnoldi Art History Smithsonian Institution Keletso Atkins History University of Michigan William Martin Sociology University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign James Mittelman Political Science American University Julius Nyangoro African and African-American Studies

UNC-Chapel Hill Claire Robertson History and Womens Studies Ohio State

University Carolyn Somerville Political Science Hunter CollegeibullI Christopher Udry Economics Northwestern University

j Gwendolyn Mikell Statement of CandidacyI

The African Studies Association ~ survive and thrive in a time that is more conservative than we have known in the past It must do so because African issues have to be represented to a group of lay persons and policy makers who erroneously believe that helping Africa is not in the American interest

I am a candidate for the ASA presidency because I enjoy combining the roles of active scholar and informed participant on issues related to Africa My research activities in Ghana have been continuous since the 1970s (rural development gender and the impact of social policies on peoples lives) then in South Africa in 1992 and I continue to do consultancies and other professional work throughout west and south Africa occasionally running workshops on Women and Democratization in Monrovia Freetown and parts of Nigeria I served on the Board of ASA from 1991 to 1994 (assigned to the Finance Committee and to work relative to Congress and the Boren Amendment) On behalf of ASA I have participated in conferences with Chinese and Japanese Africanists and with ACLS In addition my associational memberships include the Association for Africanist Anthropology (within the AAA) the Association for Women in

Development the Council on Foreign Relations Ghana Studies Association and TransAfrica

Currently I am a professor of anthropology and I am completing the chairship of the Sociology Department at Georgetown University in Washington DC where I have taught since 1976 Born in Chicago I attended the University of Chicago for my BA in sociology in 1969 with a minor in anthropology Confirming my interest in anthropology I attended Columbia University where I continued to explore kinship but specialized in political and economic anthropology My professors at Columbia imparted an enthusiasm about the study of Asia Europe and the Caribbean while also encouraging my specialization in African Studies My PhD thesis at Columbia (1975) examined the impact of cocoa cash-cropping on ethnic and political culture in the Sunyani District of Brong Ahafo Ghana Despite my ongoing interest in African-American culture and theories of gender relations it is the study of African politics and economics that provides the thread running through my work in anthropology

Observing the continent undergo a transition from the inspirational days of independence personalities and politics to a decade of social economic and political struggle had an impact on me At the personal gender and scholarly levels I have attempted to try to blend the insights of the humanities arts and social and natural sciences in seeking to understand African problems and prospects My publications reflect these concerns My book-length manuscripts include Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana (1989 and 1992 editions) Mikell (ed) African Women States ofCrisis (1996 forthcoming) and Mikell (ed) African Women and Development in the 1980s (1985) My recent articles include such works as Peasant Politicization and Economic Recuperation in Ghana Local and National Dilemmas JMAS 1989 Culture Law and Social Policy Changing the Economic Status of Women in Ghana Yale Journal of International Law 1992 and Using the Courts to Obtain Relief Akan Women and Family Courts in Fatima Meers (ed) Poverty in the 1990s The Responses of Urban Women 1994 Currently I am working on African women and peace-building in the 199Os-a topic I will

AprilJune 1995

explore at the 4th International Conference of Women in Beijing in September 1995

Today Americans are being challenged to think in relative terms about coexistence with Mrica and other continents My desire is to see ASA take principled positions consonant with its goals and mandates and to engage others in dialogue about the importance of Africa to scholarship and to world events As ASA President I would seek to enhance internal relationships between ASAs various constituencies as well as to broaden ASAs external presence in national and international arenas

Ibrahim K Sundiata Statement of Candidacy

Mter completing my undergraduate studies in history at Ohio Wesleyan University (BA 1966) I went on to do my graduate work at Northwestern (PhD 1972) During my first year there my interest in West Mrica was quickened by participation in a Ford Foundation summer project in Ghana I have taught at Rutgers University Northwestern University and the University of Illinois at Chicago I am presently Beinfeld Professor of Mrican and Afro-American Studies at Brandeis University and chair of the department

Fulbright-Hays and Woodrow Wilson Fellowships are among the grants I have received In 1983-84 I served as Fulbright Professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia in Salvador Brazil Three years later I received the University of Illinois Chancellors Research Grant and did fieldwork in Sierra Leone Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea My research interests continue to focus on the creation of social ethnic and gender identities in Mrica My publications include nineteen articles and three books Black Scandal America and the Liberian Labor Crisis (1980) Equatorial Guinea Colonialism State Terror and the Search for Stability (1990) The latter was the winner of the Choice Book Award of the American Association of Academic and Research Libraries The third book is From Slaving to Neoslavery The Bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the Era of Abolition (1995) In addition to scholarship I have served on review panels for the National Endowment for the Humanities

My interest and participation in the African Studies Association has spanned several decades In 1981 I was elected to the Board of Directors and served on the Executive Committee I believe that now at a time when certain quarters speak of the irrelevance of Mrica it is necessary for the organization to take an active and progressive stance

(1) The ASA should continue to involve itself in discussions of national policies toward Africa while never becoming the tool of any non-academic interest I feel strongly that the ASA must contribute to reasoned policy

discussions on a range of issues from aid to AIDS (2) The ASA should engage in greater outreach efforts

to reach all of the constituencies within and without academia which have an interest in Mrica The image of Africa continues to be largely negative in the American media and much of the work of academic Mricanists has not diffused widely I would work strenuously to remedy this situation

(3) The ASA must become more inclusive and promote interchange with African scholars and those of the Mrican Diaspora Specifically I would strive to bring more scholars from the continent into touch with the ASA and would explore ways in which we of the organization might strengthen the role of African universities in their own African studies Also I would encourage the ASA to become more involved with the burgeoning African-American interest in Africa and to engage in inclusive dialogue with all of the tendencies and schools within Africanist scholarship

Mary Jo Arnoldi Biographical Information

I am honored to be nominated to the Board of Directors of the ASA In 1975 I received an MA in African art history from Michigan State University and in 1983 a PhD in Mrican art history from Indiana UniverSity From 1983-85 I taught at the University of Missouri at Kansas City and was a curator at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Since 1985 I have been the Curator of Mrican Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology Smithsonian Institution I have conducted research on the arts and expressive culture of Mali since 1978 and have published numerous journal articles Recently I completed a book on Malian performance arts and an edited volume on African material culture which will appear in 1995 and 1996 respectively I have also curated numerous museum exhibitions on Mrican arts and culture

For many years I have been active in the ASA and in the Arts Council of the ASA In 1981 I served as the Program and Local Arrangements coordinator for the ASA annual meeting in Bloomington Between 1982 and 1992 I served on the board of the Arts Council and was president from 1990-91 In 1992 I was on the Arts Council Program Committee for the Ninth Triennial SympOSium on Mrican Art and in 1994 served on the ASA National Program Committee for the Toronto meeting I am currently serving on ASAs Distinguished Mricanist Committee Statement of Candidacy

I would work to strengthen the tradition of open dialogue that characterizes much of ASAs history Today it is critical that the ASA provides a setting where members are encouraged and feel welcome to engage in a civil

AprilJune 1995

dialogue that addresses differences in members experiences perspectives and philosophies concerning Africa and African Studies In order to promote these dialogues I believe that the ASA must actively encourage more African Diaspora scholars to join the association It must also continue its efforts to fund the participation of African scholars in all ASA activities and initiatives

I would also lend my efforts to new and ongoing initiatives whose aims are to counter the prevailing negative stereotypes of Africa in the American media I would support institutional linkages and networks for the promotion of the study and understanding of Africa and the African Diaspora in American universities schools museums and other public institutions

Keletso E Atkins Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when the late Tom Mboya visited my seventh-grade class at Daniel Hale Williams elementary schoolt southside Chicago Mr Mboyat who was then minister of education challenged us as young black scholars to learn about the peoples of Africa We were awed by our distinguished visitor and delighted when he extended an invitation to visit Kenya someday In secondary school I was one of the founding members and the first president (1962) of the Student Advocates for Negro History (SANH) SANH was the first organization of its kind in the country to advocate and actively demonstrate for the inclusion of African and African American history in the public school curriculum SANH members taught black history courses in the alternative Freedom Schools that were organized during the public school boycotts in the turbulent 60s We were invited frequently on other occasions to give talks to community groups in the inner city and in the white suburbs In 1966 the Black Student Association at Loop City College an organization in which I held an office was instrumental in persuading the social science department to include African history in its course offerings

After receiving my MA degree I served in the Peace Corps (1975-78) as a teacher and chair of the history department at Tutume community College Botswana Upon completion of my PhD I was on the faculty of the history department of the University of Minnesota (1986-87) and the University of California-Santa Barbara (1987-89) I am currently an associate professor at the University of Michigan

Education Loop City College (AA 1968) Roosevelt University (BA 1970) Northwestern University (MA 1974) University of Wisconsin-Madison (PhD 1986) Awards Fulbright-Hays International Doctoral Research Fellowship (1981-82) Social Science Research Council International Doctoral Fellowship (1982-83) American

Association of University Women Fellowship (1984) Herskovits Award (1994) Choice Outstanding Book (1995) National Humanities Center Fellowship (1995-96) Recent publication The Moon Is Dead Give Us Our Money The Cultural Origins ofan African Work Ethic Natal South Africa 1843-1900 Statement of Candidacy

I believe that in producing the next generation of scholars the ASA needs to address itself more forcefully to the issue of diversity As a member of the Board of Directors I would be particularly supportive of the following ASA initiatives

1 Encouraging the training of greater numbers of Africans and African American scholars

2 Establishing andor strengthening ties with historically black colleges and universities

3 Developing a scholarship fund that would enable younger African scholars to study in institutions of higher education in the United States

4 Promoting the ideals of a new South Africa by supporting the above initiatives Members of the majority population would benefit greatly from such opportunities of exposure to challenging academic environments This would also enable them to acquire the skills needed to produce independent scholarship

William G Martin Biographical Information

I was initially drawn towards Africa through the inspiration of African scholars students and activists-first as an undergraduate at the University of Michigan then as a graduate student at SUNY-Binghamton (PhD 1986) and while engaged in research across southern Africa Publications from this work include essays in the International Journal ofAfrican Historical Studies Journal of Southern African Studies ROAPE and with African co-authors How Fast the Wind

My first teaching post at the University of Illinois in 1986 led to new challenges particularly as demand for my African-related courses escalated rapidly and became predominantly populated (60-90) by students of color I have subsequently spent considerable time listening discussing and debating with students and colleagues new understandings of AfricanAfrica From this has flowed publications as well as numerous workshop presentations on how we move beyond Euro-North American frameworks within my discipline African studies and the classroom-including a forthcoming collection (co-edited with Michael West) addressing the intersection of African studies African scholarship and African-American studies)

As Chair of the ASAs Current Issues Council I helped launch a related series of panels on the future of African

AprilJune 1995

Studies and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the forthcoming ISSUE on this subject At Illinois I am a core member of the Center for African Studies a faculty affiliate of the African-American Studies and Research Program and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology Department Finally I am currently Co-Chair (with AI Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars working particularly on the threat of African Studies being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department of Defense (ie the Boren Bill) I have also written for a public audience from the Nation to Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly

By way of public disclosure I have received funding as a Fulbright Scholar and from the National Science Foundation the Ford Foundation and the American Sociological Association I am currently principal investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and University of the Western Cape faculty with common interests in African and African-American studies Statement of Candidacy

African studies stands at a crossroads we face the prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline Disturbing portents abound from waning federal private and university support to the media presentation of Africans as being riddled by disease war famine and anarchy Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well from new perspectives and voices to a resurgent demanding interest in Africa among people of African descent

ASA needs to not only defend African studies but actively seize the opportunities these latter developments offer Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms that have grown up between US Africanists and African scholars on the continent the African-American community and reemergent traditions of transpan-African scholarship Individual actions towards these ends need further emphasis

bull greater support for participation at ASA by African organizations young scholars and scholars with children (child care)

bull a stronger outreach program bull support to African libraries and publishers bull reaching out to Diaspora studies Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little

impact What more might ASA do We need first to discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the participation of a broader African constituency and then tackle these with coherent initiatives Concretely this would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as

bull a series of open community meetings regarding representation and future agendas

bull officially-sponsored surveys of representation and activity by race and gender as is done by most national academic associations

AprilJune 1995

bull a focusing of joint programs conferences and publications on efforts that address inequalities and organize research that cut across the boundaries of the diSciplines African studies and continental divides -including an ASA meeting on the continent

There is I believe widespread agreement on the need for such programs Without them we face the alternative much discussed among British Africanists the end of university and national support for the study of Africa even as interest in things African multiply outside the academy With such programs a new expanded leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in creating a more representative engaged and forceful constituency for the study of Africa

James H Mittleman Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the African Studies Program at Makerere University Kampala Subsequently I earned an MA and a PhD at Cornell University

After teaching African politics at Columbia University for eight years I was the founding director of the first undergraduate international studies major in the New York metropolitan area based at The City College I have also served as Professor and Dean Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver Professor and Dean of Social Sciences Queens College City University of New York and Professor and Chair Department of Comparative and Regional Studies The American University

I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane University the University of Dar es Salaam Princeton UniversityS Center of International Studies and the Makerere Institute for Social Research In addition I have organized training programs at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research have evaluated UNESCOs educational projects in Africa and was Director of the Social Science Foundation

I have received awards from the American Council for Leamed Societies Institute for the Study of World Politics International Studies Association Social Science Research Council United Nations University World Policy Institute and World Society Foundation

All of my work has been concerned with the historical question of how people became embroiled in underdevelopment and practical strategies for escaping it I am the author of six books and monographs including Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom Underdevelopment (1988) My articles have appeared in such journals as Afro-American Studies Issue African Studies Review Journal ofModern African Studies Journal of Southern African Affairs Journal of Southern African Studies Africa

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

David Sperling Barbara P Thomas-Slayter Daniel Volman Jennifer A Widner Janet Stanley Carol B Thompson Elias N Wakoson David R Woods Alonzo T Stephens Muhammad S Umar Richard Weisfelder Larry W Yarak Margaret Strobel Monica Van Beusekom Claude E WelchJr Renee L Tantala Denis Venter Winston R Wells

Special Donors (gifts of $100 or more)

Phyllis Bischof John B Howell GoranHyden M Crawford Young

African Studies Review Thanks Reviewers The assistance of the following scholars each of whom has reviewed one or more manuscripts for the African Studies Review in the past year is greatly appreciated

-Mark W Delancey Editor

Abegunrin O Fuller Bruce Makward Edris Sarhof Joseph Aji Aron Furlong Patrick Manchuelle Francois Schmidt Nancey AmblerCJharles Glover Koffi Marenin Otwin Schraeder Peter Amin JA Gordan Andy Markovitz Irving Scott P Aspaas Helen Gruhn Isebill Martin Guy Scotton James BaduJA Hardin Kris Mayer Doe Segal Edwin Battestini Simon HergartyGeorge Mazur Robert Segal Aaron Baxter Paul Hollos Marida Meisenhelder Torn Shaw Tim BawuahK Holm John Merryfield Merry Sindima H Benyon JA Holmquist Frank Messing Simon Sicherman Carol Bishku M Houyou~Suzanne Moore Jesse Siegal Brian Boakye-Sarpong Kwame Hutchinson John Moore Will Smaldone Joseph Boyd Baron Hyden Goran MoseleyK Snyder W Bradley Candice James Valentine Mozaffer Shaheen Soppelsa Robbert Breitborde Lawrence Johnson Valentine Mundt Robert Sparks Donald Brunger Scott Khadiagala Gilbert Newbury Catherine Speed Clark Cattell Maria Kieh George Normandy Elizabeth SpIeth Janice CartWright J Killam Douglas Nwankwo Chimalum Switzer L Clevaland David Konings Piet Nyangoro Julius Sunai C Cobbe James Kranzdorf Richard Odim Cheryl Tignor Robert Coger Dalvin Kraus Jon Ofkansky Thomas Trager Lilian Cooper Barbara Krieger Milton Ojaide Tanure bull Tlou Josiah Copson Raymond Kriger Norma Omodele Remi Tripp Aili Courville Cindy Larson Charles Orvis Steve Tuck Michael Crowley D Lauer Joseph Ottenberg Simon Uwazurike Chudi Desfosses H Leighton Neil Owomoyek Oyekan Warren DM Day Linda Lepine R Panford Kwamina Westley David Diduk Susan Levine Victor Parson Jack Winans Edgar Dixon-Fyle Mac Lewis Barbara Patterson Dave Woods Dwayne Ekeh Peter Lippert Anne Quirin James Windrich Elaine Emeagwali Gloria Little Greta Reed Cyrus Worger William Elango Lovett Lodge Torn Rathgeber Eva Wubneh Mulatu Falk-Moore Sally Love Janice Reynolds A Wunsch James FaIola Toyin MvClellan Charles Roder Wolf Volman D Feldsman-Savelsberg Pam McMillan Susan Rothchild Donald Van De Walle Nicolas Fox Robert McLaren Joseph Sarnoff Joel Yoder Stanley Forrest JB Mabbs-Zeno Carl Sanbrook Richard Young Crawford Franken Marjorie MacGaffey Wyatt Sander Reinhard Zachemuk Philip

AprilJune 1995

1995 ASA ELECTIONS The following persons have been nominated to stand for election as officers and members of the ASA Board of Directors Return envelopes and aballot for the election have been inserted in copies of this newsletter sent to 1995 individual members Ballots must be mailed to the Secretariat offices no later than June 30 1995

Ifyour newsletter did not contain aballot it means that we had not received your membership renewal prior to April 1 1995 Once you have paid your 1995 membership dues you are entitled to vote If you wish to participate in the 1995 elections please include a self-addressed stamped business envelope with your membership renewal and our staffwill forward a ballot to you

Vice PresidentPresident-Elect Gwendolyn Mikell Anthropology Georgetown University Ibrahim Sundiata History Brandeis University

Directors Mary Jo Arnoldi Art History Smithsonian Institution Keletso Atkins History University of Michigan William Martin Sociology University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign James Mittelman Political Science American University Julius Nyangoro African and African-American Studies

UNC-Chapel Hill Claire Robertson History and Womens Studies Ohio State

University Carolyn Somerville Political Science Hunter CollegeibullI Christopher Udry Economics Northwestern University

j Gwendolyn Mikell Statement of CandidacyI

The African Studies Association ~ survive and thrive in a time that is more conservative than we have known in the past It must do so because African issues have to be represented to a group of lay persons and policy makers who erroneously believe that helping Africa is not in the American interest

I am a candidate for the ASA presidency because I enjoy combining the roles of active scholar and informed participant on issues related to Africa My research activities in Ghana have been continuous since the 1970s (rural development gender and the impact of social policies on peoples lives) then in South Africa in 1992 and I continue to do consultancies and other professional work throughout west and south Africa occasionally running workshops on Women and Democratization in Monrovia Freetown and parts of Nigeria I served on the Board of ASA from 1991 to 1994 (assigned to the Finance Committee and to work relative to Congress and the Boren Amendment) On behalf of ASA I have participated in conferences with Chinese and Japanese Africanists and with ACLS In addition my associational memberships include the Association for Africanist Anthropology (within the AAA) the Association for Women in

Development the Council on Foreign Relations Ghana Studies Association and TransAfrica

Currently I am a professor of anthropology and I am completing the chairship of the Sociology Department at Georgetown University in Washington DC where I have taught since 1976 Born in Chicago I attended the University of Chicago for my BA in sociology in 1969 with a minor in anthropology Confirming my interest in anthropology I attended Columbia University where I continued to explore kinship but specialized in political and economic anthropology My professors at Columbia imparted an enthusiasm about the study of Asia Europe and the Caribbean while also encouraging my specialization in African Studies My PhD thesis at Columbia (1975) examined the impact of cocoa cash-cropping on ethnic and political culture in the Sunyani District of Brong Ahafo Ghana Despite my ongoing interest in African-American culture and theories of gender relations it is the study of African politics and economics that provides the thread running through my work in anthropology

Observing the continent undergo a transition from the inspirational days of independence personalities and politics to a decade of social economic and political struggle had an impact on me At the personal gender and scholarly levels I have attempted to try to blend the insights of the humanities arts and social and natural sciences in seeking to understand African problems and prospects My publications reflect these concerns My book-length manuscripts include Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana (1989 and 1992 editions) Mikell (ed) African Women States ofCrisis (1996 forthcoming) and Mikell (ed) African Women and Development in the 1980s (1985) My recent articles include such works as Peasant Politicization and Economic Recuperation in Ghana Local and National Dilemmas JMAS 1989 Culture Law and Social Policy Changing the Economic Status of Women in Ghana Yale Journal of International Law 1992 and Using the Courts to Obtain Relief Akan Women and Family Courts in Fatima Meers (ed) Poverty in the 1990s The Responses of Urban Women 1994 Currently I am working on African women and peace-building in the 199Os-a topic I will

AprilJune 1995

explore at the 4th International Conference of Women in Beijing in September 1995

Today Americans are being challenged to think in relative terms about coexistence with Mrica and other continents My desire is to see ASA take principled positions consonant with its goals and mandates and to engage others in dialogue about the importance of Africa to scholarship and to world events As ASA President I would seek to enhance internal relationships between ASAs various constituencies as well as to broaden ASAs external presence in national and international arenas

Ibrahim K Sundiata Statement of Candidacy

Mter completing my undergraduate studies in history at Ohio Wesleyan University (BA 1966) I went on to do my graduate work at Northwestern (PhD 1972) During my first year there my interest in West Mrica was quickened by participation in a Ford Foundation summer project in Ghana I have taught at Rutgers University Northwestern University and the University of Illinois at Chicago I am presently Beinfeld Professor of Mrican and Afro-American Studies at Brandeis University and chair of the department

Fulbright-Hays and Woodrow Wilson Fellowships are among the grants I have received In 1983-84 I served as Fulbright Professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia in Salvador Brazil Three years later I received the University of Illinois Chancellors Research Grant and did fieldwork in Sierra Leone Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea My research interests continue to focus on the creation of social ethnic and gender identities in Mrica My publications include nineteen articles and three books Black Scandal America and the Liberian Labor Crisis (1980) Equatorial Guinea Colonialism State Terror and the Search for Stability (1990) The latter was the winner of the Choice Book Award of the American Association of Academic and Research Libraries The third book is From Slaving to Neoslavery The Bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the Era of Abolition (1995) In addition to scholarship I have served on review panels for the National Endowment for the Humanities

My interest and participation in the African Studies Association has spanned several decades In 1981 I was elected to the Board of Directors and served on the Executive Committee I believe that now at a time when certain quarters speak of the irrelevance of Mrica it is necessary for the organization to take an active and progressive stance

(1) The ASA should continue to involve itself in discussions of national policies toward Africa while never becoming the tool of any non-academic interest I feel strongly that the ASA must contribute to reasoned policy

discussions on a range of issues from aid to AIDS (2) The ASA should engage in greater outreach efforts

to reach all of the constituencies within and without academia which have an interest in Mrica The image of Africa continues to be largely negative in the American media and much of the work of academic Mricanists has not diffused widely I would work strenuously to remedy this situation

(3) The ASA must become more inclusive and promote interchange with African scholars and those of the Mrican Diaspora Specifically I would strive to bring more scholars from the continent into touch with the ASA and would explore ways in which we of the organization might strengthen the role of African universities in their own African studies Also I would encourage the ASA to become more involved with the burgeoning African-American interest in Africa and to engage in inclusive dialogue with all of the tendencies and schools within Africanist scholarship

Mary Jo Arnoldi Biographical Information

I am honored to be nominated to the Board of Directors of the ASA In 1975 I received an MA in African art history from Michigan State University and in 1983 a PhD in Mrican art history from Indiana UniverSity From 1983-85 I taught at the University of Missouri at Kansas City and was a curator at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Since 1985 I have been the Curator of Mrican Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology Smithsonian Institution I have conducted research on the arts and expressive culture of Mali since 1978 and have published numerous journal articles Recently I completed a book on Malian performance arts and an edited volume on African material culture which will appear in 1995 and 1996 respectively I have also curated numerous museum exhibitions on Mrican arts and culture

For many years I have been active in the ASA and in the Arts Council of the ASA In 1981 I served as the Program and Local Arrangements coordinator for the ASA annual meeting in Bloomington Between 1982 and 1992 I served on the board of the Arts Council and was president from 1990-91 In 1992 I was on the Arts Council Program Committee for the Ninth Triennial SympOSium on Mrican Art and in 1994 served on the ASA National Program Committee for the Toronto meeting I am currently serving on ASAs Distinguished Mricanist Committee Statement of Candidacy

I would work to strengthen the tradition of open dialogue that characterizes much of ASAs history Today it is critical that the ASA provides a setting where members are encouraged and feel welcome to engage in a civil

AprilJune 1995

dialogue that addresses differences in members experiences perspectives and philosophies concerning Africa and African Studies In order to promote these dialogues I believe that the ASA must actively encourage more African Diaspora scholars to join the association It must also continue its efforts to fund the participation of African scholars in all ASA activities and initiatives

I would also lend my efforts to new and ongoing initiatives whose aims are to counter the prevailing negative stereotypes of Africa in the American media I would support institutional linkages and networks for the promotion of the study and understanding of Africa and the African Diaspora in American universities schools museums and other public institutions

Keletso E Atkins Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when the late Tom Mboya visited my seventh-grade class at Daniel Hale Williams elementary schoolt southside Chicago Mr Mboyat who was then minister of education challenged us as young black scholars to learn about the peoples of Africa We were awed by our distinguished visitor and delighted when he extended an invitation to visit Kenya someday In secondary school I was one of the founding members and the first president (1962) of the Student Advocates for Negro History (SANH) SANH was the first organization of its kind in the country to advocate and actively demonstrate for the inclusion of African and African American history in the public school curriculum SANH members taught black history courses in the alternative Freedom Schools that were organized during the public school boycotts in the turbulent 60s We were invited frequently on other occasions to give talks to community groups in the inner city and in the white suburbs In 1966 the Black Student Association at Loop City College an organization in which I held an office was instrumental in persuading the social science department to include African history in its course offerings

After receiving my MA degree I served in the Peace Corps (1975-78) as a teacher and chair of the history department at Tutume community College Botswana Upon completion of my PhD I was on the faculty of the history department of the University of Minnesota (1986-87) and the University of California-Santa Barbara (1987-89) I am currently an associate professor at the University of Michigan

Education Loop City College (AA 1968) Roosevelt University (BA 1970) Northwestern University (MA 1974) University of Wisconsin-Madison (PhD 1986) Awards Fulbright-Hays International Doctoral Research Fellowship (1981-82) Social Science Research Council International Doctoral Fellowship (1982-83) American

Association of University Women Fellowship (1984) Herskovits Award (1994) Choice Outstanding Book (1995) National Humanities Center Fellowship (1995-96) Recent publication The Moon Is Dead Give Us Our Money The Cultural Origins ofan African Work Ethic Natal South Africa 1843-1900 Statement of Candidacy

I believe that in producing the next generation of scholars the ASA needs to address itself more forcefully to the issue of diversity As a member of the Board of Directors I would be particularly supportive of the following ASA initiatives

1 Encouraging the training of greater numbers of Africans and African American scholars

2 Establishing andor strengthening ties with historically black colleges and universities

3 Developing a scholarship fund that would enable younger African scholars to study in institutions of higher education in the United States

4 Promoting the ideals of a new South Africa by supporting the above initiatives Members of the majority population would benefit greatly from such opportunities of exposure to challenging academic environments This would also enable them to acquire the skills needed to produce independent scholarship

William G Martin Biographical Information

I was initially drawn towards Africa through the inspiration of African scholars students and activists-first as an undergraduate at the University of Michigan then as a graduate student at SUNY-Binghamton (PhD 1986) and while engaged in research across southern Africa Publications from this work include essays in the International Journal ofAfrican Historical Studies Journal of Southern African Studies ROAPE and with African co-authors How Fast the Wind

My first teaching post at the University of Illinois in 1986 led to new challenges particularly as demand for my African-related courses escalated rapidly and became predominantly populated (60-90) by students of color I have subsequently spent considerable time listening discussing and debating with students and colleagues new understandings of AfricanAfrica From this has flowed publications as well as numerous workshop presentations on how we move beyond Euro-North American frameworks within my discipline African studies and the classroom-including a forthcoming collection (co-edited with Michael West) addressing the intersection of African studies African scholarship and African-American studies)

As Chair of the ASAs Current Issues Council I helped launch a related series of panels on the future of African

AprilJune 1995

Studies and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the forthcoming ISSUE on this subject At Illinois I am a core member of the Center for African Studies a faculty affiliate of the African-American Studies and Research Program and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology Department Finally I am currently Co-Chair (with AI Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars working particularly on the threat of African Studies being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department of Defense (ie the Boren Bill) I have also written for a public audience from the Nation to Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly

By way of public disclosure I have received funding as a Fulbright Scholar and from the National Science Foundation the Ford Foundation and the American Sociological Association I am currently principal investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and University of the Western Cape faculty with common interests in African and African-American studies Statement of Candidacy

African studies stands at a crossroads we face the prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline Disturbing portents abound from waning federal private and university support to the media presentation of Africans as being riddled by disease war famine and anarchy Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well from new perspectives and voices to a resurgent demanding interest in Africa among people of African descent

ASA needs to not only defend African studies but actively seize the opportunities these latter developments offer Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms that have grown up between US Africanists and African scholars on the continent the African-American community and reemergent traditions of transpan-African scholarship Individual actions towards these ends need further emphasis

bull greater support for participation at ASA by African organizations young scholars and scholars with children (child care)

bull a stronger outreach program bull support to African libraries and publishers bull reaching out to Diaspora studies Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little

impact What more might ASA do We need first to discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the participation of a broader African constituency and then tackle these with coherent initiatives Concretely this would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as

bull a series of open community meetings regarding representation and future agendas

bull officially-sponsored surveys of representation and activity by race and gender as is done by most national academic associations

AprilJune 1995

bull a focusing of joint programs conferences and publications on efforts that address inequalities and organize research that cut across the boundaries of the diSciplines African studies and continental divides -including an ASA meeting on the continent

There is I believe widespread agreement on the need for such programs Without them we face the alternative much discussed among British Africanists the end of university and national support for the study of Africa even as interest in things African multiply outside the academy With such programs a new expanded leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in creating a more representative engaged and forceful constituency for the study of Africa

James H Mittleman Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the African Studies Program at Makerere University Kampala Subsequently I earned an MA and a PhD at Cornell University

After teaching African politics at Columbia University for eight years I was the founding director of the first undergraduate international studies major in the New York metropolitan area based at The City College I have also served as Professor and Dean Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver Professor and Dean of Social Sciences Queens College City University of New York and Professor and Chair Department of Comparative and Regional Studies The American University

I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane University the University of Dar es Salaam Princeton UniversityS Center of International Studies and the Makerere Institute for Social Research In addition I have organized training programs at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research have evaluated UNESCOs educational projects in Africa and was Director of the Social Science Foundation

I have received awards from the American Council for Leamed Societies Institute for the Study of World Politics International Studies Association Social Science Research Council United Nations University World Policy Institute and World Society Foundation

All of my work has been concerned with the historical question of how people became embroiled in underdevelopment and practical strategies for escaping it I am the author of six books and monographs including Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom Underdevelopment (1988) My articles have appeared in such journals as Afro-American Studies Issue African Studies Review Journal ofModern African Studies Journal of Southern African Affairs Journal of Southern African Studies Africa

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

1995 ASA ELECTIONS The following persons have been nominated to stand for election as officers and members of the ASA Board of Directors Return envelopes and aballot for the election have been inserted in copies of this newsletter sent to 1995 individual members Ballots must be mailed to the Secretariat offices no later than June 30 1995

Ifyour newsletter did not contain aballot it means that we had not received your membership renewal prior to April 1 1995 Once you have paid your 1995 membership dues you are entitled to vote If you wish to participate in the 1995 elections please include a self-addressed stamped business envelope with your membership renewal and our staffwill forward a ballot to you

Vice PresidentPresident-Elect Gwendolyn Mikell Anthropology Georgetown University Ibrahim Sundiata History Brandeis University

Directors Mary Jo Arnoldi Art History Smithsonian Institution Keletso Atkins History University of Michigan William Martin Sociology University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign James Mittelman Political Science American University Julius Nyangoro African and African-American Studies

UNC-Chapel Hill Claire Robertson History and Womens Studies Ohio State

University Carolyn Somerville Political Science Hunter CollegeibullI Christopher Udry Economics Northwestern University

j Gwendolyn Mikell Statement of CandidacyI

The African Studies Association ~ survive and thrive in a time that is more conservative than we have known in the past It must do so because African issues have to be represented to a group of lay persons and policy makers who erroneously believe that helping Africa is not in the American interest

I am a candidate for the ASA presidency because I enjoy combining the roles of active scholar and informed participant on issues related to Africa My research activities in Ghana have been continuous since the 1970s (rural development gender and the impact of social policies on peoples lives) then in South Africa in 1992 and I continue to do consultancies and other professional work throughout west and south Africa occasionally running workshops on Women and Democratization in Monrovia Freetown and parts of Nigeria I served on the Board of ASA from 1991 to 1994 (assigned to the Finance Committee and to work relative to Congress and the Boren Amendment) On behalf of ASA I have participated in conferences with Chinese and Japanese Africanists and with ACLS In addition my associational memberships include the Association for Africanist Anthropology (within the AAA) the Association for Women in

Development the Council on Foreign Relations Ghana Studies Association and TransAfrica

Currently I am a professor of anthropology and I am completing the chairship of the Sociology Department at Georgetown University in Washington DC where I have taught since 1976 Born in Chicago I attended the University of Chicago for my BA in sociology in 1969 with a minor in anthropology Confirming my interest in anthropology I attended Columbia University where I continued to explore kinship but specialized in political and economic anthropology My professors at Columbia imparted an enthusiasm about the study of Asia Europe and the Caribbean while also encouraging my specialization in African Studies My PhD thesis at Columbia (1975) examined the impact of cocoa cash-cropping on ethnic and political culture in the Sunyani District of Brong Ahafo Ghana Despite my ongoing interest in African-American culture and theories of gender relations it is the study of African politics and economics that provides the thread running through my work in anthropology

Observing the continent undergo a transition from the inspirational days of independence personalities and politics to a decade of social economic and political struggle had an impact on me At the personal gender and scholarly levels I have attempted to try to blend the insights of the humanities arts and social and natural sciences in seeking to understand African problems and prospects My publications reflect these concerns My book-length manuscripts include Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana (1989 and 1992 editions) Mikell (ed) African Women States ofCrisis (1996 forthcoming) and Mikell (ed) African Women and Development in the 1980s (1985) My recent articles include such works as Peasant Politicization and Economic Recuperation in Ghana Local and National Dilemmas JMAS 1989 Culture Law and Social Policy Changing the Economic Status of Women in Ghana Yale Journal of International Law 1992 and Using the Courts to Obtain Relief Akan Women and Family Courts in Fatima Meers (ed) Poverty in the 1990s The Responses of Urban Women 1994 Currently I am working on African women and peace-building in the 199Os-a topic I will

AprilJune 1995

explore at the 4th International Conference of Women in Beijing in September 1995

Today Americans are being challenged to think in relative terms about coexistence with Mrica and other continents My desire is to see ASA take principled positions consonant with its goals and mandates and to engage others in dialogue about the importance of Africa to scholarship and to world events As ASA President I would seek to enhance internal relationships between ASAs various constituencies as well as to broaden ASAs external presence in national and international arenas

Ibrahim K Sundiata Statement of Candidacy

Mter completing my undergraduate studies in history at Ohio Wesleyan University (BA 1966) I went on to do my graduate work at Northwestern (PhD 1972) During my first year there my interest in West Mrica was quickened by participation in a Ford Foundation summer project in Ghana I have taught at Rutgers University Northwestern University and the University of Illinois at Chicago I am presently Beinfeld Professor of Mrican and Afro-American Studies at Brandeis University and chair of the department

Fulbright-Hays and Woodrow Wilson Fellowships are among the grants I have received In 1983-84 I served as Fulbright Professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia in Salvador Brazil Three years later I received the University of Illinois Chancellors Research Grant and did fieldwork in Sierra Leone Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea My research interests continue to focus on the creation of social ethnic and gender identities in Mrica My publications include nineteen articles and three books Black Scandal America and the Liberian Labor Crisis (1980) Equatorial Guinea Colonialism State Terror and the Search for Stability (1990) The latter was the winner of the Choice Book Award of the American Association of Academic and Research Libraries The third book is From Slaving to Neoslavery The Bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the Era of Abolition (1995) In addition to scholarship I have served on review panels for the National Endowment for the Humanities

My interest and participation in the African Studies Association has spanned several decades In 1981 I was elected to the Board of Directors and served on the Executive Committee I believe that now at a time when certain quarters speak of the irrelevance of Mrica it is necessary for the organization to take an active and progressive stance

(1) The ASA should continue to involve itself in discussions of national policies toward Africa while never becoming the tool of any non-academic interest I feel strongly that the ASA must contribute to reasoned policy

discussions on a range of issues from aid to AIDS (2) The ASA should engage in greater outreach efforts

to reach all of the constituencies within and without academia which have an interest in Mrica The image of Africa continues to be largely negative in the American media and much of the work of academic Mricanists has not diffused widely I would work strenuously to remedy this situation

(3) The ASA must become more inclusive and promote interchange with African scholars and those of the Mrican Diaspora Specifically I would strive to bring more scholars from the continent into touch with the ASA and would explore ways in which we of the organization might strengthen the role of African universities in their own African studies Also I would encourage the ASA to become more involved with the burgeoning African-American interest in Africa and to engage in inclusive dialogue with all of the tendencies and schools within Africanist scholarship

Mary Jo Arnoldi Biographical Information

I am honored to be nominated to the Board of Directors of the ASA In 1975 I received an MA in African art history from Michigan State University and in 1983 a PhD in Mrican art history from Indiana UniverSity From 1983-85 I taught at the University of Missouri at Kansas City and was a curator at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Since 1985 I have been the Curator of Mrican Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology Smithsonian Institution I have conducted research on the arts and expressive culture of Mali since 1978 and have published numerous journal articles Recently I completed a book on Malian performance arts and an edited volume on African material culture which will appear in 1995 and 1996 respectively I have also curated numerous museum exhibitions on Mrican arts and culture

For many years I have been active in the ASA and in the Arts Council of the ASA In 1981 I served as the Program and Local Arrangements coordinator for the ASA annual meeting in Bloomington Between 1982 and 1992 I served on the board of the Arts Council and was president from 1990-91 In 1992 I was on the Arts Council Program Committee for the Ninth Triennial SympOSium on Mrican Art and in 1994 served on the ASA National Program Committee for the Toronto meeting I am currently serving on ASAs Distinguished Mricanist Committee Statement of Candidacy

I would work to strengthen the tradition of open dialogue that characterizes much of ASAs history Today it is critical that the ASA provides a setting where members are encouraged and feel welcome to engage in a civil

AprilJune 1995

dialogue that addresses differences in members experiences perspectives and philosophies concerning Africa and African Studies In order to promote these dialogues I believe that the ASA must actively encourage more African Diaspora scholars to join the association It must also continue its efforts to fund the participation of African scholars in all ASA activities and initiatives

I would also lend my efforts to new and ongoing initiatives whose aims are to counter the prevailing negative stereotypes of Africa in the American media I would support institutional linkages and networks for the promotion of the study and understanding of Africa and the African Diaspora in American universities schools museums and other public institutions

Keletso E Atkins Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when the late Tom Mboya visited my seventh-grade class at Daniel Hale Williams elementary schoolt southside Chicago Mr Mboyat who was then minister of education challenged us as young black scholars to learn about the peoples of Africa We were awed by our distinguished visitor and delighted when he extended an invitation to visit Kenya someday In secondary school I was one of the founding members and the first president (1962) of the Student Advocates for Negro History (SANH) SANH was the first organization of its kind in the country to advocate and actively demonstrate for the inclusion of African and African American history in the public school curriculum SANH members taught black history courses in the alternative Freedom Schools that were organized during the public school boycotts in the turbulent 60s We were invited frequently on other occasions to give talks to community groups in the inner city and in the white suburbs In 1966 the Black Student Association at Loop City College an organization in which I held an office was instrumental in persuading the social science department to include African history in its course offerings

After receiving my MA degree I served in the Peace Corps (1975-78) as a teacher and chair of the history department at Tutume community College Botswana Upon completion of my PhD I was on the faculty of the history department of the University of Minnesota (1986-87) and the University of California-Santa Barbara (1987-89) I am currently an associate professor at the University of Michigan

Education Loop City College (AA 1968) Roosevelt University (BA 1970) Northwestern University (MA 1974) University of Wisconsin-Madison (PhD 1986) Awards Fulbright-Hays International Doctoral Research Fellowship (1981-82) Social Science Research Council International Doctoral Fellowship (1982-83) American

Association of University Women Fellowship (1984) Herskovits Award (1994) Choice Outstanding Book (1995) National Humanities Center Fellowship (1995-96) Recent publication The Moon Is Dead Give Us Our Money The Cultural Origins ofan African Work Ethic Natal South Africa 1843-1900 Statement of Candidacy

I believe that in producing the next generation of scholars the ASA needs to address itself more forcefully to the issue of diversity As a member of the Board of Directors I would be particularly supportive of the following ASA initiatives

1 Encouraging the training of greater numbers of Africans and African American scholars

2 Establishing andor strengthening ties with historically black colleges and universities

3 Developing a scholarship fund that would enable younger African scholars to study in institutions of higher education in the United States

4 Promoting the ideals of a new South Africa by supporting the above initiatives Members of the majority population would benefit greatly from such opportunities of exposure to challenging academic environments This would also enable them to acquire the skills needed to produce independent scholarship

William G Martin Biographical Information

I was initially drawn towards Africa through the inspiration of African scholars students and activists-first as an undergraduate at the University of Michigan then as a graduate student at SUNY-Binghamton (PhD 1986) and while engaged in research across southern Africa Publications from this work include essays in the International Journal ofAfrican Historical Studies Journal of Southern African Studies ROAPE and with African co-authors How Fast the Wind

My first teaching post at the University of Illinois in 1986 led to new challenges particularly as demand for my African-related courses escalated rapidly and became predominantly populated (60-90) by students of color I have subsequently spent considerable time listening discussing and debating with students and colleagues new understandings of AfricanAfrica From this has flowed publications as well as numerous workshop presentations on how we move beyond Euro-North American frameworks within my discipline African studies and the classroom-including a forthcoming collection (co-edited with Michael West) addressing the intersection of African studies African scholarship and African-American studies)

As Chair of the ASAs Current Issues Council I helped launch a related series of panels on the future of African

AprilJune 1995

Studies and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the forthcoming ISSUE on this subject At Illinois I am a core member of the Center for African Studies a faculty affiliate of the African-American Studies and Research Program and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology Department Finally I am currently Co-Chair (with AI Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars working particularly on the threat of African Studies being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department of Defense (ie the Boren Bill) I have also written for a public audience from the Nation to Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly

By way of public disclosure I have received funding as a Fulbright Scholar and from the National Science Foundation the Ford Foundation and the American Sociological Association I am currently principal investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and University of the Western Cape faculty with common interests in African and African-American studies Statement of Candidacy

African studies stands at a crossroads we face the prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline Disturbing portents abound from waning federal private and university support to the media presentation of Africans as being riddled by disease war famine and anarchy Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well from new perspectives and voices to a resurgent demanding interest in Africa among people of African descent

ASA needs to not only defend African studies but actively seize the opportunities these latter developments offer Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms that have grown up between US Africanists and African scholars on the continent the African-American community and reemergent traditions of transpan-African scholarship Individual actions towards these ends need further emphasis

bull greater support for participation at ASA by African organizations young scholars and scholars with children (child care)

bull a stronger outreach program bull support to African libraries and publishers bull reaching out to Diaspora studies Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little

impact What more might ASA do We need first to discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the participation of a broader African constituency and then tackle these with coherent initiatives Concretely this would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as

bull a series of open community meetings regarding representation and future agendas

bull officially-sponsored surveys of representation and activity by race and gender as is done by most national academic associations

AprilJune 1995

bull a focusing of joint programs conferences and publications on efforts that address inequalities and organize research that cut across the boundaries of the diSciplines African studies and continental divides -including an ASA meeting on the continent

There is I believe widespread agreement on the need for such programs Without them we face the alternative much discussed among British Africanists the end of university and national support for the study of Africa even as interest in things African multiply outside the academy With such programs a new expanded leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in creating a more representative engaged and forceful constituency for the study of Africa

James H Mittleman Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the African Studies Program at Makerere University Kampala Subsequently I earned an MA and a PhD at Cornell University

After teaching African politics at Columbia University for eight years I was the founding director of the first undergraduate international studies major in the New York metropolitan area based at The City College I have also served as Professor and Dean Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver Professor and Dean of Social Sciences Queens College City University of New York and Professor and Chair Department of Comparative and Regional Studies The American University

I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane University the University of Dar es Salaam Princeton UniversityS Center of International Studies and the Makerere Institute for Social Research In addition I have organized training programs at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research have evaluated UNESCOs educational projects in Africa and was Director of the Social Science Foundation

I have received awards from the American Council for Leamed Societies Institute for the Study of World Politics International Studies Association Social Science Research Council United Nations University World Policy Institute and World Society Foundation

All of my work has been concerned with the historical question of how people became embroiled in underdevelopment and practical strategies for escaping it I am the author of six books and monographs including Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom Underdevelopment (1988) My articles have appeared in such journals as Afro-American Studies Issue African Studies Review Journal ofModern African Studies Journal of Southern African Affairs Journal of Southern African Studies Africa

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

explore at the 4th International Conference of Women in Beijing in September 1995

Today Americans are being challenged to think in relative terms about coexistence with Mrica and other continents My desire is to see ASA take principled positions consonant with its goals and mandates and to engage others in dialogue about the importance of Africa to scholarship and to world events As ASA President I would seek to enhance internal relationships between ASAs various constituencies as well as to broaden ASAs external presence in national and international arenas

Ibrahim K Sundiata Statement of Candidacy

Mter completing my undergraduate studies in history at Ohio Wesleyan University (BA 1966) I went on to do my graduate work at Northwestern (PhD 1972) During my first year there my interest in West Mrica was quickened by participation in a Ford Foundation summer project in Ghana I have taught at Rutgers University Northwestern University and the University of Illinois at Chicago I am presently Beinfeld Professor of Mrican and Afro-American Studies at Brandeis University and chair of the department

Fulbright-Hays and Woodrow Wilson Fellowships are among the grants I have received In 1983-84 I served as Fulbright Professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia in Salvador Brazil Three years later I received the University of Illinois Chancellors Research Grant and did fieldwork in Sierra Leone Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea My research interests continue to focus on the creation of social ethnic and gender identities in Mrica My publications include nineteen articles and three books Black Scandal America and the Liberian Labor Crisis (1980) Equatorial Guinea Colonialism State Terror and the Search for Stability (1990) The latter was the winner of the Choice Book Award of the American Association of Academic and Research Libraries The third book is From Slaving to Neoslavery The Bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the Era of Abolition (1995) In addition to scholarship I have served on review panels for the National Endowment for the Humanities

My interest and participation in the African Studies Association has spanned several decades In 1981 I was elected to the Board of Directors and served on the Executive Committee I believe that now at a time when certain quarters speak of the irrelevance of Mrica it is necessary for the organization to take an active and progressive stance

(1) The ASA should continue to involve itself in discussions of national policies toward Africa while never becoming the tool of any non-academic interest I feel strongly that the ASA must contribute to reasoned policy

discussions on a range of issues from aid to AIDS (2) The ASA should engage in greater outreach efforts

to reach all of the constituencies within and without academia which have an interest in Mrica The image of Africa continues to be largely negative in the American media and much of the work of academic Mricanists has not diffused widely I would work strenuously to remedy this situation

(3) The ASA must become more inclusive and promote interchange with African scholars and those of the Mrican Diaspora Specifically I would strive to bring more scholars from the continent into touch with the ASA and would explore ways in which we of the organization might strengthen the role of African universities in their own African studies Also I would encourage the ASA to become more involved with the burgeoning African-American interest in Africa and to engage in inclusive dialogue with all of the tendencies and schools within Africanist scholarship

Mary Jo Arnoldi Biographical Information

I am honored to be nominated to the Board of Directors of the ASA In 1975 I received an MA in African art history from Michigan State University and in 1983 a PhD in Mrican art history from Indiana UniverSity From 1983-85 I taught at the University of Missouri at Kansas City and was a curator at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Since 1985 I have been the Curator of Mrican Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology Smithsonian Institution I have conducted research on the arts and expressive culture of Mali since 1978 and have published numerous journal articles Recently I completed a book on Malian performance arts and an edited volume on African material culture which will appear in 1995 and 1996 respectively I have also curated numerous museum exhibitions on Mrican arts and culture

For many years I have been active in the ASA and in the Arts Council of the ASA In 1981 I served as the Program and Local Arrangements coordinator for the ASA annual meeting in Bloomington Between 1982 and 1992 I served on the board of the Arts Council and was president from 1990-91 In 1992 I was on the Arts Council Program Committee for the Ninth Triennial SympOSium on Mrican Art and in 1994 served on the ASA National Program Committee for the Toronto meeting I am currently serving on ASAs Distinguished Mricanist Committee Statement of Candidacy

I would work to strengthen the tradition of open dialogue that characterizes much of ASAs history Today it is critical that the ASA provides a setting where members are encouraged and feel welcome to engage in a civil

AprilJune 1995

dialogue that addresses differences in members experiences perspectives and philosophies concerning Africa and African Studies In order to promote these dialogues I believe that the ASA must actively encourage more African Diaspora scholars to join the association It must also continue its efforts to fund the participation of African scholars in all ASA activities and initiatives

I would also lend my efforts to new and ongoing initiatives whose aims are to counter the prevailing negative stereotypes of Africa in the American media I would support institutional linkages and networks for the promotion of the study and understanding of Africa and the African Diaspora in American universities schools museums and other public institutions

Keletso E Atkins Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when the late Tom Mboya visited my seventh-grade class at Daniel Hale Williams elementary schoolt southside Chicago Mr Mboyat who was then minister of education challenged us as young black scholars to learn about the peoples of Africa We were awed by our distinguished visitor and delighted when he extended an invitation to visit Kenya someday In secondary school I was one of the founding members and the first president (1962) of the Student Advocates for Negro History (SANH) SANH was the first organization of its kind in the country to advocate and actively demonstrate for the inclusion of African and African American history in the public school curriculum SANH members taught black history courses in the alternative Freedom Schools that were organized during the public school boycotts in the turbulent 60s We were invited frequently on other occasions to give talks to community groups in the inner city and in the white suburbs In 1966 the Black Student Association at Loop City College an organization in which I held an office was instrumental in persuading the social science department to include African history in its course offerings

After receiving my MA degree I served in the Peace Corps (1975-78) as a teacher and chair of the history department at Tutume community College Botswana Upon completion of my PhD I was on the faculty of the history department of the University of Minnesota (1986-87) and the University of California-Santa Barbara (1987-89) I am currently an associate professor at the University of Michigan

Education Loop City College (AA 1968) Roosevelt University (BA 1970) Northwestern University (MA 1974) University of Wisconsin-Madison (PhD 1986) Awards Fulbright-Hays International Doctoral Research Fellowship (1981-82) Social Science Research Council International Doctoral Fellowship (1982-83) American

Association of University Women Fellowship (1984) Herskovits Award (1994) Choice Outstanding Book (1995) National Humanities Center Fellowship (1995-96) Recent publication The Moon Is Dead Give Us Our Money The Cultural Origins ofan African Work Ethic Natal South Africa 1843-1900 Statement of Candidacy

I believe that in producing the next generation of scholars the ASA needs to address itself more forcefully to the issue of diversity As a member of the Board of Directors I would be particularly supportive of the following ASA initiatives

1 Encouraging the training of greater numbers of Africans and African American scholars

2 Establishing andor strengthening ties with historically black colleges and universities

3 Developing a scholarship fund that would enable younger African scholars to study in institutions of higher education in the United States

4 Promoting the ideals of a new South Africa by supporting the above initiatives Members of the majority population would benefit greatly from such opportunities of exposure to challenging academic environments This would also enable them to acquire the skills needed to produce independent scholarship

William G Martin Biographical Information

I was initially drawn towards Africa through the inspiration of African scholars students and activists-first as an undergraduate at the University of Michigan then as a graduate student at SUNY-Binghamton (PhD 1986) and while engaged in research across southern Africa Publications from this work include essays in the International Journal ofAfrican Historical Studies Journal of Southern African Studies ROAPE and with African co-authors How Fast the Wind

My first teaching post at the University of Illinois in 1986 led to new challenges particularly as demand for my African-related courses escalated rapidly and became predominantly populated (60-90) by students of color I have subsequently spent considerable time listening discussing and debating with students and colleagues new understandings of AfricanAfrica From this has flowed publications as well as numerous workshop presentations on how we move beyond Euro-North American frameworks within my discipline African studies and the classroom-including a forthcoming collection (co-edited with Michael West) addressing the intersection of African studies African scholarship and African-American studies)

As Chair of the ASAs Current Issues Council I helped launch a related series of panels on the future of African

AprilJune 1995

Studies and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the forthcoming ISSUE on this subject At Illinois I am a core member of the Center for African Studies a faculty affiliate of the African-American Studies and Research Program and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology Department Finally I am currently Co-Chair (with AI Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars working particularly on the threat of African Studies being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department of Defense (ie the Boren Bill) I have also written for a public audience from the Nation to Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly

By way of public disclosure I have received funding as a Fulbright Scholar and from the National Science Foundation the Ford Foundation and the American Sociological Association I am currently principal investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and University of the Western Cape faculty with common interests in African and African-American studies Statement of Candidacy

African studies stands at a crossroads we face the prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline Disturbing portents abound from waning federal private and university support to the media presentation of Africans as being riddled by disease war famine and anarchy Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well from new perspectives and voices to a resurgent demanding interest in Africa among people of African descent

ASA needs to not only defend African studies but actively seize the opportunities these latter developments offer Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms that have grown up between US Africanists and African scholars on the continent the African-American community and reemergent traditions of transpan-African scholarship Individual actions towards these ends need further emphasis

bull greater support for participation at ASA by African organizations young scholars and scholars with children (child care)

bull a stronger outreach program bull support to African libraries and publishers bull reaching out to Diaspora studies Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little

impact What more might ASA do We need first to discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the participation of a broader African constituency and then tackle these with coherent initiatives Concretely this would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as

bull a series of open community meetings regarding representation and future agendas

bull officially-sponsored surveys of representation and activity by race and gender as is done by most national academic associations

AprilJune 1995

bull a focusing of joint programs conferences and publications on efforts that address inequalities and organize research that cut across the boundaries of the diSciplines African studies and continental divides -including an ASA meeting on the continent

There is I believe widespread agreement on the need for such programs Without them we face the alternative much discussed among British Africanists the end of university and national support for the study of Africa even as interest in things African multiply outside the academy With such programs a new expanded leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in creating a more representative engaged and forceful constituency for the study of Africa

James H Mittleman Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the African Studies Program at Makerere University Kampala Subsequently I earned an MA and a PhD at Cornell University

After teaching African politics at Columbia University for eight years I was the founding director of the first undergraduate international studies major in the New York metropolitan area based at The City College I have also served as Professor and Dean Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver Professor and Dean of Social Sciences Queens College City University of New York and Professor and Chair Department of Comparative and Regional Studies The American University

I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane University the University of Dar es Salaam Princeton UniversityS Center of International Studies and the Makerere Institute for Social Research In addition I have organized training programs at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research have evaluated UNESCOs educational projects in Africa and was Director of the Social Science Foundation

I have received awards from the American Council for Leamed Societies Institute for the Study of World Politics International Studies Association Social Science Research Council United Nations University World Policy Institute and World Society Foundation

All of my work has been concerned with the historical question of how people became embroiled in underdevelopment and practical strategies for escaping it I am the author of six books and monographs including Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom Underdevelopment (1988) My articles have appeared in such journals as Afro-American Studies Issue African Studies Review Journal ofModern African Studies Journal of Southern African Affairs Journal of Southern African Studies Africa

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

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ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

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i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

dialogue that addresses differences in members experiences perspectives and philosophies concerning Africa and African Studies In order to promote these dialogues I believe that the ASA must actively encourage more African Diaspora scholars to join the association It must also continue its efforts to fund the participation of African scholars in all ASA activities and initiatives

I would also lend my efforts to new and ongoing initiatives whose aims are to counter the prevailing negative stereotypes of Africa in the American media I would support institutional linkages and networks for the promotion of the study and understanding of Africa and the African Diaspora in American universities schools museums and other public institutions

Keletso E Atkins Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when the late Tom Mboya visited my seventh-grade class at Daniel Hale Williams elementary schoolt southside Chicago Mr Mboyat who was then minister of education challenged us as young black scholars to learn about the peoples of Africa We were awed by our distinguished visitor and delighted when he extended an invitation to visit Kenya someday In secondary school I was one of the founding members and the first president (1962) of the Student Advocates for Negro History (SANH) SANH was the first organization of its kind in the country to advocate and actively demonstrate for the inclusion of African and African American history in the public school curriculum SANH members taught black history courses in the alternative Freedom Schools that were organized during the public school boycotts in the turbulent 60s We were invited frequently on other occasions to give talks to community groups in the inner city and in the white suburbs In 1966 the Black Student Association at Loop City College an organization in which I held an office was instrumental in persuading the social science department to include African history in its course offerings

After receiving my MA degree I served in the Peace Corps (1975-78) as a teacher and chair of the history department at Tutume community College Botswana Upon completion of my PhD I was on the faculty of the history department of the University of Minnesota (1986-87) and the University of California-Santa Barbara (1987-89) I am currently an associate professor at the University of Michigan

Education Loop City College (AA 1968) Roosevelt University (BA 1970) Northwestern University (MA 1974) University of Wisconsin-Madison (PhD 1986) Awards Fulbright-Hays International Doctoral Research Fellowship (1981-82) Social Science Research Council International Doctoral Fellowship (1982-83) American

Association of University Women Fellowship (1984) Herskovits Award (1994) Choice Outstanding Book (1995) National Humanities Center Fellowship (1995-96) Recent publication The Moon Is Dead Give Us Our Money The Cultural Origins ofan African Work Ethic Natal South Africa 1843-1900 Statement of Candidacy

I believe that in producing the next generation of scholars the ASA needs to address itself more forcefully to the issue of diversity As a member of the Board of Directors I would be particularly supportive of the following ASA initiatives

1 Encouraging the training of greater numbers of Africans and African American scholars

2 Establishing andor strengthening ties with historically black colleges and universities

3 Developing a scholarship fund that would enable younger African scholars to study in institutions of higher education in the United States

4 Promoting the ideals of a new South Africa by supporting the above initiatives Members of the majority population would benefit greatly from such opportunities of exposure to challenging academic environments This would also enable them to acquire the skills needed to produce independent scholarship

William G Martin Biographical Information

I was initially drawn towards Africa through the inspiration of African scholars students and activists-first as an undergraduate at the University of Michigan then as a graduate student at SUNY-Binghamton (PhD 1986) and while engaged in research across southern Africa Publications from this work include essays in the International Journal ofAfrican Historical Studies Journal of Southern African Studies ROAPE and with African co-authors How Fast the Wind

My first teaching post at the University of Illinois in 1986 led to new challenges particularly as demand for my African-related courses escalated rapidly and became predominantly populated (60-90) by students of color I have subsequently spent considerable time listening discussing and debating with students and colleagues new understandings of AfricanAfrica From this has flowed publications as well as numerous workshop presentations on how we move beyond Euro-North American frameworks within my discipline African studies and the classroom-including a forthcoming collection (co-edited with Michael West) addressing the intersection of African studies African scholarship and African-American studies)

As Chair of the ASAs Current Issues Council I helped launch a related series of panels on the future of African

AprilJune 1995

Studies and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the forthcoming ISSUE on this subject At Illinois I am a core member of the Center for African Studies a faculty affiliate of the African-American Studies and Research Program and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology Department Finally I am currently Co-Chair (with AI Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars working particularly on the threat of African Studies being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department of Defense (ie the Boren Bill) I have also written for a public audience from the Nation to Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly

By way of public disclosure I have received funding as a Fulbright Scholar and from the National Science Foundation the Ford Foundation and the American Sociological Association I am currently principal investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and University of the Western Cape faculty with common interests in African and African-American studies Statement of Candidacy

African studies stands at a crossroads we face the prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline Disturbing portents abound from waning federal private and university support to the media presentation of Africans as being riddled by disease war famine and anarchy Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well from new perspectives and voices to a resurgent demanding interest in Africa among people of African descent

ASA needs to not only defend African studies but actively seize the opportunities these latter developments offer Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms that have grown up between US Africanists and African scholars on the continent the African-American community and reemergent traditions of transpan-African scholarship Individual actions towards these ends need further emphasis

bull greater support for participation at ASA by African organizations young scholars and scholars with children (child care)

bull a stronger outreach program bull support to African libraries and publishers bull reaching out to Diaspora studies Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little

impact What more might ASA do We need first to discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the participation of a broader African constituency and then tackle these with coherent initiatives Concretely this would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as

bull a series of open community meetings regarding representation and future agendas

bull officially-sponsored surveys of representation and activity by race and gender as is done by most national academic associations

AprilJune 1995

bull a focusing of joint programs conferences and publications on efforts that address inequalities and organize research that cut across the boundaries of the diSciplines African studies and continental divides -including an ASA meeting on the continent

There is I believe widespread agreement on the need for such programs Without them we face the alternative much discussed among British Africanists the end of university and national support for the study of Africa even as interest in things African multiply outside the academy With such programs a new expanded leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in creating a more representative engaged and forceful constituency for the study of Africa

James H Mittleman Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the African Studies Program at Makerere University Kampala Subsequently I earned an MA and a PhD at Cornell University

After teaching African politics at Columbia University for eight years I was the founding director of the first undergraduate international studies major in the New York metropolitan area based at The City College I have also served as Professor and Dean Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver Professor and Dean of Social Sciences Queens College City University of New York and Professor and Chair Department of Comparative and Regional Studies The American University

I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane University the University of Dar es Salaam Princeton UniversityS Center of International Studies and the Makerere Institute for Social Research In addition I have organized training programs at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research have evaluated UNESCOs educational projects in Africa and was Director of the Social Science Foundation

I have received awards from the American Council for Leamed Societies Institute for the Study of World Politics International Studies Association Social Science Research Council United Nations University World Policy Institute and World Society Foundation

All of my work has been concerned with the historical question of how people became embroiled in underdevelopment and practical strategies for escaping it I am the author of six books and monographs including Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom Underdevelopment (1988) My articles have appeared in such journals as Afro-American Studies Issue African Studies Review Journal ofModern African Studies Journal of Southern African Affairs Journal of Southern African Studies Africa

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

Studies and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the forthcoming ISSUE on this subject At Illinois I am a core member of the Center for African Studies a faculty affiliate of the African-American Studies and Research Program and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology Department Finally I am currently Co-Chair (with AI Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars working particularly on the threat of African Studies being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department of Defense (ie the Boren Bill) I have also written for a public audience from the Nation to Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly

By way of public disclosure I have received funding as a Fulbright Scholar and from the National Science Foundation the Ford Foundation and the American Sociological Association I am currently principal investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and University of the Western Cape faculty with common interests in African and African-American studies Statement of Candidacy

African studies stands at a crossroads we face the prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline Disturbing portents abound from waning federal private and university support to the media presentation of Africans as being riddled by disease war famine and anarchy Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well from new perspectives and voices to a resurgent demanding interest in Africa among people of African descent

ASA needs to not only defend African studies but actively seize the opportunities these latter developments offer Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms that have grown up between US Africanists and African scholars on the continent the African-American community and reemergent traditions of transpan-African scholarship Individual actions towards these ends need further emphasis

bull greater support for participation at ASA by African organizations young scholars and scholars with children (child care)

bull a stronger outreach program bull support to African libraries and publishers bull reaching out to Diaspora studies Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little

impact What more might ASA do We need first to discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the participation of a broader African constituency and then tackle these with coherent initiatives Concretely this would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as

bull a series of open community meetings regarding representation and future agendas

bull officially-sponsored surveys of representation and activity by race and gender as is done by most national academic associations

AprilJune 1995

bull a focusing of joint programs conferences and publications on efforts that address inequalities and organize research that cut across the boundaries of the diSciplines African studies and continental divides -including an ASA meeting on the continent

There is I believe widespread agreement on the need for such programs Without them we face the alternative much discussed among British Africanists the end of university and national support for the study of Africa even as interest in things African multiply outside the academy With such programs a new expanded leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in creating a more representative engaged and forceful constituency for the study of Africa

James H Mittleman Biographical Information

My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the African Studies Program at Makerere University Kampala Subsequently I earned an MA and a PhD at Cornell University

After teaching African politics at Columbia University for eight years I was the founding director of the first undergraduate international studies major in the New York metropolitan area based at The City College I have also served as Professor and Dean Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver Professor and Dean of Social Sciences Queens College City University of New York and Professor and Chair Department of Comparative and Regional Studies The American University

I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane University the University of Dar es Salaam Princeton UniversityS Center of International Studies and the Makerere Institute for Social Research In addition I have organized training programs at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research have evaluated UNESCOs educational projects in Africa and was Director of the Social Science Foundation

I have received awards from the American Council for Leamed Societies Institute for the Study of World Politics International Studies Association Social Science Research Council United Nations University World Policy Institute and World Society Foundation

All of my work has been concerned with the historical question of how people became embroiled in underdevelopment and practical strategies for escaping it I am the author of six books and monographs including Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom Underdevelopment (1988) My articles have appeared in such journals as Afro-American Studies Issue African Studies Review Journal ofModern African Studies Journal of Southern African Affairs Journal of Southern African Studies Africa

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

Today Cahiers dEtudes Africaines Revue Tiers Monde and Third World Quarterly To better inform the public about Africa I have published in the New York Times The Nation Detroit News San Francisco Chronicle Denver Post Sunday Nation (Nairobi) and elsewhere Drawing on research in Africa my current project is Globalization Chnllenges and Opportunities (forthcoming) of which I am a co-author and editor Statement of Candidacy

If elected as your representative I would 1 Draw on my experience in university administration

and as Director of a foundation to streamline the boards operations and insure transparency

2 Endeavor to increase the associations financial base so that the necessary resources are available to enhance members activities

3 Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the ASA

4 Given the different communities that comprise the ASA emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view within the association

5 Broaden participation in governance and intellectual activities by scholars based at colleges and universities without an African studies program or financial support for research on the continent

6 Be more inclusive of Africans African-Americans women and students on and off campus

7 Promote the study of gender in Africa 8 Enlarge the ASAs international networks and foster

new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry 9 Strengthen links with other area studies associations

to encourage collaborative work 10 Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the

ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry in Africa through book projects cooperation with organizations such as CODESRIA and recommendations for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions in recipient countries

Julius E Nyangoro Biographical Information

Associate Professor of African Studies and Chairman African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Education BA Political Science Dar es Salaam University (1977) MAPhD Miami University (19791983) JD Duke University (1990) My research interest is on the contemporary political economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional emphasis on eastern and southern Africa Another area of interest is on the relationship between law and development I have authored edited andor co-edited five books The most recent book is an edited volume entitled Discourses on Democracy Africa in Comparative

Perspective published by Dar es Salaam University Press My current research is on democratic change and civil society in Africa I previously taught at the Institute of Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent years Statement of Candidacy

This is a challenging time for those who are concerned about andor study Africa especially in the US I see three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly community as a whole Economic and political conditions are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists seem to be making more noise and influencing public opinion The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United States To succeed in this endeavor the ASA needs to exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing support from the ASA membership and beyond The second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that the different voices which make up the ASA are given equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all taken seriously The greater diversity of its membership in recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point seriously Thirdly the ASA while cognizant of the pressures exertd by recent post-Cold War developments needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to challenges from such pressures accordingly It needs energetic and enthusiastic leadership

As an organization concerned primarily with Africa the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with Africa-based scholars and institutions Given the recent history of resource deprivation for African Universities the ASA should encourage more exchanges with Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of their research in outlets available outside of Africa ASA publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars

Finally the ASA should make a commitment to have at least one annual meeting in Africa every decade with the first such meeting taking place before the year 2000

Claire Robertson Biographical Information

My interest in African studies began with family involvement in establishing law schools at the University of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa Graduate work in African history at the University of Wisconsin followed as did interest in African women whose voices seemed absent from most sources In pursuing that interest fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two books Shnring the Same Bowl A Socioeconomic History of

AprilJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

Women and Class in Accra Ghana and Healing Together Gave Us Strength Women Men and Trade in the Nairobi Area 1890-1990 as well as two edited books and several dozen articles Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University where I am an associate professor Awards received include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985 Ford SSRCACLS American Philosophical Society and Fulbright Fellowships among others The first ASA meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969 Intrigued by such a beginning I have been active in attempts to widen its membership to include more Africans and African-Americans One vehicle for inclusivity has been the Womens Caucus whose vitality and growth are a matter of pride I have been co-convenor for the Caucus and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with the ASA meetin~ which brought together women involved in African womens studies based in Africa and the US Like C L R James I do not believe that equality is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential without full consideration of issues related to class race and gender Statement of Candidacy

The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs and the failure of long-established programs to have a significant impact on public policy and knowledge We need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge about Africa and influence policy-makers as well as link Africa and the US in public consciousness One of the first priorities should be a well-planned educational effort aimed at Congress Also expansion of multicultural programming and education that links together knowledge of African Caribbean and African-American perspectives would increase awareness of the importance of Africa at both the secondary and university levels Another priority is to further cooperation with African scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD and the African Academy of Sciences We need also to increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African scholars based in Africa Electronic networkin~ scholarly materials to remedy the book famine and library security resources for African universities would help Exchange of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should not be confined to the university levet but might be expanded to include secondary teachers through foundation funding Lastly funding opportunities for African graduate students in the US and developingfunding graduate programs within African universities need attention

In sum as a member of the ASA Board I would work to increase participation by Africans and

African-Americans in ASA increase knowledge and awareness of Africa among legislators and educators through a national campaign and African Diaspora linkages developfund African graduate students and graduate programs in the US and Africa

Carolyn M Somerville Biographical Information

After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan I began teaching at Hunter College of the City University of New York I am an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Womens Studies Program Besides teaching I have been the Acting Director of the Womens Studies Program and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs Internship Program At Hunter I have endeavored to help students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa To this end I have worked to bring African scholars and materials to the campus including receiving a pluralism and diversity award which allowed me to establish a library of films and videos made by African cinematographers I have received research awards including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988 which enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural adjustment and political democracy

I have published in PS Political Sdence and Politics and Sex Roles A Journal of Research I have published articles on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in Senegal and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa My present research agenda includes democracy and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of democracy on Mozambican women Statement of Candidacy

The current political and economic environment presents major challenges for African Studies here and abroad The challenges in the coming years include maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US public and US policy makers to Africa

1 I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in directing US policy towards the continent I would work to counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase Africa from the US foreign policy agenda

2 I would work to improve the publics image of Africa and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity for remaining involved with and concerned about African affairs

3 I would reinforce ASAs relationships with African institutions such as CODESRIA and AA WORD and institutions concerned with research trainin~ education and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to Africans I would work to encourage collaborative research projects between African scholars living in Africa

AprilJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

and Africanists in this country 4 I would work to increase ASAs contacts and

collaborative projects with other area studies organizations (such as MESA LASA etc) to increase comparative research across the fields of regional studies

5 I would work to expand the contacts between the ASA and various African-American communities to work on areas of mutual concern

6 Finally working through educational and youth institutions I would work to foster in young Americans a greater interest in and concern about Africa

Christopher Udry Biographical Information

While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana (1981-83) I decided to center my graduate work on the study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of economics but informed by work in other diSciplines After field research in northern Nigeria (1986 1988-89) I completed my PhD at Yale in 1991 I chose to accept a job offer at Northwestern in large part because of the interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of African Studies During the five years I have been an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern I have served twice as the directorco-director of the interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the locus of much of the social science activity in PAS I am a member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research Consortium and am working with the AERC and PAS to begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on poverty in Africa

My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in which Africans live is essential for sensible economic analysis in Africa and (2) drawing on the diversity of economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic methodology Some examples from my research

In a series of papers based on field research I argue that people in villages near Zaria Nigeria have developed sophisticated yet imperfect institutions in which much of the risk they face is shared through interlocking and flexible credit transactions In another series of papers I explore some of the conflicts over resources within households in Burkina Faso By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment and innovative activity in agriculture In each instance the project requires both the development of new formal

quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the social context Statement of Candidacy

As a member of the board of governors I would focus my energy on two challenges

(1) To promote professional interaction between scholars and artists in North America and Africa Americans need these connections to remain abreast of rapidly changing circumstances in Africa and many African scholars need support to maintain their connection to the global academic community Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies the ASA should act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges short-term advanced training for African scholars the supply of books journals and internet connectivity in African universities The institutional visitors program must continue to develop and the ASA should facilitate direct connections between North American and African universities Finally the ASA should work closely with Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA and AERC to build connections between scholars in Africa

(2) To continue the daunting task of raising the visibility of African studies within economics and to encourage the participation of economists in the ASA Western economists have real power in international financial institutions that fundamentally influence conditions in Africa Accordingly it is imperative that economists begin to listen more carefully to and to participate more readily in the conversations which occur among Africanist scholars This may be an opportune moment as the international financial institutions show signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with lower than state-level actors in Africa Moreover the discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the diversity of experience in Africa In the long run this requires changes in graduate training in economics However the situation can be improved by encouraging the participation of economists in panels at the ASA meetings and by encouraging the participation of Africanist economists (through for example the African Finance and Economic Association) in the American Economic Association

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO

ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a JapanshyUSA area studies conference in Tokyo The conference was conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters beshytween US-based area studies associations and counterpart organizations in other countries It followed meetings in Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations (1994) All were sponsored by NCASA the National Counshycil of Area Studies Associations of which ASA is a foundshying member and which includes the four other US-based associations for area studies outside the US the Middle East Studies Association the Latin American Studies Asshysociation the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies Beshycause of the importance of American studies in Japan the Tokyo conference also included representatives of the USshybased American Studies Association (yet another ASA)

Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partshynership the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting inshyvolving about 30 formal participants and a varying numshyber of observers Japanese and American presenters gave brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral cooperation among associations of area studies Participashytion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of necessity general and was to some extent inhibited by the necessities of translation there being only one Japanese speaker among the American delegates and many Japashynese participants with only a modicum of spoken English The timing of the conference was fortuitous for the Japashynese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Studshyies which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka and which is just beginning to develop plans for creating networks and promoting comparative studies

Following the general sessions of the conference each set of area studies associations met independently to disshycuss bilateral relations From the perspective of African studies the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of encounters between American and Japanese Africanists within the past few years Two important meetings one held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in 1993 began conversations between the two sides Contacts were further enhanced by a good representation of Japashynese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in Seattle

Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univershysity a meeting that was organized by Japan Association for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa For the future the ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual meeting in San Francisco and that Japanese scholars be encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally Less concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American scholars could link up with each other and African colshyleagues through electronic communications that Japanese scholars might get more actively involved in book donashytions projects for Africa and that research projects might be devised that would involve scholars from Japan North America and Africa

Japanese and American approaches to African studies vary a good deal and in their variations the two traditions of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration The direction of much Japanese research has been from the natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences with economic and political questions central to the latter Research on ecology medical questions agriculture and primates are typical of many projects Japanese approaches differ too in that nearly all field research is carried out by teams of scholars rather than individuals One remarkable difference emerged in the overall conference sessions when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Japshyanese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the counshytry studied of the work of area studies scholars Japanese scholars responded that since they could provide only an outsiders view their studies might be of little benefit to their countries of interest

Thanks to funding from the JAAfS Hyden and Bay were also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in Japan the University of Kyoto In a visit organized by Proshyfessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya Hyden gave a seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional dinner by their Japanese hosts There with the nonshyJapanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments that we all treasure As quantities of beer and sake washed down raw fish and pickled vegetables the conversation began to move comfortably back and forth between Engshylish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience

AprilJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 members ofCongress including members of the Senates Subcommittee on African Affairs the House Subcommittee on Africa and the Senate Appropriations Committee

February 10 1995

The Honorable Nancy L Kassebaum Chairperson Subcommittee on African Affairs United States Senate

Dear Senator Kassebaum

I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies Association the largest US-based professional association of persons interested in Africa with a membership of over 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in the United States but also in Canada Africa and Europe Our concern is the proposed legislation announced last month by Senator McConnell which includes a radical revision in the foreign aid system

While we all know that foreign aid has often been a mixed blessing to recipients there are plenty of instances where such assistance has greatly contributed to national development Technical assistance to the government of Botswana is one example support of non-governmental organizations working with community development and related issues is another At a time when foreign aid is subject to criticism from many comers it is important to remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa

The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to make it What is needed at this point is not a blanket rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad this implies a more careful approach than the notion that US aid in the future should be given contingent only upon a countrys commitment to free market principles and its direct relevance to US security interests There are four reasons why we believe that the proposed legislation is good neither for the US nor for Africa

The first is that restricting US national interest to Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded perspective that disregards the historical connection of tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent as well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with business professional church and personal ties to Africa

The second is that such a restricting of US foreign assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East limits our flexibility on the global scene particularly in other areas including Africa which no doubt will keep being contested

The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs runs against the grain of experience that has been gained from foreign aid In fact some of the best results have been achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so It is for this reason that we deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund which has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale community-based development work

The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back and haunt legislators in the future While such aid in many cases is inevitable it should not be justified as the only useful intervention in Africa Foreign aid if supplied in a manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of crises It can also help lay the foundation for future growth in a region that if not tomorrow then surely in the near future will be an increasingly important partner of the United States both in trade and diplomacy

We hope that these considerations will prevail as members of the Senates Appropriations Committee meet to consider Senator McConnells initiative

Yours sincerely

GoranHyden President African Studies Association

Buy This Book In January the ASA received a donation of $264

representing publishers royalties for Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder Lynn Rienner 1992) edited by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden The co-editors and authors agreed that all royalties would be donated to the ASAs Challenge Grant Campaign Along with other gifts received by the Association the royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities

We appreciate the contributors generosity Wont you consider doing the same with your next royalty check

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto Canada from November 3 through 6 1994 Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members Complete sets of the papers in photocopy microfilm or microfiche form are availablefor $375 When ordering individual papers please include the order numberfollowing each entry (eg 199421)

Aas Norbert Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Intellectual African Artists in Germany 19941 Adibe Clement Erne Institutionalist Theory and the ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia 19942 Afoaku Osita G The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Post-Mobutu Zaire 19943 Alabi Adeyato Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Criticism From Textual to Secular Reading ofColonial Master Texts 19944 Ali Ahmed Q Land Rush in Southern Somalia 19945 Anglin Douglas G International Monitoring of the South African Elections 19946 Arthur G F Kojo Cloth as Metaphor Some Aspects of the Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth 19947 Aryeetey Ernest and William F Steel Savings Collectors and Financial Intermediation in Ghana 19948 Ashbaugh Leslie Mobile People and Personal Narratives from Lusakas Hinterland Ethnographies ofTransition 19949 Ayele Negussay On the Meaning and Modalities of Reparations 199410 Ayodo Awuor The African Woman Writer in the 1990s Old Goals New Visions 199411 Babarinde Olufemi A Africa Caribbean and the Pacific Countries and the New Europe Is the Lome Convention Doomed 199412 Barker Jonathan S Local Political Space An Approach to Theory and Research on Participation 199413 Basu Ananyo The Concept ofPerson in African Philosophy 199414 Belcher Stephen But Where is the Throne Recalled Ritual and the Cycle of Segou 1994 15 Berry Sara Unanswered Questions Recycled Ideas Problems of Explaining African Development 199416 Bhana Surendra Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Supremacy The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994 199417 Biesele Megan Democratization in Namibia The View from The Bottom Rung 199418 Borer Tristan Anne Spiraling Involvement The Politicizashytion ofSouth African Churches 199419 Boughton Duncan John M Staatz and James D Shaffer Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity Subsectors Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in Mali 199420 Bourgault Louise M The Flowering of Democracy and the

Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case ofZambia 199421 Bratton Michael Popular Participation in Transition Elections in Africa Some Observations 199422 Brenner Louis Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais 199423 Briere Eloise A Teaching LEnfant Noir AgainAgainst Allah Tantou 199424 Brinkman Inge Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Gender Norms 199425 Bryant De The Role of Academicians in International Development Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Community Change 199426

Burgess Stephen F Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Africa Competition and Conflict Avoidance in Rural Zimbabwe 199427 Bustin Edouard Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in Francophone Africa and Their Incidence on the Democratization Process 199428 Caffentzis C George Academic Staff Unions and Structural Adjustment in Africa Robespierre versus Newton 199429 Campbell Bonnie and Jennifer Clapp Guineas Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment The Importance of Mining and Agriculture 199430 Cattell Maria G Gender Age and Power Hierarchy and Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya 199431 Chale Fides S Gender and Structural Adjustment in Tanzania A Grassroots Perspective on Education 199432 Clark Andrew F Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery in the Upper Senegal Valley 1887-1910 A Reassessment 199433 Cleaver Kevin and W Graeme Donovan Agriculture Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa 199434 Cobbe James On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Lesotho 199435 Coplan David B Reconfiguring Migrancy Basotho Migrants and the Retrenchment Industry on the South African Mines 199436 Cordell Dennis D The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the Central African Republic 1890-1960 199437 Covington-Whitmore K Shifting Loyalties An Examination ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War 199438 Cunningham Rodney D The Political Attitudes ofNigerian College Students 1992-1993 199439

AprilJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

i

~---I Davison Jean Matriliny and the Durability of Banja Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi 199440 African Republic 199462 DeTray Stephen Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking Roger Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities of the Gold Coast 199463 Reforms in Tanzania 199441 Gray Christopher The Disappearing District The Decline of Deybe Daniel and Mohamed Bendaoud Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon 1850-1940 199464 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco Green Deborah U S Foreign Policy and the Democratization 199442 of Zaire Current Status and Future Prospects 199465 Dhada Mustafah Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm Curt D Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissaus Liberation Struggle 199443 African Political Liberalization The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch Susan Defining Political Space The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors 199466 Resistance Councils in Jinja Uganda 199444 Gueye Souleymane Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre Brian Self-Determination in Tanganyika The Elections Monetary Union The Case of West African Monetary Union of1958-59 199445 199467 Dupre Marie-Claude The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison Holly Reconfiguring the Social Order The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi An Historical Survey Uses of Land in Buganda 1900-1927 199468 199446 Hameit-Sievers Axel African Business Economic Dzvimbo Kuzvinetsa P Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism and British Colonial Policy Southern Nigeria Zimbabwe Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54 199469 the University of Zimbabwe 199447 Hart Elizabeth I Structural Adjustment the Private Sector Elango Lovett and A G Adebayo Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence The Development of of the Sahara Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm 199448 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana Fabre Pierre Competitive Challenges ofAfrican Agricultural 199470 Exports A Ca_~StudyafJhe BananaFiliere~J99449-- - )Heneveld Ward Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in

1r Laura In the Dressing Room of Identity Clothing Class Education The Madagascar Experience 199471 and Ethnicity in Zanzibar 185Q~~~Q l99450 - Holtzman John S Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects Are They Compatible Politics The Case of Nigeria 199451 199472 Fisiy Cyprian F Law Out ofContext Witchcraft Trials in Hope Sr Kempe Ronald Managing Development Policy in Cameroon 199452 Botswana Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change 199473 Fisiy Cyprian F In Search of Recognition Pseudo-Traditional Hom Nancy E Still Invisible Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso North-West Cameroon and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe 199474 199453 Hountondji Paulin J Producing Knowledge in Africa Today Foltz WilliamJ Democracy Development and the Military 19947~_ _~___--------middot- -~ Some Lessons from Africa 199454 (HOiiSe-Midamba Bessie Mothers Daughters and Trade ) Fonge Fuabeh P Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk (Degendering Si11cgic EC01lomicTerraiJdn~ Politics Kleptomania and the Plight of the Cameroonian Civil Hughes Sarah M Migration Remittances Investment and Servant 199455 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley 199477 Ford Robert E Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam David Uro Water is Thicker Than Blood Alternate in the Sahel The Case of Northern Yatenga Burkina Faso Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 199456 Relations 199478 Fosu Augustin K wasi Elite Political Instability Economic Jackson Gordon S Media Change and the New South Growth and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press 199479 199457 Jalata Asafa The Imperial Interstate System in Action U S Fredland Richard A A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared 199480 Africa Politics and Policy 199458 James Carl E Becoming Teachers Experiences ofAfrican Gershoni Yekutiel Diseases Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program 199481 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century 199459 Jega Attahiro M Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter Charles L Rethinking AIDS in Africa 199460 Under Military Rule 199482 Gewald J B Seeking to Return Herero Exiles 1904-1923 Jegede Dele Art in a State ofAnomie the Nigerian Case 199461 199483 Giles-Vernick Tamara Conservation and Consumption Jell-Bahlsen Sabine Can the Arts be Transformed to Death

AprillJune 1995

Some Instances from Southeastern Nigeria 199484 Community Based System of Social Work Practice 1994107 Jules-Rosette Benetta Rhythms and Images of Black Paris Ludwar-Ene Gudrun and Gabriele Wurster The Gender The Works ofThree Cameroonian Novelists in France 199485 Dimension in the Urban-Rural Connection in Kenya and Jumare Ibrahim M Gender Class and Land Tenure in the Nigeria With Particular Reference to Urban Professionals in Sokato Sultanate ofNigeria 1994 86 Nairobi and Calabar 1994108 Kaiser Paul J Culture and Civil Society in an International Mabala Richard S The Taming ofAnimation Is Government Context The Case ofAga Khan Health-Care Initiatives in Animation a Contradiction in Terms 1994109 Tanzania 199487 Madure Richard Changing Assumptions ofAfrican Kalipeni Ezekiel The AIDS Pandemic in Malawi A Somber Schooling and the Prospects of NGO Involvement in Reforming Reflection 199488 Childrens Education 1994110 Kane Mouhamed Moustapha Islam and Society in Senegal MacRae Suzanne H Yeelen s Cinematic Politics 1994111 The Impact of Islam on the Business Environment in Dakar Mahadi Abdullahi Current Research Trends in Northern 199489 Nigeria The Perspective from Arewa House 1994112 Kasozi A B K The Origins of Violence in Uganda An Majak Damazo Out The History of the Southern Sudanese Explanatory Model 199490 Students Movement and the Liberation of the Southern Sudan Kassim Mohamed M Bravanese Oral Traditions and the 1994113 Lakum Incident 199491 Maxwell Daniel G Internal Struggles over Resources Kazarow Patricia A Contemporary African Art Music External Struggles for Survival Urban Agriculture as an Global Implications 199492 Economic Strategy in Kampala 1994114 Khadiagala Gilbert M The New South Africa in Southern Maylam Paul Writing About Natives in Towns Trends in Africa 199493 the Study ofAfrican Urbanism in Twentieth Century South Khan M Mahmud and Shawn K Baker Labor Absorption Africa 1994115 and Vulnerabili(y to Food and Nutritional Stress--A Case Study Mboma Lucy M The Impact of Structural Adjustment (SAP)ofMadagascar 199494 at Household Level in Tanzania 1994116 Klouda Tony Organisations and AIDS The Development of McClendon Thomas V Kufanele Ukusebenza Isithupa Coping Responses 199495 Fathers Sons and the Labor Tenant Contract in 1930s Natal Konneh Augustine The Movement of Independent African 1994117 Churches in Southern Africa The Case of Zimbabwe 199496 1 McKnight Glenn H Reconfiguring Development Policy in Koponen Juhani Colonialism and Development The Case of =ltt Uganda The Bataka Community and the Political Use of Mainland Tanzania During the German Period 199497 Native Discourse 1920-1923 1994118 Kreike Emmanuel H P M On the Oshimolo Trail Seasonal Miller Mary-Kay F Writing Culture Colonial and Cattle Migrations as a Response to Environmental Stress Post-Colonial Representations in Pierre Loti Mariama Ba and 199498 Marguerite Duras 1994119 Kumar Shubh K and Kene Ezemenari and Saroj Minnaar Anthony Trevor Keith and Sam Pretorius Bhattarai Income Risk as a Factor in Household Food Unsuspecting Targets An Analysis ofMassacres in South Consumption Behaviour Evidencefrom Southern Shoa Africa 1990-1993 1994120 Ethiopia 199499 Moore David Chioni Keywords in African Philosophy Kuntz Patricia S Swahili-L Using Computer Technology to Definitions of IIAfrica Past and Present 1994121 Promote African Language Literacy 1994100 Moss Barbara A We Cannot Steal Another Mans Sheep Kunz Frank A Changing Perspectives on Political Conflict in African Christians on the Colonial Range 1994122 Africa 1994101 Mukyala-Makiika Rebecca The Ripples that Pinch Which Is Kusimba Chapurukha M The Social Context of Iron Forging the Best Arena Some Reflections on Womens Movement on the Kenya Coast 1994102 Organizations and Their Interface with Political Reforms in

J Laakso Liisa Voting Without Choosing State and Uganda 1994123 Democratization in Zimbabwe 1994103 Muller Carol Pathways to the Mountain Top Icons of

LaGamma Alisa Unimaginable Sacrifices The Allure of Spirituality in Nazarite Womens Song Dream Narratives and Muyama 1994104 Bead Work 1994124 Lata Leenco The Making and Un-making of Ethiopias Murphy Brian Martin New Media New Power Relations Transitional Charter 1994105 Information Policy and the Information Superhighway The

Case of Southern Africa 1994125Lindeke William A Reconfiguring Namibia Four Years of

Nault Derrick World War I and Nyasalands Food EconomyDemocracyand Development 1994106 1994126

Logan Sadye L Teaching About Africa An Exemplarfor a

AprilJune 1995

Ndlovu Scotch M Ndebeles and Shonas in Zimbabwe A From Defection to Cooperation 1994149 Case Study of Ethnic Conflict Resolution 1994127 Newman James L The Origins of African Rural Settlement 1994128 Nzongola-Ntalaja Georges The Democracy Movement in Zaire 1956-1994 1994129 Okeny Kenneth The Elusive Concept Why Federalism Has Eluded the Sudan Since Independence 1994130 Okoampa-Ahoofe Jr Kwame Afrocentric Curriculum and Literature A Pleocentric Call 1994131 Okolie Andrew C Oil Rents International Aid Regime and Agrarian Policies in Nigeria1970-1992 1994132 Omwanda Lewis Odhiambo The lilrge Families of Kenya A Contextual Analysis of Communication Effects on Contraceptive Use Among Kenyan Women 1994133 Osirim Mary J Trading in the Midst of Uncertainty Market Women Adjustment and the Prospects for Development in Zimbabwe 1994134 Ottaway Marina The Ethiopian Transition Democratization or New Authoritarianism 1994135 Oyler Dianne White Mande Identity Through Literacy The Nko Writing System as an Agent of Cultural Nationalism 1994136 Payne Richard J African Americans and US Policy Taward Post-Apartheid South Africa 1994137 Pearce Tola Olu Hated by Society Perceptions ofFemale Infertility Among the Yoruba 1994138 Perinbam B Marie Identity Ritual and the State in the Bamako Kafu and Mande-Hinterland 1994139 Pitcher Anne Conflict or Cooperation Gendered Roles and Responsibilities Amongst Cotton Households in Northern Mozambique 1994140 Popenoe Rebecca The Expression of Value Through the Female Body in Azawagh Arab Society (Niger) 1994141 Quirin James Themes in the Socioethnic History of Northwestern Ethiopia 1300-1900 1994142 Rasmussen Susan J The Cultural Construction of Menopause and Perimenopause Among the Tuareg of Niger 1994143 Reno William Foreign Investment Administrative Reform and The Deinstitutionalization ofAfrican States 1994144 Resch Tim Community-Based Natural Resources Management Policy Practice and Results 1994145 Reynolds Andrew The Importance of Electoral System and Constitutional Design to the New Democracies ofSouthern Africa 1994146 Roberts Matthew Business Responses to HIVAIDS in the African Formal Sector Workplace Findings ofa Kenya Needs Assessment 1994147 Roeber Carter A Shylocks Mabisinesi and the Apamwamba The Politics ofCredit on the Eve of the Third Republic 1994148 Rothchild Donald On Implementing Africas Peace Accords

Rovine Victoria Bogolan in Bamako The Revitalization ofa Traditional Art Form 1994150 Rusimbi Mary SAP For Whom Grassroots Perspectives 1994151 Rutherford Blair Domesticating Tropes and Contestations over Domesticity on Commercial Farms in Zimbabwe Colonial Governance and Farm Workers Responses in Hurungwe District 1994152 Sadowsky Jonathan Domination and DiIlgnosis The Lunatic Asylums of Colon illI Nigeria as a Political Frontier 1994153 Sahn David E Paul Dorosh and Stephen Younger Exchange Rate Fiscal and Agricultural Policies in Africa Does Adjustment Hurt the Poor 1994154 Sarnoff Joel Ihron Rensburg and Zelda Groener From Critique to Consultation to Curriculum Education Policy in Post-Apartheid South Africa 1994155 Scarritt James R and Solomon M Nldwane The Effects of Economic Inequalityand Political Uncertainty on Friends and Neighbors Zambill-Zimbabwe Relations Since 1980 1994156 Schlottner Michael Dispersed Strangers Aspects of Identity and Pawer Among Mande-Speaking Immigrants in Northern Ghana and Burkina Faso 1994157 Schoenbrun David Lee Gendered Histories Between the Great Lakes Varieties and Limits 1994158 Schwartz Nancy This Chalice is a Blade Gaudencia Aokos Breakout from Legio Maria and the Formation of the Communion Church ofAfrica in Kenya 1994159 Seppala Pekka The Politics of Economic Diversification Local Strategies to Combat Dependency in a Rural ViUage in South-East Tanzania 1994160 Shaw Timothy M Africa Reconfigured The Continent in the New International Divisions of lilbour and Pawer 1994161 Shettima Kole Ahmed Beyond the Politics of Oil Politics Identity and Environmental Change in the Yobe Basin of Northern Nigeria 1994162 Shorey Denise M Integrating the Internet into Africana Library Instruction 1994163 Siegel Brian Myth as Historical Metaphor The lilmba Chief Chipimpi and the Yeke 1994164 Silla Eric Dealing with Stigma and Difference The Case of Leprosy in Mali 1994165 Sindzingre Alice N Industrie Ajustement et Entrepreneurshyship en C(te DIvoire et au Ghana 1994166 Snyder Katherine A Rituals for the lilnd and Community Restoring Harmony and Fertility Among the Iraqw of Northern Tanzania 1994167 Soderlund Walter c and Ronald H Wagenberg Race and Gender in TV News Coverage of Cuba 1988-1992 1994168 Solomon R Patrick and David A Brown Black Culture and Subculture as Forms of School Resistance 1994169

AprilJune 1995

Sorenson John Development Implications for a Reconfigured Ethiopia 1994170 Stahl Ann B Power and Chieftancy in an Asante Province A View from Banda 1994171 Stein Howard The World Bank and Capacity Building and Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa A Theoretical Evaluation 1994172 Storey William K Small-Scale Sugar Cane Farmers and Biotechnology in Mauritius The Uba Riots of1937 1994173 Strickland Bradford Witchcraft and AIDS Some Negotiations ofPower Among the Kunda of Eastern Zambia 1994174 Swatuk Larry A Environmental Crises and Prospects for Southern African Regional Cooperation 1994175 Taddia Irma New Research on Eritrean History NineteenthTwentieth Centuries 1994176 Takougang Joseph The Press and the Democratization Process in Africa The Case of the Republic ofCameroon 1994177 Taylor Raymond M Genealogy Gender and Tribal Discourse in the Pre-Colonial Southwest Sahara 1994178 Thom William G The Changing Nature ofMilitary Conflict and National Security in Africa South of the Sahara A Commentary 1994179 Trager Lillian Rural-Urban Linkilges and Local Development in Nigeria Whose Agenda What Impact 1994180 Turner J Michael The 1993 Multiparty Conference on Mozambiques Draft Electoral Law A Transition Process in Microcosm 1994181 Vener Jessica I The Onset ofTransition from Single to Multiparty Politics A Case Study of Tanzania 1994182 Vestal Theodore M An Analysis of the New Constitution of Ethiopia and the Process of Its Adoption 1994183 Villalon Leonardo A Debating Change and Democracy in Niger Transition and the Fate of the Code de la Famille 1994184 Wakoson Elias NyamlelL Political Elite-Military Symbiotic Relationship in Sudanese Politics Its Impact on South-North Conflict 1994185 Washington Shirley The Implications ofConflict Between the Clinton Administrations Foreign Policy TransAfrica and the Congressional Black Caucus 1994186 Willis Justin Personal Names and the Construction of Social Identities Among the Bondei and Giryama 1994187 Wolf Thomas P Paying the Price The Personal Gains and Losses ofLocal Government Activists in the 1992 Kenya General Election 1994188 Wooten Stephen Urban Growth and Rural Transformation A Case Study ofFresh Produce Production in a Malian Village 1994189 Yanco Jennifer J Macro-Economic Policies and Womens

AprilJune 1995

Reproductive Health The Case of the Sahel 1994190 Yongo-Bure B The Benefits ofat Least Two Sudans 1994191 Zaffiro James J Re-Designing External Policy for the Next Quarter-Century The New World Order from a Botswana Perspective 1994192 Zilberg Jonathan Shona Sculpture versus Airport Art Battles in the Marketplace 1994193 Fetter Bruce and Stowell Kessler Death by Concentration The Burgher Camps at Barberton and Nylstroom 1994194 Jell-Bahlsen Sabine People Nature Water Spirits Oru Igbo Arts and Rituals 1994195 Layachi Azzedine Democratization vs Stability in North Africa A Western Foreign Policy Dilemma 1994196

Rwandan Reconstruction

The ASA is US distributor for a special Englishshylanguage issue of Traits dUnion Rwanda that deals with the problems and processes of political and social reconstruction in Rwanda Translated into English from the original French the magazine juxtaposes opinions of politicians military commanders and civil leaders It is based on a compilation of some 20 exclusive interviews of leading voices for the future of Rwanda

The magazine was produced by three Belgiumshybased NGOs Coopibo Vredeseilanden and SOS-Faim

For a copy send $10 to ASA Credit Union Building Emory University Atlanta GA 30322

ANNOUNCEMENTS bull The Womens Caucus of the ASA seeks to promote

the study of gender within the various disciplines represented in the ASA ensure an active representative role for women Africanists within the ASA and develop links between the ASA and women in Africa The Caucus encourages the participation and membership of graduate students and women in Africa A mentor directory is available through the Caucus Membership dues are scaled to income and membership and mailings to women in Africa are free of charge For infonnation contact Judith Byfield Dartmouth College Department of History Hanover NH 03755-3506 Tel (603) 646-2365 e-mail judithbyfieldregdartmouthedu or Lidwien Kapteijns Wellesley College Department of History Wellesley MA 02181 Tel (617) 235-0320 e-mail lkapteijnslucywellesleyedu

bull Larry W Bowman of the University of Connecticut has recently issued Catalogue No2 The Indian Ocean its Islands and the African and Asian Littoral featuring antiquarian books prints and maps on the Indian Ocean region and especially the Indian Ocean islands This catalogue will be sent free to anyone requesting a copy Contact Larry W Bowman458 Middle Turnpike Storrs CT 06268 Tel (203) 486-3355 fax (203) 486-3347 e-mail bowmanuconnvmuconnedu

FELLOWSHIPS National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships

support six to twelve months of full-time uninterrupted study and research for projects that will make significant contributions to the humanities NEH Fellowships can be used to work on books monographs series of articles and interpretive catalogues to accompany exhibitions While NEH Fellowships cannot be used to catalogue or organize collections or to prepare exhibitions such work may be eligible through programs in the Division of Public Programs or the Division of Preservation and Access

The application deadline for 1996-97 NEH Fellowships is May I 1995 There are two competitions for NEH Fellowships One is for scholars in undergraduate colleges and universities for independent scholars and for scholars associated with institutions such as museums libraries and historical societies The second program is for scholars at PhD-granting universities For information contact Division of Research Programs National Endowment for the Humanities Room 316 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20506 Tel (202) 606-8466

FUTURE MEETINGS amp CALLS FOR PAPERS

bull The Sudan Studies Association announces its 14th annual meeting to be held at Villanova University from May 4-6 1995 For information contact Malik Balla 1005 Shelter Lane Lansing MI48912 Tel (517) 353-4862 fax (517) 432-2737

bull The International Center of Studies Research and Reactivating of Literature and Arts announces an international symposium on The Environment Creation and Life Towards the Reconstruction of the Great Harmony in Dakar-St Louis Senegal from December 4-121995 Symposium themes are Creation and the Environment The Environment and Culture and Towards the Great Harmony Working languages are English and French Registration deadline is June 30 1995 For information contact Aminata Sowfall or Alssatou Dia CAEC BP 5332 Post de Fann-Dakar (Senegal) Tel (221) 2103 10 fax (221) 215109

bull The Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World invites and solicits proposals for research papers panels workshops and roundtables for possible presentation and inclusion in a Global Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Social Development Themes are role of science and appropriate technology culture and human values education and training health and medicine housing and urban development industry and labor manpower ecology environment and quality of life population and rural development role of political leadership in social policy role of professionals in highlighting social issues

Deadline is September 15 1995 Send proposal and biographical statement to Mekki Mtewa Executive Director Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World PO Box 70257 Washington DC 20024-0257 Telfax (202) 723-7010

bull The Southwest Historical Association will meet in conjunction with the Southwestern Social Science Association in Houston TX March 20-231996 Proposals for papers or sessions in US History EuropeanAsian

AprilJune 1995

Ndlovu Scotch M Ndebeles and Shonas in Zimbabwe A From Defection to Cooperation 1994149 Case Study of Ethnic Conflict Resolution 1994127 Newman James L The Origins of African Rural Settlement 1994128 Nzongola-Ntalaja Georges The Democracy Movement in Zaire 1956-1994 1994129 Okeny Kenneth The Elusive Concept Why Federalism Has Eluded the Sudan Since Independence 1994130 Okoampa-Ahoofe Jr Kwame Afrocentric Curriculum and Literature A Pleocentric Call 1994131 Okolie Andrew C Oil Rents International Aid Regime and Agrarian Policies in Nigeria1970-1992 1994132 Omwanda Lewis Odhiambo The lilrge Families of Kenya A Contextual Analysis of Communication Effects on Contraceptive Use Among Kenyan Women 1994133 Osirim Mary J Trading in the Midst of Uncertainty Market Women Adjustment and the Prospects for Development in Zimbabwe 1994134 Ottaway Marina The Ethiopian Transition Democratization or New Authoritarianism 1994135 Oyler Dianne White Mande Identity Through Literacy The Nko Writing System as an Agent of Cultural Nationalism 1994136 Payne Richard J African Americans and US Policy Taward Post-Apartheid South Africa 1994137 Pearce Tola Olu Hated by Society Perceptions ofFemale Infertility Among the Yoruba 1994138 Perinbam B Marie Identity Ritual and the State in the Bamako Kafu and Mande-Hinterland 1994139 Pitcher Anne Conflict or Cooperation Gendered Roles and Responsibilities Amongst Cotton Households in Northern Mozambique 1994140 Popenoe Rebecca The Expression of Value Through the Female Body in Azawagh Arab Society (Niger) 1994141 Quirin James Themes in the Socioethnic History of Northwestern Ethiopia 1300-1900 1994142 Rasmussen Susan J The Cultural Construction of Menopause and Perimenopause Among the Tuareg of Niger 1994143 Reno William Foreign Investment Administrative Reform and The Deinstitutionalization ofAfrican States 1994144 Resch Tim Community-Based Natural Resources Management Policy Practice and Results 1994145 Reynolds Andrew The Importance of Electoral System and Constitutional Design to the New Democracies ofSouthern Africa 1994146 Roberts Matthew Business Responses to HIVAIDS in the African Formal Sector Workplace Findings ofa Kenya Needs Assessment 1994147 Roeber Carter A Shylocks Mabisinesi and the Apamwamba The Politics ofCredit on the Eve of the Third Republic 1994148 Rothchild Donald On Implementing Africas Peace Accords

Rovine Victoria Bogolan in Bamako The Revitalization ofa Traditional Art Form 1994150 Rusimbi Mary SAP For Whom Grassroots Perspectives 1994151 Rutherford Blair Domesticating Tropes and Contestations over Domesticity on Commercial Farms in Zimbabwe Colonial Governance and Farm Workers Responses in Hurungwe District 1994152 Sadowsky Jonathan Domination and DiIlgnosis The Lunatic Asylums of Colon illI Nigeria as a Political Frontier 1994153 Sahn David E Paul Dorosh and Stephen Younger Exchange Rate Fiscal and Agricultural Policies in Africa Does Adjustment Hurt the Poor 1994154 Sarnoff Joel Ihron Rensburg and Zelda Groener From Critique to Consultation to Curriculum Education Policy in Post-Apartheid South Africa 1994155 Scarritt James R and Solomon M Nldwane The Effects of Economic Inequalityand Political Uncertainty on Friends and Neighbors Zambill-Zimbabwe Relations Since 1980 1994156 Schlottner Michael Dispersed Strangers Aspects of Identity and Pawer Among Mande-Speaking Immigrants in Northern Ghana and Burkina Faso 1994157 Schoenbrun David Lee Gendered Histories Between the Great Lakes Varieties and Limits 1994158 Schwartz Nancy This Chalice is a Blade Gaudencia Aokos Breakout from Legio Maria and the Formation of the Communion Church ofAfrica in Kenya 1994159 Seppala Pekka The Politics of Economic Diversification Local Strategies to Combat Dependency in a Rural ViUage in South-East Tanzania 1994160 Shaw Timothy M Africa Reconfigured The Continent in the New International Divisions of lilbour and Pawer 1994161 Shettima Kole Ahmed Beyond the Politics of Oil Politics Identity and Environmental Change in the Yobe Basin of Northern Nigeria 1994162 Shorey Denise M Integrating the Internet into Africana Library Instruction 1994163 Siegel Brian Myth as Historical Metaphor The lilmba Chief Chipimpi and the Yeke 1994164 Silla Eric Dealing with Stigma and Difference The Case of Leprosy in Mali 1994165 Sindzingre Alice N Industrie Ajustement et Entrepreneurshyship en C(te DIvoire et au Ghana 1994166 Snyder Katherine A Rituals for the lilnd and Community Restoring Harmony and Fertility Among the Iraqw of Northern Tanzania 1994167 Soderlund Walter c and Ronald H Wagenberg Race and Gender in TV News Coverage of Cuba 1988-1992 1994168 Solomon R Patrick and David A Brown Black Culture and Subculture as Forms of School Resistance 1994169

AprilJune 1995

Sorenson John Development Implications for a Reconfigured Ethiopia 1994170 Stahl Ann B Power and Chieftancy in an Asante Province A View from Banda 1994171 Stein Howard The World Bank and Capacity Building and Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa A Theoretical Evaluation 1994172 Storey William K Small-Scale Sugar Cane Farmers and Biotechnology in Mauritius The Uba Riots of1937 1994173 Strickland Bradford Witchcraft and AIDS Some Negotiations ofPower Among the Kunda of Eastern Zambia 1994174 Swatuk Larry A Environmental Crises and Prospects for Southern African Regional Cooperation 1994175 Taddia Irma New Research on Eritrean History NineteenthTwentieth Centuries 1994176 Takougang Joseph The Press and the Democratization Process in Africa The Case of the Republic ofCameroon 1994177 Taylor Raymond M Genealogy Gender and Tribal Discourse in the Pre-Colonial Southwest Sahara 1994178 Thom William G The Changing Nature ofMilitary Conflict and National Security in Africa South of the Sahara A Commentary 1994179 Trager Lillian Rural-Urban Linkilges and Local Development in Nigeria Whose Agenda What Impact 1994180 Turner J Michael The 1993 Multiparty Conference on Mozambiques Draft Electoral Law A Transition Process in Microcosm 1994181 Vener Jessica I The Onset ofTransition from Single to Multiparty Politics A Case Study of Tanzania 1994182 Vestal Theodore M An Analysis of the New Constitution of Ethiopia and the Process of Its Adoption 1994183 Villalon Leonardo A Debating Change and Democracy in Niger Transition and the Fate of the Code de la Famille 1994184 Wakoson Elias NyamlelL Political Elite-Military Symbiotic Relationship in Sudanese Politics Its Impact on South-North Conflict 1994185 Washington Shirley The Implications ofConflict Between the Clinton Administrations Foreign Policy TransAfrica and the Congressional Black Caucus 1994186 Willis Justin Personal Names and the Construction of Social Identities Among the Bondei and Giryama 1994187 Wolf Thomas P Paying the Price The Personal Gains and Losses ofLocal Government Activists in the 1992 Kenya General Election 1994188 Wooten Stephen Urban Growth and Rural Transformation A Case Study ofFresh Produce Production in a Malian Village 1994189 Yanco Jennifer J Macro-Economic Policies and Womens

AprilJune 1995

Reproductive Health The Case of the Sahel 1994190 Yongo-Bure B The Benefits ofat Least Two Sudans 1994191 Zaffiro James J Re-Designing External Policy for the Next Quarter-Century The New World Order from a Botswana Perspective 1994192 Zilberg Jonathan Shona Sculpture versus Airport Art Battles in the Marketplace 1994193 Fetter Bruce and Stowell Kessler Death by Concentration The Burgher Camps at Barberton and Nylstroom 1994194 Jell-Bahlsen Sabine People Nature Water Spirits Oru Igbo Arts and Rituals 1994195 Layachi Azzedine Democratization vs Stability in North Africa A Western Foreign Policy Dilemma 1994196

Rwandan Reconstruction

The ASA is US distributor for a special Englishshylanguage issue of Traits dUnion Rwanda that deals with the problems and processes of political and social reconstruction in Rwanda Translated into English from the original French the magazine juxtaposes opinions of politicians military commanders and civil leaders It is based on a compilation of some 20 exclusive interviews of leading voices for the future of Rwanda

The magazine was produced by three Belgiumshybased NGOs Coopibo Vredeseilanden and SOS-Faim

For a copy send $10 to ASA Credit Union Building Emory University Atlanta GA 30322

ANNOUNCEMENTS bull The Womens Caucus of the ASA seeks to promote

the study of gender within the various disciplines represented in the ASA ensure an active representative role for women Africanists within the ASA and develop links between the ASA and women in Africa The Caucus encourages the participation and membership of graduate students and women in Africa A mentor directory is available through the Caucus Membership dues are scaled to income and membership and mailings to women in Africa are free of charge For infonnation contact Judith Byfield Dartmouth College Department of History Hanover NH 03755-3506 Tel (603) 646-2365 e-mail judithbyfieldregdartmouthedu or Lidwien Kapteijns Wellesley College Department of History Wellesley MA 02181 Tel (617) 235-0320 e-mail lkapteijnslucywellesleyedu

bull Larry W Bowman of the University of Connecticut has recently issued Catalogue No2 The Indian Ocean its Islands and the African and Asian Littoral featuring antiquarian books prints and maps on the Indian Ocean region and especially the Indian Ocean islands This catalogue will be sent free to anyone requesting a copy Contact Larry W Bowman458 Middle Turnpike Storrs CT 06268 Tel (203) 486-3355 fax (203) 486-3347 e-mail bowmanuconnvmuconnedu

FELLOWSHIPS National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships

support six to twelve months of full-time uninterrupted study and research for projects that will make significant contributions to the humanities NEH Fellowships can be used to work on books monographs series of articles and interpretive catalogues to accompany exhibitions While NEH Fellowships cannot be used to catalogue or organize collections or to prepare exhibitions such work may be eligible through programs in the Division of Public Programs or the Division of Preservation and Access

The application deadline for 1996-97 NEH Fellowships is May I 1995 There are two competitions for NEH Fellowships One is for scholars in undergraduate colleges and universities for independent scholars and for scholars associated with institutions such as museums libraries and historical societies The second program is for scholars at PhD-granting universities For information contact Division of Research Programs National Endowment for the Humanities Room 316 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20506 Tel (202) 606-8466

FUTURE MEETINGS amp CALLS FOR PAPERS

bull The Sudan Studies Association announces its 14th annual meeting to be held at Villanova University from May 4-6 1995 For information contact Malik Balla 1005 Shelter Lane Lansing MI48912 Tel (517) 353-4862 fax (517) 432-2737

bull The International Center of Studies Research and Reactivating of Literature and Arts announces an international symposium on The Environment Creation and Life Towards the Reconstruction of the Great Harmony in Dakar-St Louis Senegal from December 4-121995 Symposium themes are Creation and the Environment The Environment and Culture and Towards the Great Harmony Working languages are English and French Registration deadline is June 30 1995 For information contact Aminata Sowfall or Alssatou Dia CAEC BP 5332 Post de Fann-Dakar (Senegal) Tel (221) 2103 10 fax (221) 215109

bull The Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World invites and solicits proposals for research papers panels workshops and roundtables for possible presentation and inclusion in a Global Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Social Development Themes are role of science and appropriate technology culture and human values education and training health and medicine housing and urban development industry and labor manpower ecology environment and quality of life population and rural development role of political leadership in social policy role of professionals in highlighting social issues

Deadline is September 15 1995 Send proposal and biographical statement to Mekki Mtewa Executive Director Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World PO Box 70257 Washington DC 20024-0257 Telfax (202) 723-7010

bull The Southwest Historical Association will meet in conjunction with the Southwestern Social Science Association in Houston TX March 20-231996 Proposals for papers or sessions in US History EuropeanAsian

AprilJune 1995

Sorenson John Development Implications for a Reconfigured Ethiopia 1994170 Stahl Ann B Power and Chieftancy in an Asante Province A View from Banda 1994171 Stein Howard The World Bank and Capacity Building and Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa A Theoretical Evaluation 1994172 Storey William K Small-Scale Sugar Cane Farmers and Biotechnology in Mauritius The Uba Riots of1937 1994173 Strickland Bradford Witchcraft and AIDS Some Negotiations ofPower Among the Kunda of Eastern Zambia 1994174 Swatuk Larry A Environmental Crises and Prospects for Southern African Regional Cooperation 1994175 Taddia Irma New Research on Eritrean History NineteenthTwentieth Centuries 1994176 Takougang Joseph The Press and the Democratization Process in Africa The Case of the Republic ofCameroon 1994177 Taylor Raymond M Genealogy Gender and Tribal Discourse in the Pre-Colonial Southwest Sahara 1994178 Thom William G The Changing Nature ofMilitary Conflict and National Security in Africa South of the Sahara A Commentary 1994179 Trager Lillian Rural-Urban Linkilges and Local Development in Nigeria Whose Agenda What Impact 1994180 Turner J Michael The 1993 Multiparty Conference on Mozambiques Draft Electoral Law A Transition Process in Microcosm 1994181 Vener Jessica I The Onset ofTransition from Single to Multiparty Politics A Case Study of Tanzania 1994182 Vestal Theodore M An Analysis of the New Constitution of Ethiopia and the Process of Its Adoption 1994183 Villalon Leonardo A Debating Change and Democracy in Niger Transition and the Fate of the Code de la Famille 1994184 Wakoson Elias NyamlelL Political Elite-Military Symbiotic Relationship in Sudanese Politics Its Impact on South-North Conflict 1994185 Washington Shirley The Implications ofConflict Between the Clinton Administrations Foreign Policy TransAfrica and the Congressional Black Caucus 1994186 Willis Justin Personal Names and the Construction of Social Identities Among the Bondei and Giryama 1994187 Wolf Thomas P Paying the Price The Personal Gains and Losses ofLocal Government Activists in the 1992 Kenya General Election 1994188 Wooten Stephen Urban Growth and Rural Transformation A Case Study ofFresh Produce Production in a Malian Village 1994189 Yanco Jennifer J Macro-Economic Policies and Womens

AprilJune 1995

Reproductive Health The Case of the Sahel 1994190 Yongo-Bure B The Benefits ofat Least Two Sudans 1994191 Zaffiro James J Re-Designing External Policy for the Next Quarter-Century The New World Order from a Botswana Perspective 1994192 Zilberg Jonathan Shona Sculpture versus Airport Art Battles in the Marketplace 1994193 Fetter Bruce and Stowell Kessler Death by Concentration The Burgher Camps at Barberton and Nylstroom 1994194 Jell-Bahlsen Sabine People Nature Water Spirits Oru Igbo Arts and Rituals 1994195 Layachi Azzedine Democratization vs Stability in North Africa A Western Foreign Policy Dilemma 1994196

Rwandan Reconstruction

The ASA is US distributor for a special Englishshylanguage issue of Traits dUnion Rwanda that deals with the problems and processes of political and social reconstruction in Rwanda Translated into English from the original French the magazine juxtaposes opinions of politicians military commanders and civil leaders It is based on a compilation of some 20 exclusive interviews of leading voices for the future of Rwanda

The magazine was produced by three Belgiumshybased NGOs Coopibo Vredeseilanden and SOS-Faim

For a copy send $10 to ASA Credit Union Building Emory University Atlanta GA 30322

ANNOUNCEMENTS bull The Womens Caucus of the ASA seeks to promote

the study of gender within the various disciplines represented in the ASA ensure an active representative role for women Africanists within the ASA and develop links between the ASA and women in Africa The Caucus encourages the participation and membership of graduate students and women in Africa A mentor directory is available through the Caucus Membership dues are scaled to income and membership and mailings to women in Africa are free of charge For infonnation contact Judith Byfield Dartmouth College Department of History Hanover NH 03755-3506 Tel (603) 646-2365 e-mail judithbyfieldregdartmouthedu or Lidwien Kapteijns Wellesley College Department of History Wellesley MA 02181 Tel (617) 235-0320 e-mail lkapteijnslucywellesleyedu

bull Larry W Bowman of the University of Connecticut has recently issued Catalogue No2 The Indian Ocean its Islands and the African and Asian Littoral featuring antiquarian books prints and maps on the Indian Ocean region and especially the Indian Ocean islands This catalogue will be sent free to anyone requesting a copy Contact Larry W Bowman458 Middle Turnpike Storrs CT 06268 Tel (203) 486-3355 fax (203) 486-3347 e-mail bowmanuconnvmuconnedu

FELLOWSHIPS National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships

support six to twelve months of full-time uninterrupted study and research for projects that will make significant contributions to the humanities NEH Fellowships can be used to work on books monographs series of articles and interpretive catalogues to accompany exhibitions While NEH Fellowships cannot be used to catalogue or organize collections or to prepare exhibitions such work may be eligible through programs in the Division of Public Programs or the Division of Preservation and Access

The application deadline for 1996-97 NEH Fellowships is May I 1995 There are two competitions for NEH Fellowships One is for scholars in undergraduate colleges and universities for independent scholars and for scholars associated with institutions such as museums libraries and historical societies The second program is for scholars at PhD-granting universities For information contact Division of Research Programs National Endowment for the Humanities Room 316 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20506 Tel (202) 606-8466

FUTURE MEETINGS amp CALLS FOR PAPERS

bull The Sudan Studies Association announces its 14th annual meeting to be held at Villanova University from May 4-6 1995 For information contact Malik Balla 1005 Shelter Lane Lansing MI48912 Tel (517) 353-4862 fax (517) 432-2737

bull The International Center of Studies Research and Reactivating of Literature and Arts announces an international symposium on The Environment Creation and Life Towards the Reconstruction of the Great Harmony in Dakar-St Louis Senegal from December 4-121995 Symposium themes are Creation and the Environment The Environment and Culture and Towards the Great Harmony Working languages are English and French Registration deadline is June 30 1995 For information contact Aminata Sowfall or Alssatou Dia CAEC BP 5332 Post de Fann-Dakar (Senegal) Tel (221) 2103 10 fax (221) 215109

bull The Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World invites and solicits proposals for research papers panels workshops and roundtables for possible presentation and inclusion in a Global Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Social Development Themes are role of science and appropriate technology culture and human values education and training health and medicine housing and urban development industry and labor manpower ecology environment and quality of life population and rural development role of political leadership in social policy role of professionals in highlighting social issues

Deadline is September 15 1995 Send proposal and biographical statement to Mekki Mtewa Executive Director Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World PO Box 70257 Washington DC 20024-0257 Telfax (202) 723-7010

bull The Southwest Historical Association will meet in conjunction with the Southwestern Social Science Association in Houston TX March 20-231996 Proposals for papers or sessions in US History EuropeanAsian

AprilJune 1995

ANNOUNCEMENTS bull The Womens Caucus of the ASA seeks to promote

the study of gender within the various disciplines represented in the ASA ensure an active representative role for women Africanists within the ASA and develop links between the ASA and women in Africa The Caucus encourages the participation and membership of graduate students and women in Africa A mentor directory is available through the Caucus Membership dues are scaled to income and membership and mailings to women in Africa are free of charge For infonnation contact Judith Byfield Dartmouth College Department of History Hanover NH 03755-3506 Tel (603) 646-2365 e-mail judithbyfieldregdartmouthedu or Lidwien Kapteijns Wellesley College Department of History Wellesley MA 02181 Tel (617) 235-0320 e-mail lkapteijnslucywellesleyedu

bull Larry W Bowman of the University of Connecticut has recently issued Catalogue No2 The Indian Ocean its Islands and the African and Asian Littoral featuring antiquarian books prints and maps on the Indian Ocean region and especially the Indian Ocean islands This catalogue will be sent free to anyone requesting a copy Contact Larry W Bowman458 Middle Turnpike Storrs CT 06268 Tel (203) 486-3355 fax (203) 486-3347 e-mail bowmanuconnvmuconnedu

FELLOWSHIPS National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships

support six to twelve months of full-time uninterrupted study and research for projects that will make significant contributions to the humanities NEH Fellowships can be used to work on books monographs series of articles and interpretive catalogues to accompany exhibitions While NEH Fellowships cannot be used to catalogue or organize collections or to prepare exhibitions such work may be eligible through programs in the Division of Public Programs or the Division of Preservation and Access

The application deadline for 1996-97 NEH Fellowships is May I 1995 There are two competitions for NEH Fellowships One is for scholars in undergraduate colleges and universities for independent scholars and for scholars associated with institutions such as museums libraries and historical societies The second program is for scholars at PhD-granting universities For information contact Division of Research Programs National Endowment for the Humanities Room 316 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20506 Tel (202) 606-8466

FUTURE MEETINGS amp CALLS FOR PAPERS

bull The Sudan Studies Association announces its 14th annual meeting to be held at Villanova University from May 4-6 1995 For information contact Malik Balla 1005 Shelter Lane Lansing MI48912 Tel (517) 353-4862 fax (517) 432-2737

bull The International Center of Studies Research and Reactivating of Literature and Arts announces an international symposium on The Environment Creation and Life Towards the Reconstruction of the Great Harmony in Dakar-St Louis Senegal from December 4-121995 Symposium themes are Creation and the Environment The Environment and Culture and Towards the Great Harmony Working languages are English and French Registration deadline is June 30 1995 For information contact Aminata Sowfall or Alssatou Dia CAEC BP 5332 Post de Fann-Dakar (Senegal) Tel (221) 2103 10 fax (221) 215109

bull The Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World invites and solicits proposals for research papers panels workshops and roundtables for possible presentation and inclusion in a Global Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Social Development Themes are role of science and appropriate technology culture and human values education and training health and medicine housing and urban development industry and labor manpower ecology environment and quality of life population and rural development role of political leadership in social policy role of professionals in highlighting social issues

Deadline is September 15 1995 Send proposal and biographical statement to Mekki Mtewa Executive Director Association for the Advancement of Policy Research and Development in the Third World PO Box 70257 Washington DC 20024-0257 Telfax (202) 723-7010

bull The Southwest Historical Association will meet in conjunction with the Southwestern Social Science Association in Houston TX March 20-231996 Proposals for papers or sessions in US History EuropeanAsian

AprilJune 1995

History and Latin American African History should be sent to Pedro Santoni Department of History California State University-San Bernadino 5500 University Parkway CA 92407-2397 Proposals for complete sessions are especially encouraged as are suggestions for interdisciplinary sessions panels and roundtables The deadline for proposals is October I 1995 Paper prizes of $100 will be awarded in each of the three categories

+The Society for Ethnomusicology announces its 40th annual meeting to be held at the Biltmore Hotel Los Angeles CA from October 19-22 1995 Preconference symposia include Bart6k Reconsidered (October 17-18) and Music and Technology (October 18) For information contact Victoria Lindsay Levine Music Department Colorado College 14 E Cache la Poudre Colorado Springs CO 80903

+ The Institute of African Studies Legon announces an international conference on Oral Literature and the Academy at the University of Ghana Legon October 24~30 1995 Sub-themes are gender and forms of social discourse communication strategies in oral literature the media and oral literature canon formation and oral literature performance and development interface oral literature and popular culture oral literature and the scientific tradition in Africa Special session and keynote address on Oral Literature and Traditions of Japan Highlights of the conference will include keynote address plenary sessions live performances and workshops by famous Ghanaian oral artists and planned tours to locations of interest in Ghana

For details contact E K Agovi Institute of African Studies University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana West Africa Fax 233-21-775-512

+ Papers are requested from interested scholars for inclusion in a book on Africa entitled Privatization in Africa Reality or Myth This collection of essays will reexamine African attempts to privatize its inefficient public corporations and other institutions It will examine outside pressures brought to bear on African governments to privatize and how successful they have been Papers are especially sought from scholars interested in examining issues that affect the efficiency of both private and public corporations challenges for the private sector and the extent and implications of privatization

Those wishing to submit papers for consideration should send two copies of an abstract of no more than 250 words A cover sheet listing the authors name

AprilJune 1995

institutional affiliation mailing address and phone and fax numbers must be included Abstracts must be received by April 14 1995 Authors of selected abstracts will be notified by May IS 1995 Send materials to Kwadwo Bawuah Department of Economics and Finance Virginia State University Petersburg V A 23806 Fax (804) 524-5541

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

The Ford Foundation is seeking a staff member in Nairobi to develop monitor and evaluate program activities in reproductive health and gender relations in Kenya Tanzania and Zimbabwe The program focus~ on research on the social and behavioral aspects of sexuahty and gender community initiatives for change and advocacy of sexual and reproductive rights The staff member will work closely with African profeSSionals on research and training issues The ideal candidate will have a demonstrated understanding of reproductive health and gender issues a broad perspective on development and substantial field experience in developing countries preferably Africa a PhD in a health-related social science field strong conceptual and writing skills ability to work effectively with persons of diverse backgrounds and fluency in Kiswahili or Portuguese Interested candidates should send a cv and a brief writing sample for position 672 to Joan Carrolt Manager of Employment The Ford Foundation320 East 43rd Street New York NY 10017

The Carter Center an action-oriented interdisciplinary institute affiliated with Emory University and led by former President Jimmy Carter seeks a director for its African Governance Program The program strives to advance effective governance and democratization in Africa by such activities as monitoring elections and promoting the development of local NGOs in select~d countries The program advises and supports PreSident Carter with his activities in Africa and closely collaborates with other Center programs that focus on conflict resolution human rights economic development health and agriculture

Qualifications Significant expertise and proven skill in promoting democracy and effective government in sub-Saharan Africa proven managerial skills including the ability to oversee several projects simultaneously to work

effectively with people from diverse cultures and to promote the professional development of staff extensive on-the-ground experience in Africa and proven ability to work within a university environment

Send cover letter resume minimum salary requirements and addresses and telephone numbers of three references to The Search Committee for the African Governance Program The Carter Center One Copenhill Atlanta GA 30307 Review of applications will begin on May 1 1995

RECENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS Compiled by Joseph J Lauer Michigan State University

The theses listed below were reported in Dissertation Abstracts International (DA) vol 55 no 5-8 parts A and B Each citation ends with a page reference to the abstract and order number (if any) for copies Dissertations with a CAX prefix are available from University Microfilms International (300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346) Canadian theses with a NN prefix are available from the National Library of Canada (395 Wellington St Ottawa KIA ON4)

This is the 26th quarterly supplement to American and Canadum Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses on Africa 1974-1987 (Atlanta Crossroads Press 1989) This series lists the US Canadian and and some other dissertations about Africa that are abstracted in DAI For more non-US theses see Canadian Theses [microform] Bibliography ofCanadian Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations on Africa 1905-1993 (1994) and Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities ofGreilt Britain and Ireland (Aslib)

The following table based on our database and the numbers in the sources listed above shows a continuing high interest in Africa

YearUS Can Year US Can Year US Can YearUS Can 1975 356 27 1976396 23 1977 432 22 1978421 38 1979 422 34 1980 474 22 1981462 33 1982448 41 1983 441 28 1984498 29 1985501 43 1986476 52 1987459 48 1988433 29 1989 412 38 199044740 1991460 53 1992489 64 1993453 51

Notes The numbers for 1993 are quite incomplete Because the University of Chicago and some other institutions do not report all their theses to DAI the US numbers after 1985 are somewhat less complete Researchers interested in a particular author or keyword should consult the indexes of DAI or of Comprehensive Dissertation Index or the CD-ROMs that include this information Since the MSU subscription to the print version of DAI was replaced after vol 55 no 6 (Dec 1994) with a subscription to the quarterly CD-ROM half of this list was compiled from special UMl printouts which omit pagination and the occasional title

Agriculture

Chhetri Puma Bahadur Field bean farming systems and prospectsfor the use of Rhizobium inoculum in Egypt PhD MiChigan State V 1994 DA55B2446 GAX9431225

Ibarra-Flores Fernando A A comparison ofclimatic and edaphic conditions at buffelgrass seeding sites in North America and at seed collection sites in Africa PhD Vtah State V 1994 DA55B2479 GAX9433760

Anthropology

Bishop Laura Corvinelli Pigs and the ancestors Hominids suids and environments during the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa PhD Yale V 1994 DA55A2032 GAX9430258

Brockman Diane Katherine Reproduction and mating system of Verreauxs SifakA Prqpithecus verrnuxi at Beza Mtlhafaly Madagascar PhD Yale 0 1994 DA55A2032 GAX9430260

Charnley Susan Cattle commons and culture The political ecok1gy of environmental change on a Tanzanian rangeland PhD Stanford 0 1994 411pp DA55A1612 GAX9429909

Ciekawy Diane Marie Witchcraft eradication as political process in Kilifi District Kenya 1955-1988 PhD Columbia 0 1992 268pp DA55A1612 GAX9427047

Cutbill Catherine Christine A postcolonial predicament Imagining Djibouti PhD V of Virginia 1994 494pp DA55A1303 GAX9425740

Duncan Bettina Shell Determinants oJ infant and childhood morbidity among nomadic TurkAna pastoralists of Northwest Kmya PhD Pennsylvania State V 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9428089

Ifekwunigwe Jane Obiageli Scattered be-longings The cultural paradoxes of race bull nation and generation in the English-African Diaspora PhD V of California Berkeley with 0 of Calif San Francisco 1993 264pp DA55A1613 GAX9430361

Jenike Mark Robert Energetic adaptations to seasonal hunger Bady composition energy expenditure and activity patterns among Lese horticulturists Zaire PhD U of California Los Angeles 1994 DA55A2457 GAX9502035

Konate Yacouba Household income and agricultural strategies in the peri- urban zone of Bamako Mali PhD State 0 of New York at Binghamton 1994 DA55A2453 GAX9432090

Krieger Judith Women men and householdfood in Cameroon PhD V of Kentucky 1994 198pp DA55A1614 GAX9429094

Lambert Michael Carson Searching across the divide History migration and the experience oJ place in a multilocal Senegalese community PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2453 GAX9500185

Nangendo Stevie Moses Daughters of the clay women oJ the farm Women agricultural economic development and ceramic production in Bungoma District Western Province Kenya PhD Bryn Mawr ColI 1994 429pp DA55A1615 GAX9425209

AprilJune 1995

Price David Harold The evolution ofirrigation in Egypts Fayoum Oasis State village and conveyance loss PhD V of Florida 1993 DA55A2028 GAX9432012

Remis Melissa Jane Feeding ecology and positional behavior ofwestern lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Central African Republic PhD Yale u 1994 DA55A2033 GAX9430293

Sicotte Pascale Effet de la competition inter-male sur les rapports entre males et femelles chez les gorilles de montagnes [Rwanda] PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2033 NN88899

Spitulnik Debra Anne Radio culture in Zambia Audiences public words and the nation-state PhD V of Chicago 1994 DA55A2456 GAX9501549

Wallsmith Deborah Lynne Uthic management strategies of late middle stone age hunter-gatherers in the upper Karoo region of South Africa PhD Southern Methodist u 1994 DA55A2450 GAX9503515

Architecture

Osman Khadiga Mohamed Spatial and aspatial analysis A conceptual approach for more informative design decisions [Sudan PhD V of Florida 1993 DA55A1717 GAX9432000

Biological Sciences

Bruce-Oliver Samuel Joseph Evaluation ofthe indigenous African phytoseiid EusejuSfustis (Pritchard and Baker) (Acari phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent ofthe cassava green mite MonOUJichellus ta11Iljm (Bondar) (Acari tetranychidae) on cassava Manihot esCUlenta Crantz in West Africa PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55B2504 GAX9430410

Camara Alpha Oumar Health significance and risk factors for childhood intestinal parasitic infections in Guinea Africa PhD Purdue u 1994 DA55B3188 GAX950167L

Mbaya John Stephen Kingangi Resource hoarding and defensive behaviours ofAfrican honey bees (Apis melWera L) in Kenya Ph D V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55B2507 NN88746

Stebbins Martha Elizabeth Congo red Escherichia coli and its role in avian airsacculitis PhD North Carolina State u 1994 DA55B3189 GAX9434043

TegIer Brent Alan Vegetative control ofsoil erosion by wind in the Sahel region ofMali West Africa PhD V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55B2503 NN88777

Zongo Joanny Ouiraogo Integrated pest management approach for the sorghum shoot fly Atherigana SQCcata Rondani (Diptern Muscidae) in Burkina Faso PhD McGill U (Can) 1992 268pp DA55B2067 NN87849

Earth Sciences

Debusk George Henry Jr Transport and stratigraphy of pollen in Lake Malawi Africa PhD Duke V 1994 DA55B2616 GAX9432472

Girard Pierre Techniques isotopiques (15N 180) appliquees aitude des nappes des altirites et du sode fracture de I ouest africain Etude de cas

AprilJune 1995

Louest du Niger PhD V du Quebec aChicoutimi (Can) 1993 156pp DA55B1773 NN86947

LandoU John David The role ofcrustal interactions in the formation of cogenetic silica oversaturated and undersaturated syenites Evidence from the alkaline complexes ofAbu Khruq (Egypt) Mt Shefford (Quebec) and Marangudzi (Zimbabwe) PhD Ohio State V 1994 384pp DA55B2127 GAX9427738

Schroeder Richard Alan Shady practice Gender and the political ecology ofresource stabilization in Gambian gardenorchards PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A2098 GAX9430672

Suleirnan Abdunnur Sharif Geophysics of the rifts associated with the Sirt Basin (North Africa) and the Anadarko Basin (North America) PhD V ofTexas at EI Paso 1994 DA55B3214 GAX9503981

Economics

Abouel-Enin Mohamed A An empirical study of factors influencing the success of Egypt-United States of America joint ventures engaging in businesses in Egypt DBA Vnited States International V 1994 DA55A2500 GAX9503985

Achebe Willy Chukwuma A study of Nigerias structural adjustment programme and its impact on economic development from 1980 to 1991 PhD Vnion Institute 1994 234pp DA55A1326 GAX9427376

Addison Ernest K wamina Yedu Macroeconomic implications ofsectoral policy incentives under structural adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of sectoral terms of trade changes in the Ghanaian economy PhD McGill V (Can) 1993 234pp DA55A1631 NN87782

Barry Abdoul Wahab Comparative advantage trade flows and prospects for regional agricultural market integration in West Africa The case ofCote dIvoire and Mali PhD Michigan State u 1994DA55A2072 GAX9431212

Ezemenari Knechukwu Maria Production risk and commercialization of agriculture in Rwanda Implications for household labour supply andfood security PhD V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55A2073 NN88701

Gergis Abdalla Household consumption analysiS Patterns ofbehavior and distribution in Egypt PhD Boston u 1995 DA55A2484 GAX9501865

Haymond Peter Mark Unexploitive middlemen Fresh produce marketing in Meknes prauince Morocco PhD Fletcher Sch of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts V) 1993 399pp DA55A1338 GAX9427333

Kevane Michael James Agrarian structure and agricultural practice in western Sudan PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A2062 GAX9430560

Kirnenye Lydia Neema The economics ofsmallholderflower and french bean production and marketing in Kenya PhD Michigan State u 1993 DA55A2074 GAX9431270

Kouadio Konan Arsene Flconditi migration et iiducation en COte dIvoire PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2510 NN89053

LowJan Wayland Survival strategies in northern Malawi The effects of household structure and inter-household income transfers on maternal and

l child nutritional status PhD Cornell U 1994 573pp DA55A1639 GAX9429293

Mekuria Mulugetta An economic analysis ofsmallholder wheat production and technology adoption in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia PhD Michigan State 01994 DA55A2075 GAX9431296

Mills Bradford Franklin Is there life after public service An analysis of public to private sector employment transitions in Conakry Guinea PhDo of CalifOrnia Berkeley 1993 DA55A2087 GAX9430612

Mubarak Jarnil Abdalla Macroeconomic policy and growth in Somalia 1970-89 PhD Johns Hopkins 01994 409pp DA55A1635 GAX9429551

Mwanaumo Anthony The effects ofmaiu marketing policy reforms in Zambia PhD Purdue U 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501742

Nichola Tennassie The adoption of hybrid sorghum at the farm and regional levels in the Gezira irrigated scheme of Sudan PhD Purdue 0 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501744

Rogers William Scott Sudanese resistance to economic adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of the 19811982 standby arrangement and altemativeadjustment strategies PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2493 GAX9333490

Simler Kenneth Richard Rural poverty and income sources of smallholder farmers A household economics analysis with panel data from northern Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 374pp DA55A1339 GAX9427880

Sipula F Kapola Reforms of the maize market system in Zambia Issues ofprice and market policies cooperatives and interprovincial transportation PhD Michigan State 0 1993 DA55A2077 GAX9431315

Somolekae Gloria Magotsha The environment ofsmall scale business and the informal sector in Botswana Constraints problems and prospects PhD Syracuse U 1994 DA55A2494 GAX9434011

Troutt Elizabeth S Rural African land markets and access to agricultural land The central region of Uganda PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 376pp DA55A1641 GAX9419588

Vignikin Kokou Dynamique des systemes de production agricole et ajustement socioUmographique des menages Le cas des agriculteurs Ewe du sud-Togo PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2497 NN89015

Education

Ambrose Rebeiro Amelia A curriculum on Cape Verde Ed D 0 of MassachusettsI994 DA55A2257 GAX9434446

Ashley Dominic Tarlton Bureaucratic barriers and constraints to the utilization of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agriculture in Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1786 GAX9423840

Bilal Said Gharib A constructivist model for teaching concepts of floatation to inservice science teachers at NTTC - Zanzibar [Tanzania EdD Columbia U 1994 DA55A1805 GAX9432495

i

Boahene Frank Kwaku Inquiry on human resource development in Africa An exploratory case study of technicaloocational education and training in Ghana PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2357 NN88995

Bundu Seikor Tengbeh Peter Alternative propositions in agriculture IImplicationsfor program development in primary schooling in Sierra Leone Ed D Temple U 1994 DA55A2259 GAX9434654 I

iGhunney Joseph Kow African spiritual UX1rld-view Its impact on t alcohol and other drug use by senior secondary school students in Ghana IPhD Loyola Coll - Maryland 1994 DA55A1827 GAX9422903

t

Gottesman Leslie David Praxis and promise Hermeneutics of literacy in the Eritrean revolution EdD 0 of San Francisco 1994 328pp DA55A1171 GAX9426931

Guedegbe Corbin Michel The professorate and academic life in Africa A case study ofthe academic profession at Benin National University PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 261pp DA55A1483 GAX9429805

Kabore Benoit La famille Burkinabeface au cheminement scolaire de leieve de lenseignement secondaire general public PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2231 NN89086

Kamdem Edouard Valeurs culturelles et alphabetisation au Cameroun PhDo de Montreal 1993 DA55A2266 NN89078

Kamwenubusa Marthe Utilisation des apprentissages relatifs ala nutrition par les Burundaises du Centre de Sante de Musaga [Burundi PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A1877 NN88926

Kilo Margaret Hilda Family support for education Explaining differences in academic performance in Cameroon PhD Stanford 0 1994 DA55A1898 GAX9429952

Mahillet Ange Etude descriptive de la perception des professeurs des lydes professionnels de Cote dIvoire concernant leur formation pedagogique de 1976 it 1990 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2267 NN89101

Majeke Abnerson Moyisi Sandile The 1976 Soweto uprisings Education law and the language issue in South Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2342 GAX9433656

Maliwichi Lucy Lynn A study of women income-generating groups in Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 294pp DA55A1453 GAX9429307

Ndecki Prosper A Climat organisationnel et satisfaction au travail dans les ecoles professionnelles du Senegal PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2295 NN89071

Ndubuike Darlington I Rituals of identity Examining the cultural context of the art ofthe African native with implications for multi-cultural and cross-cultural discipline-based art education [Nigeria EdD 0 of Houston 1994 DA55AI801 GAX9431024

Ngabaye Ronelyam umguage of instruction and social access in francophone Africa PhD U of Pittsburgh 1994 DA55A1855 GAX9431302

AprilJune 1995

Nowa-Phlri Meria Damalisy Educational leadership An examination of issues andfactors that promote and hinder utilization ofAfrican W071Ie1l in education leadership positions Ed D V of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2238 GAX9434516

Opoku-Debrah Kwesi Local knawledge offarmers in Ghana Implications for extension and sustainable development programs PhD Cornell u 1994 212pp DA55A1174 GAX9427909

Sadki Cherif A comparative analysis ofFrench and American governmental bilateral aid to African education A study of the policies from 1960-1980 PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 214pp DA55A1473 GAX9429850

Sidikou Maman Sarnbo Adult education and the cross-cultural transfer of innovation A critical analysis ofthe rural organizations development policy in Niger PhD Florida State u 1994 DA55A2252 GAX9434118

Stuebing Kathleen Winger Educational and religioUS factors in maternal verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia EdD Harvard V 1994 DA55A1902 GAX9432437

Titanji Fon Peter Job satisfaction among public secondaryhigh school teachers in Cameroon EdD U of Lowell 1994 DA55A1781 GAX9430337

Vanden Berg Owen Christian Inrwvation under apartheid Collaborative action research in a South African university PhD Washington V 1994 DA55A2351 GAX9433549

Environmental Sciences

Oni Richard Bolade Project demonstrating excellence A review of factors influencing the distribution of health care personnel between rural and urban areas ofKwara State Nigeria PhD Vnion Institute 1994 110pp DA55B1788 GAX9427372

Fine Arts

Swelirn Muharnad Tarek Nabil The mosque of Ibn Tulun A new perspective [Egypt] PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2190 GAX9500145

Geography

Boberg Jill Ann Efficiency and competitiveness in developing country woodJueI markets A case study oj Tanzania PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 285pp DA55A1354 GAX9427505

Lelo Francis Kibuba Humanization ofWildlife management A case study of01 Donyo Sabuk National Park Kenya PhD Clark V 1994 DA55A20 GAX9431433

Health Sciences

Barlow Sheila Barnable The fertility transition in Kenya The role of demand supply and regulation costs as determinants of contraception use in married fecund women DrPH V of Pittsburgh 1994 201pp DA55B1819 GAX9426705

Feldblurn Paul J Condom and spermicide use and the incidence of HIV infection [Zambia PhD V of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994

AprilJune 1995

lpp DA55B2177 GAX9429412

Huston Sara L Factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertropy in Nigerian civil seroants PhD V of Pittsburgh 1993 287pp DA55B1820 GAX9426694

Narnate Dorothy Elizabeth The cost of registered nurse-midwifery education and enrolled nurse-midWifery education in MaIaWi central Africa PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 195pp DA55B1792 GAX9427586

Ohambe Ornanyondo Practices ofZairian women related tofeeding infants and children under two years PhD U of Illinois at Chicago 1994 168pp DA55B1806 GAX9426521

History

Addo Ebenezer ObirL Kwame Nkrumah A case study oj religion and politics in Ghana PhD Drew V 1994 DA55A2103 GAX9432943

Arnoafo Sampson Interest rate policies and financial market fragmentation in LDCs The case oj Ghana PhD V of Denver 1994 DA55A2257 GAX9432605

Bivens Mary Wren Women ecology and Islam in the making ofmodern Hausa cultural history [Niger Nigeria] PhD Michigan State U 1994 DA55A2104 GAX9431214

Djibo Mamoudou Les transformation politiques au Niger 1958-1960 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2104 NN88865

Gao Zheng Paving a way to Eldorado Roads railways and political economy in Matabeleland 1888-1914 [Zimbabwe] PhD Yale u 1994 326pp DA55A1659 GAX9428285

Johnson Rosa Lee A portrait ofal-Jazair A study of eighteenth century AI-Jazair based on a lamplDL from the BaJtt ai-Mal for the years 1772-1773 [Libya] PhD V of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 240pp DA55A1362 GAX9419131

Mariscotti Cathlyn Consent and resistance The history ojupper and middle class Egyptian W071Ie1l reflected through their published journals 1925-1939 PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2535 GAX9434705

Ndege Peter Odhiambo Struggles for the market The political economy ofcommodity production and trade in Western Kenya 1929-1939 PhD West Virginia u 1993 326pp DA55A1359 GAX9426419

Okafor Victor Oguejiofor Leadership and political integration in Africa An Afrocentric case study of Nigeria PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434717

Richards Yevette My passionate feeling about Africa Maida Springer-Kemp and the American labor movement PhD Yale u 1994 957pp DA55A1659 GAX9428307

Simpson George Lawrence Jr On the frontiers ojempire British administration in Kenyas Northern Frontier District 1905-1935 PhD West Virginia u 1994 700pp DA55A1659 GAX9427991

Skon-Jedele Nancy Joan Aigyptiaka H A catalogue oj Egyptian and

Egyptianizing objects excavated from Greek archaeological sites ca

=

1100-525 BC with historical cammentary PhD U of Pennsylvania 1994 2887pp DA55A1356 GAX9427615

Suleiman Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad The historical basis of Sudans refugee problem 1900-present A critical reading into the pcrwer structure state and society in the Sudan PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434747

Ukpanah Ime John Yearning to be free Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South Africa PhD U of Houston 1993 380pp DA55A1659 GAX9428971

Von Eschen Penny Marie African Americans and anti-colonialism 1937-1957 The rise andfall of the politics of the African diaspora PhD Columbia U 1994 400pp DA55A1673 GAX9427157

Wolde-Mariam Tekalign A city and its hinterlands The political econamy ofland tenure agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1887-1974) PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2525 GAX9434239

Language

Bekerie Ayele Ethiopic History principles and influences ofan African writing system PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2362 GAX9434649

Belazi Noura Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects PhD Cornell u 1993 DA55A1928 GAX9406138

Dunigan Melynda B On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal] PhD U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 314pp DA55A1545 GAX9429406

Kamarah Sheikh Urnarr Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Temne A lexicalist approach Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1931 GAX9423848

Kamel Abdulaziz Mustafa A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic PhD Georgetown u 1993 271pp DA55A1254 GAX9424483

Rugemalira Josephat Muhozi Runyambo verb extension and constraints on predicate structure PhD U of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A1934 GAX9430661

Sherer Tim D Prosodicphonotactics West Africa] PhD U of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2370 GAX9434532

Tshlsungu Jose Tshisungu Wa Analyse linguistique de marqueurs conversationnels en Swahili PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2370 NN88991

Law

Okaru Valentina Onyem Effective institutional and legal means of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage Nigerian and United States experience JSD Stanford U 1994 302pp DA55A1674 GAX9429887

Literature

Burch Julia Frances Sink or swim Shipwreck narratives survival tales

bull

If I I

fand postcultural subjectivity PhD U of Michigan 1994 DA55A2377 GAX9500890 i

Gavioli Davida In search of the mothers lost voice Mariama Bas Une si longue IeUre Francesca Sanvitales Madre efiglia and Amy Tans fThe loy Luck Club Senega PhD Pennsylvania State U 1994 240pp DA55A1552 GAX9428101 I

I

I McGuire James Reed Narrating the Mande West African identity production and the Mande francophone novel PhD Northwestern U I 1994 DA55A2386 GAX9433888 I McKinney Mark Keith Maghrebi-French fiction An emergent literature PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1980 GAX9501397

McKoy Sheila Smith Riot Episodes of racialized violence in African and African American culture South Africa PhD Duke U 1994 DA55A2392 GAX9500505

Mekerta Soraya Martine Mektoub or written on the sand Une pottique nomade de linscription et de Ieffacement (Algeria) PhD U of Minnesota 1994 DA55A1950 GAX9433085

Niandou Aissata Madize Marginalized feminist discourses The black womans wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala Simone Schwarz-Barl and Toni Morrison Cameroon] PhD Pennsylvania State u 1994 DA55A2379 GAX9428170

Scott Pauline Marie Writing rewriting and unwriting the Renaissance Constructing otherness in Ariostos Orlando Furloso Shakespeares Othello Woolfs Orlando and Salihs Season of Migration to the North Sudan] PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 DA55A1943 GAX9430151

Strong-Leek Linda McNeely Excising the spiritual physical and psychological self An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Nwapa Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Alice Walker PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55A1951 GAX9431321

Tay ko Dolores Gail Narratives ofexile Doris Lessings The Golden Notebook and Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits and Eva Luna Zimbabwe] PhD Indiana U of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1944 GAX9433791 I

1

Vulor Ena Cecilia The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus Re-reading Lttranger La Peste LExil et Ie Royaume from a colonial perspective PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1984 GAX9501326

Mass Communications

Anyaegbunam Chike Bolekaja intellectualism The genesis of syncretistic model building in communicationJor development in Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2192 GAX9433598

Maepa Linda Nhlapo Television in Swaziland An ethnographic study of seven Swazi families PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433655

Masilela Sipho Themba B Communication strategies for cammunity participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts The case oJKibwezi Kenya PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433659

AprilJune 1995

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

i

-----It

I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

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Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

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RECENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS Compiled by Joseph J Lauer Michigan State University

The theses listed below were reported in Dissertation Abstracts International (DA) vol 55 no 5-8 parts A and B Each citation ends with a page reference to the abstract and order number (if any) for copies Dissertations with a CAX prefix are available from University Microfilms International (300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346) Canadian theses with a NN prefix are available from the National Library of Canada (395 Wellington St Ottawa KIA ON4)

This is the 26th quarterly supplement to American and Canadum Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses on Africa 1974-1987 (Atlanta Crossroads Press 1989) This series lists the US Canadian and and some other dissertations about Africa that are abstracted in DAI For more non-US theses see Canadian Theses [microform] Bibliography ofCanadian Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations on Africa 1905-1993 (1994) and Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities ofGreilt Britain and Ireland (Aslib)

The following table based on our database and the numbers in the sources listed above shows a continuing high interest in Africa

YearUS Can Year US Can Year US Can YearUS Can 1975 356 27 1976396 23 1977 432 22 1978421 38 1979 422 34 1980 474 22 1981462 33 1982448 41 1983 441 28 1984498 29 1985501 43 1986476 52 1987459 48 1988433 29 1989 412 38 199044740 1991460 53 1992489 64 1993453 51

Notes The numbers for 1993 are quite incomplete Because the University of Chicago and some other institutions do not report all their theses to DAI the US numbers after 1985 are somewhat less complete Researchers interested in a particular author or keyword should consult the indexes of DAI or of Comprehensive Dissertation Index or the CD-ROMs that include this information Since the MSU subscription to the print version of DAI was replaced after vol 55 no 6 (Dec 1994) with a subscription to the quarterly CD-ROM half of this list was compiled from special UMl printouts which omit pagination and the occasional title

Agriculture

Chhetri Puma Bahadur Field bean farming systems and prospectsfor the use of Rhizobium inoculum in Egypt PhD MiChigan State V 1994 DA55B2446 GAX9431225

Ibarra-Flores Fernando A A comparison ofclimatic and edaphic conditions at buffelgrass seeding sites in North America and at seed collection sites in Africa PhD Vtah State V 1994 DA55B2479 GAX9433760

Anthropology

Bishop Laura Corvinelli Pigs and the ancestors Hominids suids and environments during the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa PhD Yale V 1994 DA55A2032 GAX9430258

Brockman Diane Katherine Reproduction and mating system of Verreauxs SifakA Prqpithecus verrnuxi at Beza Mtlhafaly Madagascar PhD Yale 0 1994 DA55A2032 GAX9430260

Charnley Susan Cattle commons and culture The political ecok1gy of environmental change on a Tanzanian rangeland PhD Stanford 0 1994 411pp DA55A1612 GAX9429909

Ciekawy Diane Marie Witchcraft eradication as political process in Kilifi District Kenya 1955-1988 PhD Columbia 0 1992 268pp DA55A1612 GAX9427047

Cutbill Catherine Christine A postcolonial predicament Imagining Djibouti PhD V of Virginia 1994 494pp DA55A1303 GAX9425740

Duncan Bettina Shell Determinants oJ infant and childhood morbidity among nomadic TurkAna pastoralists of Northwest Kmya PhD Pennsylvania State V 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9428089

Ifekwunigwe Jane Obiageli Scattered be-longings The cultural paradoxes of race bull nation and generation in the English-African Diaspora PhD V of California Berkeley with 0 of Calif San Francisco 1993 264pp DA55A1613 GAX9430361

Jenike Mark Robert Energetic adaptations to seasonal hunger Bady composition energy expenditure and activity patterns among Lese horticulturists Zaire PhD U of California Los Angeles 1994 DA55A2457 GAX9502035

Konate Yacouba Household income and agricultural strategies in the peri- urban zone of Bamako Mali PhD State 0 of New York at Binghamton 1994 DA55A2453 GAX9432090

Krieger Judith Women men and householdfood in Cameroon PhD V of Kentucky 1994 198pp DA55A1614 GAX9429094

Lambert Michael Carson Searching across the divide History migration and the experience oJ place in a multilocal Senegalese community PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2453 GAX9500185

Nangendo Stevie Moses Daughters of the clay women oJ the farm Women agricultural economic development and ceramic production in Bungoma District Western Province Kenya PhD Bryn Mawr ColI 1994 429pp DA55A1615 GAX9425209

AprilJune 1995

Price David Harold The evolution ofirrigation in Egypts Fayoum Oasis State village and conveyance loss PhD V of Florida 1993 DA55A2028 GAX9432012

Remis Melissa Jane Feeding ecology and positional behavior ofwestern lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Central African Republic PhD Yale u 1994 DA55A2033 GAX9430293

Sicotte Pascale Effet de la competition inter-male sur les rapports entre males et femelles chez les gorilles de montagnes [Rwanda] PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2033 NN88899

Spitulnik Debra Anne Radio culture in Zambia Audiences public words and the nation-state PhD V of Chicago 1994 DA55A2456 GAX9501549

Wallsmith Deborah Lynne Uthic management strategies of late middle stone age hunter-gatherers in the upper Karoo region of South Africa PhD Southern Methodist u 1994 DA55A2450 GAX9503515

Architecture

Osman Khadiga Mohamed Spatial and aspatial analysis A conceptual approach for more informative design decisions [Sudan PhD V of Florida 1993 DA55A1717 GAX9432000

Biological Sciences

Bruce-Oliver Samuel Joseph Evaluation ofthe indigenous African phytoseiid EusejuSfustis (Pritchard and Baker) (Acari phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent ofthe cassava green mite MonOUJichellus ta11Iljm (Bondar) (Acari tetranychidae) on cassava Manihot esCUlenta Crantz in West Africa PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55B2504 GAX9430410

Camara Alpha Oumar Health significance and risk factors for childhood intestinal parasitic infections in Guinea Africa PhD Purdue u 1994 DA55B3188 GAX950167L

Mbaya John Stephen Kingangi Resource hoarding and defensive behaviours ofAfrican honey bees (Apis melWera L) in Kenya Ph D V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55B2507 NN88746

Stebbins Martha Elizabeth Congo red Escherichia coli and its role in avian airsacculitis PhD North Carolina State u 1994 DA55B3189 GAX9434043

TegIer Brent Alan Vegetative control ofsoil erosion by wind in the Sahel region ofMali West Africa PhD V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55B2503 NN88777

Zongo Joanny Ouiraogo Integrated pest management approach for the sorghum shoot fly Atherigana SQCcata Rondani (Diptern Muscidae) in Burkina Faso PhD McGill U (Can) 1992 268pp DA55B2067 NN87849

Earth Sciences

Debusk George Henry Jr Transport and stratigraphy of pollen in Lake Malawi Africa PhD Duke V 1994 DA55B2616 GAX9432472

Girard Pierre Techniques isotopiques (15N 180) appliquees aitude des nappes des altirites et du sode fracture de I ouest africain Etude de cas

AprilJune 1995

Louest du Niger PhD V du Quebec aChicoutimi (Can) 1993 156pp DA55B1773 NN86947

LandoU John David The role ofcrustal interactions in the formation of cogenetic silica oversaturated and undersaturated syenites Evidence from the alkaline complexes ofAbu Khruq (Egypt) Mt Shefford (Quebec) and Marangudzi (Zimbabwe) PhD Ohio State V 1994 384pp DA55B2127 GAX9427738

Schroeder Richard Alan Shady practice Gender and the political ecology ofresource stabilization in Gambian gardenorchards PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A2098 GAX9430672

Suleirnan Abdunnur Sharif Geophysics of the rifts associated with the Sirt Basin (North Africa) and the Anadarko Basin (North America) PhD V ofTexas at EI Paso 1994 DA55B3214 GAX9503981

Economics

Abouel-Enin Mohamed A An empirical study of factors influencing the success of Egypt-United States of America joint ventures engaging in businesses in Egypt DBA Vnited States International V 1994 DA55A2500 GAX9503985

Achebe Willy Chukwuma A study of Nigerias structural adjustment programme and its impact on economic development from 1980 to 1991 PhD Vnion Institute 1994 234pp DA55A1326 GAX9427376

Addison Ernest K wamina Yedu Macroeconomic implications ofsectoral policy incentives under structural adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of sectoral terms of trade changes in the Ghanaian economy PhD McGill V (Can) 1993 234pp DA55A1631 NN87782

Barry Abdoul Wahab Comparative advantage trade flows and prospects for regional agricultural market integration in West Africa The case ofCote dIvoire and Mali PhD Michigan State u 1994DA55A2072 GAX9431212

Ezemenari Knechukwu Maria Production risk and commercialization of agriculture in Rwanda Implications for household labour supply andfood security PhD V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55A2073 NN88701

Gergis Abdalla Household consumption analysiS Patterns ofbehavior and distribution in Egypt PhD Boston u 1995 DA55A2484 GAX9501865

Haymond Peter Mark Unexploitive middlemen Fresh produce marketing in Meknes prauince Morocco PhD Fletcher Sch of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts V) 1993 399pp DA55A1338 GAX9427333

Kevane Michael James Agrarian structure and agricultural practice in western Sudan PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A2062 GAX9430560

Kirnenye Lydia Neema The economics ofsmallholderflower and french bean production and marketing in Kenya PhD Michigan State u 1993 DA55A2074 GAX9431270

Kouadio Konan Arsene Flconditi migration et iiducation en COte dIvoire PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2510 NN89053

LowJan Wayland Survival strategies in northern Malawi The effects of household structure and inter-household income transfers on maternal and

l child nutritional status PhD Cornell U 1994 573pp DA55A1639 GAX9429293

Mekuria Mulugetta An economic analysis ofsmallholder wheat production and technology adoption in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia PhD Michigan State 01994 DA55A2075 GAX9431296

Mills Bradford Franklin Is there life after public service An analysis of public to private sector employment transitions in Conakry Guinea PhDo of CalifOrnia Berkeley 1993 DA55A2087 GAX9430612

Mubarak Jarnil Abdalla Macroeconomic policy and growth in Somalia 1970-89 PhD Johns Hopkins 01994 409pp DA55A1635 GAX9429551

Mwanaumo Anthony The effects ofmaiu marketing policy reforms in Zambia PhD Purdue U 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501742

Nichola Tennassie The adoption of hybrid sorghum at the farm and regional levels in the Gezira irrigated scheme of Sudan PhD Purdue 0 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501744

Rogers William Scott Sudanese resistance to economic adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of the 19811982 standby arrangement and altemativeadjustment strategies PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2493 GAX9333490

Simler Kenneth Richard Rural poverty and income sources of smallholder farmers A household economics analysis with panel data from northern Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 374pp DA55A1339 GAX9427880

Sipula F Kapola Reforms of the maize market system in Zambia Issues ofprice and market policies cooperatives and interprovincial transportation PhD Michigan State 0 1993 DA55A2077 GAX9431315

Somolekae Gloria Magotsha The environment ofsmall scale business and the informal sector in Botswana Constraints problems and prospects PhD Syracuse U 1994 DA55A2494 GAX9434011

Troutt Elizabeth S Rural African land markets and access to agricultural land The central region of Uganda PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 376pp DA55A1641 GAX9419588

Vignikin Kokou Dynamique des systemes de production agricole et ajustement socioUmographique des menages Le cas des agriculteurs Ewe du sud-Togo PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2497 NN89015

Education

Ambrose Rebeiro Amelia A curriculum on Cape Verde Ed D 0 of MassachusettsI994 DA55A2257 GAX9434446

Ashley Dominic Tarlton Bureaucratic barriers and constraints to the utilization of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agriculture in Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1786 GAX9423840

Bilal Said Gharib A constructivist model for teaching concepts of floatation to inservice science teachers at NTTC - Zanzibar [Tanzania EdD Columbia U 1994 DA55A1805 GAX9432495

i

Boahene Frank Kwaku Inquiry on human resource development in Africa An exploratory case study of technicaloocational education and training in Ghana PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2357 NN88995

Bundu Seikor Tengbeh Peter Alternative propositions in agriculture IImplicationsfor program development in primary schooling in Sierra Leone Ed D Temple U 1994 DA55A2259 GAX9434654 I

iGhunney Joseph Kow African spiritual UX1rld-view Its impact on t alcohol and other drug use by senior secondary school students in Ghana IPhD Loyola Coll - Maryland 1994 DA55A1827 GAX9422903

t

Gottesman Leslie David Praxis and promise Hermeneutics of literacy in the Eritrean revolution EdD 0 of San Francisco 1994 328pp DA55A1171 GAX9426931

Guedegbe Corbin Michel The professorate and academic life in Africa A case study ofthe academic profession at Benin National University PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 261pp DA55A1483 GAX9429805

Kabore Benoit La famille Burkinabeface au cheminement scolaire de leieve de lenseignement secondaire general public PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2231 NN89086

Kamdem Edouard Valeurs culturelles et alphabetisation au Cameroun PhDo de Montreal 1993 DA55A2266 NN89078

Kamwenubusa Marthe Utilisation des apprentissages relatifs ala nutrition par les Burundaises du Centre de Sante de Musaga [Burundi PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A1877 NN88926

Kilo Margaret Hilda Family support for education Explaining differences in academic performance in Cameroon PhD Stanford 0 1994 DA55A1898 GAX9429952

Mahillet Ange Etude descriptive de la perception des professeurs des lydes professionnels de Cote dIvoire concernant leur formation pedagogique de 1976 it 1990 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2267 NN89101

Majeke Abnerson Moyisi Sandile The 1976 Soweto uprisings Education law and the language issue in South Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2342 GAX9433656

Maliwichi Lucy Lynn A study of women income-generating groups in Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 294pp DA55A1453 GAX9429307

Ndecki Prosper A Climat organisationnel et satisfaction au travail dans les ecoles professionnelles du Senegal PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2295 NN89071

Ndubuike Darlington I Rituals of identity Examining the cultural context of the art ofthe African native with implications for multi-cultural and cross-cultural discipline-based art education [Nigeria EdD 0 of Houston 1994 DA55AI801 GAX9431024

Ngabaye Ronelyam umguage of instruction and social access in francophone Africa PhD U of Pittsburgh 1994 DA55A1855 GAX9431302

AprilJune 1995

Nowa-Phlri Meria Damalisy Educational leadership An examination of issues andfactors that promote and hinder utilization ofAfrican W071Ie1l in education leadership positions Ed D V of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2238 GAX9434516

Opoku-Debrah Kwesi Local knawledge offarmers in Ghana Implications for extension and sustainable development programs PhD Cornell u 1994 212pp DA55A1174 GAX9427909

Sadki Cherif A comparative analysis ofFrench and American governmental bilateral aid to African education A study of the policies from 1960-1980 PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 214pp DA55A1473 GAX9429850

Sidikou Maman Sarnbo Adult education and the cross-cultural transfer of innovation A critical analysis ofthe rural organizations development policy in Niger PhD Florida State u 1994 DA55A2252 GAX9434118

Stuebing Kathleen Winger Educational and religioUS factors in maternal verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia EdD Harvard V 1994 DA55A1902 GAX9432437

Titanji Fon Peter Job satisfaction among public secondaryhigh school teachers in Cameroon EdD U of Lowell 1994 DA55A1781 GAX9430337

Vanden Berg Owen Christian Inrwvation under apartheid Collaborative action research in a South African university PhD Washington V 1994 DA55A2351 GAX9433549

Environmental Sciences

Oni Richard Bolade Project demonstrating excellence A review of factors influencing the distribution of health care personnel between rural and urban areas ofKwara State Nigeria PhD Vnion Institute 1994 110pp DA55B1788 GAX9427372

Fine Arts

Swelirn Muharnad Tarek Nabil The mosque of Ibn Tulun A new perspective [Egypt] PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2190 GAX9500145

Geography

Boberg Jill Ann Efficiency and competitiveness in developing country woodJueI markets A case study oj Tanzania PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 285pp DA55A1354 GAX9427505

Lelo Francis Kibuba Humanization ofWildlife management A case study of01 Donyo Sabuk National Park Kenya PhD Clark V 1994 DA55A20 GAX9431433

Health Sciences

Barlow Sheila Barnable The fertility transition in Kenya The role of demand supply and regulation costs as determinants of contraception use in married fecund women DrPH V of Pittsburgh 1994 201pp DA55B1819 GAX9426705

Feldblurn Paul J Condom and spermicide use and the incidence of HIV infection [Zambia PhD V of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994

AprilJune 1995

lpp DA55B2177 GAX9429412

Huston Sara L Factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertropy in Nigerian civil seroants PhD V of Pittsburgh 1993 287pp DA55B1820 GAX9426694

Narnate Dorothy Elizabeth The cost of registered nurse-midwifery education and enrolled nurse-midWifery education in MaIaWi central Africa PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 195pp DA55B1792 GAX9427586

Ohambe Ornanyondo Practices ofZairian women related tofeeding infants and children under two years PhD U of Illinois at Chicago 1994 168pp DA55B1806 GAX9426521

History

Addo Ebenezer ObirL Kwame Nkrumah A case study oj religion and politics in Ghana PhD Drew V 1994 DA55A2103 GAX9432943

Arnoafo Sampson Interest rate policies and financial market fragmentation in LDCs The case oj Ghana PhD V of Denver 1994 DA55A2257 GAX9432605

Bivens Mary Wren Women ecology and Islam in the making ofmodern Hausa cultural history [Niger Nigeria] PhD Michigan State U 1994 DA55A2104 GAX9431214

Djibo Mamoudou Les transformation politiques au Niger 1958-1960 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2104 NN88865

Gao Zheng Paving a way to Eldorado Roads railways and political economy in Matabeleland 1888-1914 [Zimbabwe] PhD Yale u 1994 326pp DA55A1659 GAX9428285

Johnson Rosa Lee A portrait ofal-Jazair A study of eighteenth century AI-Jazair based on a lamplDL from the BaJtt ai-Mal for the years 1772-1773 [Libya] PhD V of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 240pp DA55A1362 GAX9419131

Mariscotti Cathlyn Consent and resistance The history ojupper and middle class Egyptian W071Ie1l reflected through their published journals 1925-1939 PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2535 GAX9434705

Ndege Peter Odhiambo Struggles for the market The political economy ofcommodity production and trade in Western Kenya 1929-1939 PhD West Virginia u 1993 326pp DA55A1359 GAX9426419

Okafor Victor Oguejiofor Leadership and political integration in Africa An Afrocentric case study of Nigeria PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434717

Richards Yevette My passionate feeling about Africa Maida Springer-Kemp and the American labor movement PhD Yale u 1994 957pp DA55A1659 GAX9428307

Simpson George Lawrence Jr On the frontiers ojempire British administration in Kenyas Northern Frontier District 1905-1935 PhD West Virginia u 1994 700pp DA55A1659 GAX9427991

Skon-Jedele Nancy Joan Aigyptiaka H A catalogue oj Egyptian and

Egyptianizing objects excavated from Greek archaeological sites ca

=

1100-525 BC with historical cammentary PhD U of Pennsylvania 1994 2887pp DA55A1356 GAX9427615

Suleiman Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad The historical basis of Sudans refugee problem 1900-present A critical reading into the pcrwer structure state and society in the Sudan PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434747

Ukpanah Ime John Yearning to be free Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South Africa PhD U of Houston 1993 380pp DA55A1659 GAX9428971

Von Eschen Penny Marie African Americans and anti-colonialism 1937-1957 The rise andfall of the politics of the African diaspora PhD Columbia U 1994 400pp DA55A1673 GAX9427157

Wolde-Mariam Tekalign A city and its hinterlands The political econamy ofland tenure agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1887-1974) PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2525 GAX9434239

Language

Bekerie Ayele Ethiopic History principles and influences ofan African writing system PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2362 GAX9434649

Belazi Noura Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects PhD Cornell u 1993 DA55A1928 GAX9406138

Dunigan Melynda B On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal] PhD U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 314pp DA55A1545 GAX9429406

Kamarah Sheikh Urnarr Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Temne A lexicalist approach Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1931 GAX9423848

Kamel Abdulaziz Mustafa A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic PhD Georgetown u 1993 271pp DA55A1254 GAX9424483

Rugemalira Josephat Muhozi Runyambo verb extension and constraints on predicate structure PhD U of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A1934 GAX9430661

Sherer Tim D Prosodicphonotactics West Africa] PhD U of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2370 GAX9434532

Tshlsungu Jose Tshisungu Wa Analyse linguistique de marqueurs conversationnels en Swahili PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2370 NN88991

Law

Okaru Valentina Onyem Effective institutional and legal means of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage Nigerian and United States experience JSD Stanford U 1994 302pp DA55A1674 GAX9429887

Literature

Burch Julia Frances Sink or swim Shipwreck narratives survival tales

bull

If I I

fand postcultural subjectivity PhD U of Michigan 1994 DA55A2377 GAX9500890 i

Gavioli Davida In search of the mothers lost voice Mariama Bas Une si longue IeUre Francesca Sanvitales Madre efiglia and Amy Tans fThe loy Luck Club Senega PhD Pennsylvania State U 1994 240pp DA55A1552 GAX9428101 I

I

I McGuire James Reed Narrating the Mande West African identity production and the Mande francophone novel PhD Northwestern U I 1994 DA55A2386 GAX9433888 I McKinney Mark Keith Maghrebi-French fiction An emergent literature PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1980 GAX9501397

McKoy Sheila Smith Riot Episodes of racialized violence in African and African American culture South Africa PhD Duke U 1994 DA55A2392 GAX9500505

Mekerta Soraya Martine Mektoub or written on the sand Une pottique nomade de linscription et de Ieffacement (Algeria) PhD U of Minnesota 1994 DA55A1950 GAX9433085

Niandou Aissata Madize Marginalized feminist discourses The black womans wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala Simone Schwarz-Barl and Toni Morrison Cameroon] PhD Pennsylvania State u 1994 DA55A2379 GAX9428170

Scott Pauline Marie Writing rewriting and unwriting the Renaissance Constructing otherness in Ariostos Orlando Furloso Shakespeares Othello Woolfs Orlando and Salihs Season of Migration to the North Sudan] PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 DA55A1943 GAX9430151

Strong-Leek Linda McNeely Excising the spiritual physical and psychological self An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Nwapa Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Alice Walker PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55A1951 GAX9431321

Tay ko Dolores Gail Narratives ofexile Doris Lessings The Golden Notebook and Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits and Eva Luna Zimbabwe] PhD Indiana U of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1944 GAX9433791 I

1

Vulor Ena Cecilia The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus Re-reading Lttranger La Peste LExil et Ie Royaume from a colonial perspective PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1984 GAX9501326

Mass Communications

Anyaegbunam Chike Bolekaja intellectualism The genesis of syncretistic model building in communicationJor development in Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2192 GAX9433598

Maepa Linda Nhlapo Television in Swaziland An ethnographic study of seven Swazi families PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433655

Masilela Sipho Themba B Communication strategies for cammunity participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts The case oJKibwezi Kenya PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433659

AprilJune 1995

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

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I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

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Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

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Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

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PAID ATLANTAGA

PERMIT NO 1689

Price David Harold The evolution ofirrigation in Egypts Fayoum Oasis State village and conveyance loss PhD V of Florida 1993 DA55A2028 GAX9432012

Remis Melissa Jane Feeding ecology and positional behavior ofwestern lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Central African Republic PhD Yale u 1994 DA55A2033 GAX9430293

Sicotte Pascale Effet de la competition inter-male sur les rapports entre males et femelles chez les gorilles de montagnes [Rwanda] PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2033 NN88899

Spitulnik Debra Anne Radio culture in Zambia Audiences public words and the nation-state PhD V of Chicago 1994 DA55A2456 GAX9501549

Wallsmith Deborah Lynne Uthic management strategies of late middle stone age hunter-gatherers in the upper Karoo region of South Africa PhD Southern Methodist u 1994 DA55A2450 GAX9503515

Architecture

Osman Khadiga Mohamed Spatial and aspatial analysis A conceptual approach for more informative design decisions [Sudan PhD V of Florida 1993 DA55A1717 GAX9432000

Biological Sciences

Bruce-Oliver Samuel Joseph Evaluation ofthe indigenous African phytoseiid EusejuSfustis (Pritchard and Baker) (Acari phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent ofthe cassava green mite MonOUJichellus ta11Iljm (Bondar) (Acari tetranychidae) on cassava Manihot esCUlenta Crantz in West Africa PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55B2504 GAX9430410

Camara Alpha Oumar Health significance and risk factors for childhood intestinal parasitic infections in Guinea Africa PhD Purdue u 1994 DA55B3188 GAX950167L

Mbaya John Stephen Kingangi Resource hoarding and defensive behaviours ofAfrican honey bees (Apis melWera L) in Kenya Ph D V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55B2507 NN88746

Stebbins Martha Elizabeth Congo red Escherichia coli and its role in avian airsacculitis PhD North Carolina State u 1994 DA55B3189 GAX9434043

TegIer Brent Alan Vegetative control ofsoil erosion by wind in the Sahel region ofMali West Africa PhD V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55B2503 NN88777

Zongo Joanny Ouiraogo Integrated pest management approach for the sorghum shoot fly Atherigana SQCcata Rondani (Diptern Muscidae) in Burkina Faso PhD McGill U (Can) 1992 268pp DA55B2067 NN87849

Earth Sciences

Debusk George Henry Jr Transport and stratigraphy of pollen in Lake Malawi Africa PhD Duke V 1994 DA55B2616 GAX9432472

Girard Pierre Techniques isotopiques (15N 180) appliquees aitude des nappes des altirites et du sode fracture de I ouest africain Etude de cas

AprilJune 1995

Louest du Niger PhD V du Quebec aChicoutimi (Can) 1993 156pp DA55B1773 NN86947

LandoU John David The role ofcrustal interactions in the formation of cogenetic silica oversaturated and undersaturated syenites Evidence from the alkaline complexes ofAbu Khruq (Egypt) Mt Shefford (Quebec) and Marangudzi (Zimbabwe) PhD Ohio State V 1994 384pp DA55B2127 GAX9427738

Schroeder Richard Alan Shady practice Gender and the political ecology ofresource stabilization in Gambian gardenorchards PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A2098 GAX9430672

Suleirnan Abdunnur Sharif Geophysics of the rifts associated with the Sirt Basin (North Africa) and the Anadarko Basin (North America) PhD V ofTexas at EI Paso 1994 DA55B3214 GAX9503981

Economics

Abouel-Enin Mohamed A An empirical study of factors influencing the success of Egypt-United States of America joint ventures engaging in businesses in Egypt DBA Vnited States International V 1994 DA55A2500 GAX9503985

Achebe Willy Chukwuma A study of Nigerias structural adjustment programme and its impact on economic development from 1980 to 1991 PhD Vnion Institute 1994 234pp DA55A1326 GAX9427376

Addison Ernest K wamina Yedu Macroeconomic implications ofsectoral policy incentives under structural adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of sectoral terms of trade changes in the Ghanaian economy PhD McGill V (Can) 1993 234pp DA55A1631 NN87782

Barry Abdoul Wahab Comparative advantage trade flows and prospects for regional agricultural market integration in West Africa The case ofCote dIvoire and Mali PhD Michigan State u 1994DA55A2072 GAX9431212

Ezemenari Knechukwu Maria Production risk and commercialization of agriculture in Rwanda Implications for household labour supply andfood security PhD V of Guelph (Can) 1994 DA55A2073 NN88701

Gergis Abdalla Household consumption analysiS Patterns ofbehavior and distribution in Egypt PhD Boston u 1995 DA55A2484 GAX9501865

Haymond Peter Mark Unexploitive middlemen Fresh produce marketing in Meknes prauince Morocco PhD Fletcher Sch of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts V) 1993 399pp DA55A1338 GAX9427333

Kevane Michael James Agrarian structure and agricultural practice in western Sudan PhD V of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A2062 GAX9430560

Kirnenye Lydia Neema The economics ofsmallholderflower and french bean production and marketing in Kenya PhD Michigan State u 1993 DA55A2074 GAX9431270

Kouadio Konan Arsene Flconditi migration et iiducation en COte dIvoire PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2510 NN89053

LowJan Wayland Survival strategies in northern Malawi The effects of household structure and inter-household income transfers on maternal and

l child nutritional status PhD Cornell U 1994 573pp DA55A1639 GAX9429293

Mekuria Mulugetta An economic analysis ofsmallholder wheat production and technology adoption in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia PhD Michigan State 01994 DA55A2075 GAX9431296

Mills Bradford Franklin Is there life after public service An analysis of public to private sector employment transitions in Conakry Guinea PhDo of CalifOrnia Berkeley 1993 DA55A2087 GAX9430612

Mubarak Jarnil Abdalla Macroeconomic policy and growth in Somalia 1970-89 PhD Johns Hopkins 01994 409pp DA55A1635 GAX9429551

Mwanaumo Anthony The effects ofmaiu marketing policy reforms in Zambia PhD Purdue U 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501742

Nichola Tennassie The adoption of hybrid sorghum at the farm and regional levels in the Gezira irrigated scheme of Sudan PhD Purdue 0 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501744

Rogers William Scott Sudanese resistance to economic adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of the 19811982 standby arrangement and altemativeadjustment strategies PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2493 GAX9333490

Simler Kenneth Richard Rural poverty and income sources of smallholder farmers A household economics analysis with panel data from northern Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 374pp DA55A1339 GAX9427880

Sipula F Kapola Reforms of the maize market system in Zambia Issues ofprice and market policies cooperatives and interprovincial transportation PhD Michigan State 0 1993 DA55A2077 GAX9431315

Somolekae Gloria Magotsha The environment ofsmall scale business and the informal sector in Botswana Constraints problems and prospects PhD Syracuse U 1994 DA55A2494 GAX9434011

Troutt Elizabeth S Rural African land markets and access to agricultural land The central region of Uganda PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 376pp DA55A1641 GAX9419588

Vignikin Kokou Dynamique des systemes de production agricole et ajustement socioUmographique des menages Le cas des agriculteurs Ewe du sud-Togo PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2497 NN89015

Education

Ambrose Rebeiro Amelia A curriculum on Cape Verde Ed D 0 of MassachusettsI994 DA55A2257 GAX9434446

Ashley Dominic Tarlton Bureaucratic barriers and constraints to the utilization of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agriculture in Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1786 GAX9423840

Bilal Said Gharib A constructivist model for teaching concepts of floatation to inservice science teachers at NTTC - Zanzibar [Tanzania EdD Columbia U 1994 DA55A1805 GAX9432495

i

Boahene Frank Kwaku Inquiry on human resource development in Africa An exploratory case study of technicaloocational education and training in Ghana PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2357 NN88995

Bundu Seikor Tengbeh Peter Alternative propositions in agriculture IImplicationsfor program development in primary schooling in Sierra Leone Ed D Temple U 1994 DA55A2259 GAX9434654 I

iGhunney Joseph Kow African spiritual UX1rld-view Its impact on t alcohol and other drug use by senior secondary school students in Ghana IPhD Loyola Coll - Maryland 1994 DA55A1827 GAX9422903

t

Gottesman Leslie David Praxis and promise Hermeneutics of literacy in the Eritrean revolution EdD 0 of San Francisco 1994 328pp DA55A1171 GAX9426931

Guedegbe Corbin Michel The professorate and academic life in Africa A case study ofthe academic profession at Benin National University PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 261pp DA55A1483 GAX9429805

Kabore Benoit La famille Burkinabeface au cheminement scolaire de leieve de lenseignement secondaire general public PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2231 NN89086

Kamdem Edouard Valeurs culturelles et alphabetisation au Cameroun PhDo de Montreal 1993 DA55A2266 NN89078

Kamwenubusa Marthe Utilisation des apprentissages relatifs ala nutrition par les Burundaises du Centre de Sante de Musaga [Burundi PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A1877 NN88926

Kilo Margaret Hilda Family support for education Explaining differences in academic performance in Cameroon PhD Stanford 0 1994 DA55A1898 GAX9429952

Mahillet Ange Etude descriptive de la perception des professeurs des lydes professionnels de Cote dIvoire concernant leur formation pedagogique de 1976 it 1990 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2267 NN89101

Majeke Abnerson Moyisi Sandile The 1976 Soweto uprisings Education law and the language issue in South Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2342 GAX9433656

Maliwichi Lucy Lynn A study of women income-generating groups in Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 294pp DA55A1453 GAX9429307

Ndecki Prosper A Climat organisationnel et satisfaction au travail dans les ecoles professionnelles du Senegal PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2295 NN89071

Ndubuike Darlington I Rituals of identity Examining the cultural context of the art ofthe African native with implications for multi-cultural and cross-cultural discipline-based art education [Nigeria EdD 0 of Houston 1994 DA55AI801 GAX9431024

Ngabaye Ronelyam umguage of instruction and social access in francophone Africa PhD U of Pittsburgh 1994 DA55A1855 GAX9431302

AprilJune 1995

Nowa-Phlri Meria Damalisy Educational leadership An examination of issues andfactors that promote and hinder utilization ofAfrican W071Ie1l in education leadership positions Ed D V of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2238 GAX9434516

Opoku-Debrah Kwesi Local knawledge offarmers in Ghana Implications for extension and sustainable development programs PhD Cornell u 1994 212pp DA55A1174 GAX9427909

Sadki Cherif A comparative analysis ofFrench and American governmental bilateral aid to African education A study of the policies from 1960-1980 PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 214pp DA55A1473 GAX9429850

Sidikou Maman Sarnbo Adult education and the cross-cultural transfer of innovation A critical analysis ofthe rural organizations development policy in Niger PhD Florida State u 1994 DA55A2252 GAX9434118

Stuebing Kathleen Winger Educational and religioUS factors in maternal verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia EdD Harvard V 1994 DA55A1902 GAX9432437

Titanji Fon Peter Job satisfaction among public secondaryhigh school teachers in Cameroon EdD U of Lowell 1994 DA55A1781 GAX9430337

Vanden Berg Owen Christian Inrwvation under apartheid Collaborative action research in a South African university PhD Washington V 1994 DA55A2351 GAX9433549

Environmental Sciences

Oni Richard Bolade Project demonstrating excellence A review of factors influencing the distribution of health care personnel between rural and urban areas ofKwara State Nigeria PhD Vnion Institute 1994 110pp DA55B1788 GAX9427372

Fine Arts

Swelirn Muharnad Tarek Nabil The mosque of Ibn Tulun A new perspective [Egypt] PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2190 GAX9500145

Geography

Boberg Jill Ann Efficiency and competitiveness in developing country woodJueI markets A case study oj Tanzania PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 285pp DA55A1354 GAX9427505

Lelo Francis Kibuba Humanization ofWildlife management A case study of01 Donyo Sabuk National Park Kenya PhD Clark V 1994 DA55A20 GAX9431433

Health Sciences

Barlow Sheila Barnable The fertility transition in Kenya The role of demand supply and regulation costs as determinants of contraception use in married fecund women DrPH V of Pittsburgh 1994 201pp DA55B1819 GAX9426705

Feldblurn Paul J Condom and spermicide use and the incidence of HIV infection [Zambia PhD V of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994

AprilJune 1995

lpp DA55B2177 GAX9429412

Huston Sara L Factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertropy in Nigerian civil seroants PhD V of Pittsburgh 1993 287pp DA55B1820 GAX9426694

Narnate Dorothy Elizabeth The cost of registered nurse-midwifery education and enrolled nurse-midWifery education in MaIaWi central Africa PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 195pp DA55B1792 GAX9427586

Ohambe Ornanyondo Practices ofZairian women related tofeeding infants and children under two years PhD U of Illinois at Chicago 1994 168pp DA55B1806 GAX9426521

History

Addo Ebenezer ObirL Kwame Nkrumah A case study oj religion and politics in Ghana PhD Drew V 1994 DA55A2103 GAX9432943

Arnoafo Sampson Interest rate policies and financial market fragmentation in LDCs The case oj Ghana PhD V of Denver 1994 DA55A2257 GAX9432605

Bivens Mary Wren Women ecology and Islam in the making ofmodern Hausa cultural history [Niger Nigeria] PhD Michigan State U 1994 DA55A2104 GAX9431214

Djibo Mamoudou Les transformation politiques au Niger 1958-1960 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2104 NN88865

Gao Zheng Paving a way to Eldorado Roads railways and political economy in Matabeleland 1888-1914 [Zimbabwe] PhD Yale u 1994 326pp DA55A1659 GAX9428285

Johnson Rosa Lee A portrait ofal-Jazair A study of eighteenth century AI-Jazair based on a lamplDL from the BaJtt ai-Mal for the years 1772-1773 [Libya] PhD V of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 240pp DA55A1362 GAX9419131

Mariscotti Cathlyn Consent and resistance The history ojupper and middle class Egyptian W071Ie1l reflected through their published journals 1925-1939 PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2535 GAX9434705

Ndege Peter Odhiambo Struggles for the market The political economy ofcommodity production and trade in Western Kenya 1929-1939 PhD West Virginia u 1993 326pp DA55A1359 GAX9426419

Okafor Victor Oguejiofor Leadership and political integration in Africa An Afrocentric case study of Nigeria PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434717

Richards Yevette My passionate feeling about Africa Maida Springer-Kemp and the American labor movement PhD Yale u 1994 957pp DA55A1659 GAX9428307

Simpson George Lawrence Jr On the frontiers ojempire British administration in Kenyas Northern Frontier District 1905-1935 PhD West Virginia u 1994 700pp DA55A1659 GAX9427991

Skon-Jedele Nancy Joan Aigyptiaka H A catalogue oj Egyptian and

Egyptianizing objects excavated from Greek archaeological sites ca

=

1100-525 BC with historical cammentary PhD U of Pennsylvania 1994 2887pp DA55A1356 GAX9427615

Suleiman Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad The historical basis of Sudans refugee problem 1900-present A critical reading into the pcrwer structure state and society in the Sudan PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434747

Ukpanah Ime John Yearning to be free Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South Africa PhD U of Houston 1993 380pp DA55A1659 GAX9428971

Von Eschen Penny Marie African Americans and anti-colonialism 1937-1957 The rise andfall of the politics of the African diaspora PhD Columbia U 1994 400pp DA55A1673 GAX9427157

Wolde-Mariam Tekalign A city and its hinterlands The political econamy ofland tenure agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1887-1974) PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2525 GAX9434239

Language

Bekerie Ayele Ethiopic History principles and influences ofan African writing system PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2362 GAX9434649

Belazi Noura Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects PhD Cornell u 1993 DA55A1928 GAX9406138

Dunigan Melynda B On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal] PhD U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 314pp DA55A1545 GAX9429406

Kamarah Sheikh Urnarr Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Temne A lexicalist approach Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1931 GAX9423848

Kamel Abdulaziz Mustafa A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic PhD Georgetown u 1993 271pp DA55A1254 GAX9424483

Rugemalira Josephat Muhozi Runyambo verb extension and constraints on predicate structure PhD U of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A1934 GAX9430661

Sherer Tim D Prosodicphonotactics West Africa] PhD U of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2370 GAX9434532

Tshlsungu Jose Tshisungu Wa Analyse linguistique de marqueurs conversationnels en Swahili PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2370 NN88991

Law

Okaru Valentina Onyem Effective institutional and legal means of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage Nigerian and United States experience JSD Stanford U 1994 302pp DA55A1674 GAX9429887

Literature

Burch Julia Frances Sink or swim Shipwreck narratives survival tales

bull

If I I

fand postcultural subjectivity PhD U of Michigan 1994 DA55A2377 GAX9500890 i

Gavioli Davida In search of the mothers lost voice Mariama Bas Une si longue IeUre Francesca Sanvitales Madre efiglia and Amy Tans fThe loy Luck Club Senega PhD Pennsylvania State U 1994 240pp DA55A1552 GAX9428101 I

I

I McGuire James Reed Narrating the Mande West African identity production and the Mande francophone novel PhD Northwestern U I 1994 DA55A2386 GAX9433888 I McKinney Mark Keith Maghrebi-French fiction An emergent literature PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1980 GAX9501397

McKoy Sheila Smith Riot Episodes of racialized violence in African and African American culture South Africa PhD Duke U 1994 DA55A2392 GAX9500505

Mekerta Soraya Martine Mektoub or written on the sand Une pottique nomade de linscription et de Ieffacement (Algeria) PhD U of Minnesota 1994 DA55A1950 GAX9433085

Niandou Aissata Madize Marginalized feminist discourses The black womans wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala Simone Schwarz-Barl and Toni Morrison Cameroon] PhD Pennsylvania State u 1994 DA55A2379 GAX9428170

Scott Pauline Marie Writing rewriting and unwriting the Renaissance Constructing otherness in Ariostos Orlando Furloso Shakespeares Othello Woolfs Orlando and Salihs Season of Migration to the North Sudan] PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 DA55A1943 GAX9430151

Strong-Leek Linda McNeely Excising the spiritual physical and psychological self An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Nwapa Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Alice Walker PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55A1951 GAX9431321

Tay ko Dolores Gail Narratives ofexile Doris Lessings The Golden Notebook and Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits and Eva Luna Zimbabwe] PhD Indiana U of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1944 GAX9433791 I

1

Vulor Ena Cecilia The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus Re-reading Lttranger La Peste LExil et Ie Royaume from a colonial perspective PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1984 GAX9501326

Mass Communications

Anyaegbunam Chike Bolekaja intellectualism The genesis of syncretistic model building in communicationJor development in Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2192 GAX9433598

Maepa Linda Nhlapo Television in Swaziland An ethnographic study of seven Swazi families PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433655

Masilela Sipho Themba B Communication strategies for cammunity participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts The case oJKibwezi Kenya PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433659

AprilJune 1995

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

i

-----It

I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

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Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

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Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

Yoruba Popular Theatre Three Plays by the Oyin Adejobi Company Karin Barber and Bayo Ogundijo editors Paperbound 612 pp ISBN 0-918456-70-3 $35 sale price - $28

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Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

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l child nutritional status PhD Cornell U 1994 573pp DA55A1639 GAX9429293

Mekuria Mulugetta An economic analysis ofsmallholder wheat production and technology adoption in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia PhD Michigan State 01994 DA55A2075 GAX9431296

Mills Bradford Franklin Is there life after public service An analysis of public to private sector employment transitions in Conakry Guinea PhDo of CalifOrnia Berkeley 1993 DA55A2087 GAX9430612

Mubarak Jarnil Abdalla Macroeconomic policy and growth in Somalia 1970-89 PhD Johns Hopkins 01994 409pp DA55A1635 GAX9429551

Mwanaumo Anthony The effects ofmaiu marketing policy reforms in Zambia PhD Purdue U 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501742

Nichola Tennassie The adoption of hybrid sorghum at the farm and regional levels in the Gezira irrigated scheme of Sudan PhD Purdue 0 1994 DA55A2497 GAX9501744

Rogers William Scott Sudanese resistance to economic adjustment A general equilibrium analysis of the 19811982 standby arrangement and altemativeadjustment strategies PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2493 GAX9333490

Simler Kenneth Richard Rural poverty and income sources of smallholder farmers A household economics analysis with panel data from northern Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 374pp DA55A1339 GAX9427880

Sipula F Kapola Reforms of the maize market system in Zambia Issues ofprice and market policies cooperatives and interprovincial transportation PhD Michigan State 0 1993 DA55A2077 GAX9431315

Somolekae Gloria Magotsha The environment ofsmall scale business and the informal sector in Botswana Constraints problems and prospects PhD Syracuse U 1994 DA55A2494 GAX9434011

Troutt Elizabeth S Rural African land markets and access to agricultural land The central region of Uganda PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 376pp DA55A1641 GAX9419588

Vignikin Kokou Dynamique des systemes de production agricole et ajustement socioUmographique des menages Le cas des agriculteurs Ewe du sud-Togo PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2497 NN89015

Education

Ambrose Rebeiro Amelia A curriculum on Cape Verde Ed D 0 of MassachusettsI994 DA55A2257 GAX9434446

Ashley Dominic Tarlton Bureaucratic barriers and constraints to the utilization of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agriculture in Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1786 GAX9423840

Bilal Said Gharib A constructivist model for teaching concepts of floatation to inservice science teachers at NTTC - Zanzibar [Tanzania EdD Columbia U 1994 DA55A1805 GAX9432495

i

Boahene Frank Kwaku Inquiry on human resource development in Africa An exploratory case study of technicaloocational education and training in Ghana PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2357 NN88995

Bundu Seikor Tengbeh Peter Alternative propositions in agriculture IImplicationsfor program development in primary schooling in Sierra Leone Ed D Temple U 1994 DA55A2259 GAX9434654 I

iGhunney Joseph Kow African spiritual UX1rld-view Its impact on t alcohol and other drug use by senior secondary school students in Ghana IPhD Loyola Coll - Maryland 1994 DA55A1827 GAX9422903

t

Gottesman Leslie David Praxis and promise Hermeneutics of literacy in the Eritrean revolution EdD 0 of San Francisco 1994 328pp DA55A1171 GAX9426931

Guedegbe Corbin Michel The professorate and academic life in Africa A case study ofthe academic profession at Benin National University PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 261pp DA55A1483 GAX9429805

Kabore Benoit La famille Burkinabeface au cheminement scolaire de leieve de lenseignement secondaire general public PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2231 NN89086

Kamdem Edouard Valeurs culturelles et alphabetisation au Cameroun PhDo de Montreal 1993 DA55A2266 NN89078

Kamwenubusa Marthe Utilisation des apprentissages relatifs ala nutrition par les Burundaises du Centre de Sante de Musaga [Burundi PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A1877 NN88926

Kilo Margaret Hilda Family support for education Explaining differences in academic performance in Cameroon PhD Stanford 0 1994 DA55A1898 GAX9429952

Mahillet Ange Etude descriptive de la perception des professeurs des lydes professionnels de Cote dIvoire concernant leur formation pedagogique de 1976 it 1990 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2267 NN89101

Majeke Abnerson Moyisi Sandile The 1976 Soweto uprisings Education law and the language issue in South Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2342 GAX9433656

Maliwichi Lucy Lynn A study of women income-generating groups in Malawi PhD Cornell U 1994 294pp DA55A1453 GAX9429307

Ndecki Prosper A Climat organisationnel et satisfaction au travail dans les ecoles professionnelles du Senegal PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2295 NN89071

Ndubuike Darlington I Rituals of identity Examining the cultural context of the art ofthe African native with implications for multi-cultural and cross-cultural discipline-based art education [Nigeria EdD 0 of Houston 1994 DA55AI801 GAX9431024

Ngabaye Ronelyam umguage of instruction and social access in francophone Africa PhD U of Pittsburgh 1994 DA55A1855 GAX9431302

AprilJune 1995

Nowa-Phlri Meria Damalisy Educational leadership An examination of issues andfactors that promote and hinder utilization ofAfrican W071Ie1l in education leadership positions Ed D V of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2238 GAX9434516

Opoku-Debrah Kwesi Local knawledge offarmers in Ghana Implications for extension and sustainable development programs PhD Cornell u 1994 212pp DA55A1174 GAX9427909

Sadki Cherif A comparative analysis ofFrench and American governmental bilateral aid to African education A study of the policies from 1960-1980 PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 214pp DA55A1473 GAX9429850

Sidikou Maman Sarnbo Adult education and the cross-cultural transfer of innovation A critical analysis ofthe rural organizations development policy in Niger PhD Florida State u 1994 DA55A2252 GAX9434118

Stuebing Kathleen Winger Educational and religioUS factors in maternal verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia EdD Harvard V 1994 DA55A1902 GAX9432437

Titanji Fon Peter Job satisfaction among public secondaryhigh school teachers in Cameroon EdD U of Lowell 1994 DA55A1781 GAX9430337

Vanden Berg Owen Christian Inrwvation under apartheid Collaborative action research in a South African university PhD Washington V 1994 DA55A2351 GAX9433549

Environmental Sciences

Oni Richard Bolade Project demonstrating excellence A review of factors influencing the distribution of health care personnel between rural and urban areas ofKwara State Nigeria PhD Vnion Institute 1994 110pp DA55B1788 GAX9427372

Fine Arts

Swelirn Muharnad Tarek Nabil The mosque of Ibn Tulun A new perspective [Egypt] PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2190 GAX9500145

Geography

Boberg Jill Ann Efficiency and competitiveness in developing country woodJueI markets A case study oj Tanzania PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 285pp DA55A1354 GAX9427505

Lelo Francis Kibuba Humanization ofWildlife management A case study of01 Donyo Sabuk National Park Kenya PhD Clark V 1994 DA55A20 GAX9431433

Health Sciences

Barlow Sheila Barnable The fertility transition in Kenya The role of demand supply and regulation costs as determinants of contraception use in married fecund women DrPH V of Pittsburgh 1994 201pp DA55B1819 GAX9426705

Feldblurn Paul J Condom and spermicide use and the incidence of HIV infection [Zambia PhD V of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994

AprilJune 1995

lpp DA55B2177 GAX9429412

Huston Sara L Factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertropy in Nigerian civil seroants PhD V of Pittsburgh 1993 287pp DA55B1820 GAX9426694

Narnate Dorothy Elizabeth The cost of registered nurse-midwifery education and enrolled nurse-midWifery education in MaIaWi central Africa PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 195pp DA55B1792 GAX9427586

Ohambe Ornanyondo Practices ofZairian women related tofeeding infants and children under two years PhD U of Illinois at Chicago 1994 168pp DA55B1806 GAX9426521

History

Addo Ebenezer ObirL Kwame Nkrumah A case study oj religion and politics in Ghana PhD Drew V 1994 DA55A2103 GAX9432943

Arnoafo Sampson Interest rate policies and financial market fragmentation in LDCs The case oj Ghana PhD V of Denver 1994 DA55A2257 GAX9432605

Bivens Mary Wren Women ecology and Islam in the making ofmodern Hausa cultural history [Niger Nigeria] PhD Michigan State U 1994 DA55A2104 GAX9431214

Djibo Mamoudou Les transformation politiques au Niger 1958-1960 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2104 NN88865

Gao Zheng Paving a way to Eldorado Roads railways and political economy in Matabeleland 1888-1914 [Zimbabwe] PhD Yale u 1994 326pp DA55A1659 GAX9428285

Johnson Rosa Lee A portrait ofal-Jazair A study of eighteenth century AI-Jazair based on a lamplDL from the BaJtt ai-Mal for the years 1772-1773 [Libya] PhD V of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 240pp DA55A1362 GAX9419131

Mariscotti Cathlyn Consent and resistance The history ojupper and middle class Egyptian W071Ie1l reflected through their published journals 1925-1939 PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2535 GAX9434705

Ndege Peter Odhiambo Struggles for the market The political economy ofcommodity production and trade in Western Kenya 1929-1939 PhD West Virginia u 1993 326pp DA55A1359 GAX9426419

Okafor Victor Oguejiofor Leadership and political integration in Africa An Afrocentric case study of Nigeria PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434717

Richards Yevette My passionate feeling about Africa Maida Springer-Kemp and the American labor movement PhD Yale u 1994 957pp DA55A1659 GAX9428307

Simpson George Lawrence Jr On the frontiers ojempire British administration in Kenyas Northern Frontier District 1905-1935 PhD West Virginia u 1994 700pp DA55A1659 GAX9427991

Skon-Jedele Nancy Joan Aigyptiaka H A catalogue oj Egyptian and

Egyptianizing objects excavated from Greek archaeological sites ca

=

1100-525 BC with historical cammentary PhD U of Pennsylvania 1994 2887pp DA55A1356 GAX9427615

Suleiman Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad The historical basis of Sudans refugee problem 1900-present A critical reading into the pcrwer structure state and society in the Sudan PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434747

Ukpanah Ime John Yearning to be free Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South Africa PhD U of Houston 1993 380pp DA55A1659 GAX9428971

Von Eschen Penny Marie African Americans and anti-colonialism 1937-1957 The rise andfall of the politics of the African diaspora PhD Columbia U 1994 400pp DA55A1673 GAX9427157

Wolde-Mariam Tekalign A city and its hinterlands The political econamy ofland tenure agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1887-1974) PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2525 GAX9434239

Language

Bekerie Ayele Ethiopic History principles and influences ofan African writing system PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2362 GAX9434649

Belazi Noura Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects PhD Cornell u 1993 DA55A1928 GAX9406138

Dunigan Melynda B On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal] PhD U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 314pp DA55A1545 GAX9429406

Kamarah Sheikh Urnarr Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Temne A lexicalist approach Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1931 GAX9423848

Kamel Abdulaziz Mustafa A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic PhD Georgetown u 1993 271pp DA55A1254 GAX9424483

Rugemalira Josephat Muhozi Runyambo verb extension and constraints on predicate structure PhD U of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A1934 GAX9430661

Sherer Tim D Prosodicphonotactics West Africa] PhD U of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2370 GAX9434532

Tshlsungu Jose Tshisungu Wa Analyse linguistique de marqueurs conversationnels en Swahili PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2370 NN88991

Law

Okaru Valentina Onyem Effective institutional and legal means of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage Nigerian and United States experience JSD Stanford U 1994 302pp DA55A1674 GAX9429887

Literature

Burch Julia Frances Sink or swim Shipwreck narratives survival tales

bull

If I I

fand postcultural subjectivity PhD U of Michigan 1994 DA55A2377 GAX9500890 i

Gavioli Davida In search of the mothers lost voice Mariama Bas Une si longue IeUre Francesca Sanvitales Madre efiglia and Amy Tans fThe loy Luck Club Senega PhD Pennsylvania State U 1994 240pp DA55A1552 GAX9428101 I

I

I McGuire James Reed Narrating the Mande West African identity production and the Mande francophone novel PhD Northwestern U I 1994 DA55A2386 GAX9433888 I McKinney Mark Keith Maghrebi-French fiction An emergent literature PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1980 GAX9501397

McKoy Sheila Smith Riot Episodes of racialized violence in African and African American culture South Africa PhD Duke U 1994 DA55A2392 GAX9500505

Mekerta Soraya Martine Mektoub or written on the sand Une pottique nomade de linscription et de Ieffacement (Algeria) PhD U of Minnesota 1994 DA55A1950 GAX9433085

Niandou Aissata Madize Marginalized feminist discourses The black womans wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala Simone Schwarz-Barl and Toni Morrison Cameroon] PhD Pennsylvania State u 1994 DA55A2379 GAX9428170

Scott Pauline Marie Writing rewriting and unwriting the Renaissance Constructing otherness in Ariostos Orlando Furloso Shakespeares Othello Woolfs Orlando and Salihs Season of Migration to the North Sudan] PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 DA55A1943 GAX9430151

Strong-Leek Linda McNeely Excising the spiritual physical and psychological self An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Nwapa Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Alice Walker PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55A1951 GAX9431321

Tay ko Dolores Gail Narratives ofexile Doris Lessings The Golden Notebook and Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits and Eva Luna Zimbabwe] PhD Indiana U of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1944 GAX9433791 I

1

Vulor Ena Cecilia The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus Re-reading Lttranger La Peste LExil et Ie Royaume from a colonial perspective PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1984 GAX9501326

Mass Communications

Anyaegbunam Chike Bolekaja intellectualism The genesis of syncretistic model building in communicationJor development in Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2192 GAX9433598

Maepa Linda Nhlapo Television in Swaziland An ethnographic study of seven Swazi families PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433655

Masilela Sipho Themba B Communication strategies for cammunity participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts The case oJKibwezi Kenya PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433659

AprilJune 1995

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

i

-----It

I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

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Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

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Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

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Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

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Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States 8th edition Paperbound 170 pp ISBN 0-918456-69-X $20

Index to the African Studies ReviewBulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell compiler Paperbound 227 PP ISBN 0002-0206 $7

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Nowa-Phlri Meria Damalisy Educational leadership An examination of issues andfactors that promote and hinder utilization ofAfrican W071Ie1l in education leadership positions Ed D V of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2238 GAX9434516

Opoku-Debrah Kwesi Local knawledge offarmers in Ghana Implications for extension and sustainable development programs PhD Cornell u 1994 212pp DA55A1174 GAX9427909

Sadki Cherif A comparative analysis ofFrench and American governmental bilateral aid to African education A study of the policies from 1960-1980 PhD State U of New York at Buffalo 1994 214pp DA55A1473 GAX9429850

Sidikou Maman Sarnbo Adult education and the cross-cultural transfer of innovation A critical analysis ofthe rural organizations development policy in Niger PhD Florida State u 1994 DA55A2252 GAX9434118

Stuebing Kathleen Winger Educational and religioUS factors in maternal verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia EdD Harvard V 1994 DA55A1902 GAX9432437

Titanji Fon Peter Job satisfaction among public secondaryhigh school teachers in Cameroon EdD U of Lowell 1994 DA55A1781 GAX9430337

Vanden Berg Owen Christian Inrwvation under apartheid Collaborative action research in a South African university PhD Washington V 1994 DA55A2351 GAX9433549

Environmental Sciences

Oni Richard Bolade Project demonstrating excellence A review of factors influencing the distribution of health care personnel between rural and urban areas ofKwara State Nigeria PhD Vnion Institute 1994 110pp DA55B1788 GAX9427372

Fine Arts

Swelirn Muharnad Tarek Nabil The mosque of Ibn Tulun A new perspective [Egypt] PhD Harvard V 1994 DA55A2190 GAX9500145

Geography

Boberg Jill Ann Efficiency and competitiveness in developing country woodJueI markets A case study oj Tanzania PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 285pp DA55A1354 GAX9427505

Lelo Francis Kibuba Humanization ofWildlife management A case study of01 Donyo Sabuk National Park Kenya PhD Clark V 1994 DA55A20 GAX9431433

Health Sciences

Barlow Sheila Barnable The fertility transition in Kenya The role of demand supply and regulation costs as determinants of contraception use in married fecund women DrPH V of Pittsburgh 1994 201pp DA55B1819 GAX9426705

Feldblurn Paul J Condom and spermicide use and the incidence of HIV infection [Zambia PhD V of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994

AprilJune 1995

lpp DA55B2177 GAX9429412

Huston Sara L Factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertropy in Nigerian civil seroants PhD V of Pittsburgh 1993 287pp DA55B1820 GAX9426694

Narnate Dorothy Elizabeth The cost of registered nurse-midwifery education and enrolled nurse-midWifery education in MaIaWi central Africa PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 195pp DA55B1792 GAX9427586

Ohambe Ornanyondo Practices ofZairian women related tofeeding infants and children under two years PhD U of Illinois at Chicago 1994 168pp DA55B1806 GAX9426521

History

Addo Ebenezer ObirL Kwame Nkrumah A case study oj religion and politics in Ghana PhD Drew V 1994 DA55A2103 GAX9432943

Arnoafo Sampson Interest rate policies and financial market fragmentation in LDCs The case oj Ghana PhD V of Denver 1994 DA55A2257 GAX9432605

Bivens Mary Wren Women ecology and Islam in the making ofmodern Hausa cultural history [Niger Nigeria] PhD Michigan State U 1994 DA55A2104 GAX9431214

Djibo Mamoudou Les transformation politiques au Niger 1958-1960 PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2104 NN88865

Gao Zheng Paving a way to Eldorado Roads railways and political economy in Matabeleland 1888-1914 [Zimbabwe] PhD Yale u 1994 326pp DA55A1659 GAX9428285

Johnson Rosa Lee A portrait ofal-Jazair A study of eighteenth century AI-Jazair based on a lamplDL from the BaJtt ai-Mal for the years 1772-1773 [Libya] PhD V of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 240pp DA55A1362 GAX9419131

Mariscotti Cathlyn Consent and resistance The history ojupper and middle class Egyptian W071Ie1l reflected through their published journals 1925-1939 PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2535 GAX9434705

Ndege Peter Odhiambo Struggles for the market The political economy ofcommodity production and trade in Western Kenya 1929-1939 PhD West Virginia u 1993 326pp DA55A1359 GAX9426419

Okafor Victor Oguejiofor Leadership and political integration in Africa An Afrocentric case study of Nigeria PhD Temple u 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434717

Richards Yevette My passionate feeling about Africa Maida Springer-Kemp and the American labor movement PhD Yale u 1994 957pp DA55A1659 GAX9428307

Simpson George Lawrence Jr On the frontiers ojempire British administration in Kenyas Northern Frontier District 1905-1935 PhD West Virginia u 1994 700pp DA55A1659 GAX9427991

Skon-Jedele Nancy Joan Aigyptiaka H A catalogue oj Egyptian and

Egyptianizing objects excavated from Greek archaeological sites ca

=

1100-525 BC with historical cammentary PhD U of Pennsylvania 1994 2887pp DA55A1356 GAX9427615

Suleiman Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad The historical basis of Sudans refugee problem 1900-present A critical reading into the pcrwer structure state and society in the Sudan PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434747

Ukpanah Ime John Yearning to be free Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South Africa PhD U of Houston 1993 380pp DA55A1659 GAX9428971

Von Eschen Penny Marie African Americans and anti-colonialism 1937-1957 The rise andfall of the politics of the African diaspora PhD Columbia U 1994 400pp DA55A1673 GAX9427157

Wolde-Mariam Tekalign A city and its hinterlands The political econamy ofland tenure agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1887-1974) PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2525 GAX9434239

Language

Bekerie Ayele Ethiopic History principles and influences ofan African writing system PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2362 GAX9434649

Belazi Noura Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects PhD Cornell u 1993 DA55A1928 GAX9406138

Dunigan Melynda B On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal] PhD U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 314pp DA55A1545 GAX9429406

Kamarah Sheikh Urnarr Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Temne A lexicalist approach Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1931 GAX9423848

Kamel Abdulaziz Mustafa A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic PhD Georgetown u 1993 271pp DA55A1254 GAX9424483

Rugemalira Josephat Muhozi Runyambo verb extension and constraints on predicate structure PhD U of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A1934 GAX9430661

Sherer Tim D Prosodicphonotactics West Africa] PhD U of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2370 GAX9434532

Tshlsungu Jose Tshisungu Wa Analyse linguistique de marqueurs conversationnels en Swahili PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2370 NN88991

Law

Okaru Valentina Onyem Effective institutional and legal means of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage Nigerian and United States experience JSD Stanford U 1994 302pp DA55A1674 GAX9429887

Literature

Burch Julia Frances Sink or swim Shipwreck narratives survival tales

bull

If I I

fand postcultural subjectivity PhD U of Michigan 1994 DA55A2377 GAX9500890 i

Gavioli Davida In search of the mothers lost voice Mariama Bas Une si longue IeUre Francesca Sanvitales Madre efiglia and Amy Tans fThe loy Luck Club Senega PhD Pennsylvania State U 1994 240pp DA55A1552 GAX9428101 I

I

I McGuire James Reed Narrating the Mande West African identity production and the Mande francophone novel PhD Northwestern U I 1994 DA55A2386 GAX9433888 I McKinney Mark Keith Maghrebi-French fiction An emergent literature PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1980 GAX9501397

McKoy Sheila Smith Riot Episodes of racialized violence in African and African American culture South Africa PhD Duke U 1994 DA55A2392 GAX9500505

Mekerta Soraya Martine Mektoub or written on the sand Une pottique nomade de linscription et de Ieffacement (Algeria) PhD U of Minnesota 1994 DA55A1950 GAX9433085

Niandou Aissata Madize Marginalized feminist discourses The black womans wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala Simone Schwarz-Barl and Toni Morrison Cameroon] PhD Pennsylvania State u 1994 DA55A2379 GAX9428170

Scott Pauline Marie Writing rewriting and unwriting the Renaissance Constructing otherness in Ariostos Orlando Furloso Shakespeares Othello Woolfs Orlando and Salihs Season of Migration to the North Sudan] PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 DA55A1943 GAX9430151

Strong-Leek Linda McNeely Excising the spiritual physical and psychological self An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Nwapa Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Alice Walker PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55A1951 GAX9431321

Tay ko Dolores Gail Narratives ofexile Doris Lessings The Golden Notebook and Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits and Eva Luna Zimbabwe] PhD Indiana U of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1944 GAX9433791 I

1

Vulor Ena Cecilia The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus Re-reading Lttranger La Peste LExil et Ie Royaume from a colonial perspective PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1984 GAX9501326

Mass Communications

Anyaegbunam Chike Bolekaja intellectualism The genesis of syncretistic model building in communicationJor development in Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2192 GAX9433598

Maepa Linda Nhlapo Television in Swaziland An ethnographic study of seven Swazi families PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433655

Masilela Sipho Themba B Communication strategies for cammunity participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts The case oJKibwezi Kenya PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433659

AprilJune 1995

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

i

-----It

I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

ORDER FORM ASA Press lwcclltory Rcdllctioll Sale

(pleae turn th1gt plge to a lit of lle Item)

Payment ASA member discounts not applicable Personal orders must be accompanied by a check or money order payable in US dollars

Shipping All orders shipped 4th class surface mail (book rate) unless special arrangements and payments have been made Within US add $250 for the first item $050 for each additional item Outside US add $300 for the first item $100 for each additional item

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP

ISBN Title Otv Price

Posta2e and Handlin2

TOTAl

AprillJune 1995

---- ~----b __ __ __ ____ ____________________________ ASA Press Inventory Redllctiol1 Sale

So 11lt1llY lwoks so little sptlce Limitld timl ()nl~ - salt llHls Junl 15 1995

Discount of 20 on

Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

ors sale price bull $28

Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

Yoruba Popular Theatre Three Plays by the Oyin Adejobi Company Karin Barber and Bayo Ogundijo editors Paperbound 612 pp ISBN 0-918456-70-3 $35 sale price - $28

Discount of 30 on

Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 2 Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje editor Paperbound 316 pp ISBN 0-918456-64-9 $3500 sale price - $2450

Set of volumes 1 and 2 $95

Discount of 50 on

Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States 8th edition Paperbound 170 pp ISBN 0-918456-69-X $20

Index to the African Studies ReviewBulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell compiler Paperbound 227 PP ISBN 0002-0206 $7

ISSN 0278-2219 Mrican Studies Association Emory University Credit Union Building Atlanta GA 30322 tel (404) 329~410 fax (404) 329~433 e-mail africaernoryedu

Please turn to page 27 for order form

Ai Ii Marl TriDD OeDt of Political Science University of Wisconsin 401 North Hall Madison WI 53706

sale pricemiddot $60

sale price $10

sale price - $350

NON-PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE

PAID ATLANTAGA

PERMIT NO 1689

=

1100-525 BC with historical cammentary PhD U of Pennsylvania 1994 2887pp DA55A1356 GAX9427615

Suleiman Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad The historical basis of Sudans refugee problem 1900-present A critical reading into the pcrwer structure state and society in the Sudan PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2525 GAX9434747

Ukpanah Ime John Yearning to be free Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South Africa PhD U of Houston 1993 380pp DA55A1659 GAX9428971

Von Eschen Penny Marie African Americans and anti-colonialism 1937-1957 The rise andfall of the politics of the African diaspora PhD Columbia U 1994 400pp DA55A1673 GAX9427157

Wolde-Mariam Tekalign A city and its hinterlands The political econamy ofland tenure agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1887-1974) PhD Boston U 1995 DA55A2525 GAX9434239

Language

Bekerie Ayele Ethiopic History principles and influences ofan African writing system PhD Temple U 1994 DA55A2362 GAX9434649

Belazi Noura Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects PhD Cornell u 1993 DA55A1928 GAX9406138

Dunigan Melynda B On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal] PhD U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 314pp DA55A1545 GAX9429406

Kamarah Sheikh Urnarr Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Temne A lexicalist approach Sierra Leone PhD U of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 DA55A1931 GAX9423848

Kamel Abdulaziz Mustafa A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic PhD Georgetown u 1993 271pp DA55A1254 GAX9424483

Rugemalira Josephat Muhozi Runyambo verb extension and constraints on predicate structure PhD U of California Berkeley 1993 DA55A1934 GAX9430661

Sherer Tim D Prosodicphonotactics West Africa] PhD U of Massachusetts 1994 DA55A2370 GAX9434532

Tshlsungu Jose Tshisungu Wa Analyse linguistique de marqueurs conversationnels en Swahili PhD U de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2370 NN88991

Law

Okaru Valentina Onyem Effective institutional and legal means of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage Nigerian and United States experience JSD Stanford U 1994 302pp DA55A1674 GAX9429887

Literature

Burch Julia Frances Sink or swim Shipwreck narratives survival tales

bull

If I I

fand postcultural subjectivity PhD U of Michigan 1994 DA55A2377 GAX9500890 i

Gavioli Davida In search of the mothers lost voice Mariama Bas Une si longue IeUre Francesca Sanvitales Madre efiglia and Amy Tans fThe loy Luck Club Senega PhD Pennsylvania State U 1994 240pp DA55A1552 GAX9428101 I

I

I McGuire James Reed Narrating the Mande West African identity production and the Mande francophone novel PhD Northwestern U I 1994 DA55A2386 GAX9433888 I McKinney Mark Keith Maghrebi-French fiction An emergent literature PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1980 GAX9501397

McKoy Sheila Smith Riot Episodes of racialized violence in African and African American culture South Africa PhD Duke U 1994 DA55A2392 GAX9500505

Mekerta Soraya Martine Mektoub or written on the sand Une pottique nomade de linscription et de Ieffacement (Algeria) PhD U of Minnesota 1994 DA55A1950 GAX9433085

Niandou Aissata Madize Marginalized feminist discourses The black womans wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala Simone Schwarz-Barl and Toni Morrison Cameroon] PhD Pennsylvania State u 1994 DA55A2379 GAX9428170

Scott Pauline Marie Writing rewriting and unwriting the Renaissance Constructing otherness in Ariostos Orlando Furloso Shakespeares Othello Woolfs Orlando and Salihs Season of Migration to the North Sudan] PhD U of Wisconsin - Madison 1994 DA55A1943 GAX9430151

Strong-Leek Linda McNeely Excising the spiritual physical and psychological self An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Nwapa Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Alice Walker PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55A1951 GAX9431321

Tay ko Dolores Gail Narratives ofexile Doris Lessings The Golden Notebook and Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits and Eva Luna Zimbabwe] PhD Indiana U of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1944 GAX9433791 I

1

Vulor Ena Cecilia The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus Re-reading Lttranger La Peste LExil et Ie Royaume from a colonial perspective PhD Cornell U 1994 DA55A1984 GAX9501326

Mass Communications

Anyaegbunam Chike Bolekaja intellectualism The genesis of syncretistic model building in communicationJor development in Africa PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2192 GAX9433598

Maepa Linda Nhlapo Television in Swaziland An ethnographic study of seven Swazi families PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433655

Masilela Sipho Themba B Communication strategies for cammunity participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts The case oJKibwezi Kenya PhD U of Iowa 1994 DA55A2195 GAX9433659

AprilJune 1995

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

i

-----It

I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

ORDER FORM ASA Press lwcclltory Rcdllctioll Sale

(pleae turn th1gt plge to a lit of lle Item)

Payment ASA member discounts not applicable Personal orders must be accompanied by a check or money order payable in US dollars

Shipping All orders shipped 4th class surface mail (book rate) unless special arrangements and payments have been made Within US add $250 for the first item $050 for each additional item Outside US add $300 for the first item $100 for each additional item

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP

ISBN Title Otv Price

Posta2e and Handlin2

TOTAl

AprillJune 1995

---- ~----b __ __ __ ____ ____________________________ ASA Press Inventory Redllctiol1 Sale

So 11lt1llY lwoks so little sptlce Limitld timl ()nl~ - salt llHls Junl 15 1995

Discount of 20 on

Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

ors sale price bull $28

Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

Yoruba Popular Theatre Three Plays by the Oyin Adejobi Company Karin Barber and Bayo Ogundijo editors Paperbound 612 pp ISBN 0-918456-70-3 $35 sale price - $28

Discount of 30 on

Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 2 Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje editor Paperbound 316 pp ISBN 0-918456-64-9 $3500 sale price - $2450

Set of volumes 1 and 2 $95

Discount of 50 on

Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States 8th edition Paperbound 170 pp ISBN 0-918456-69-X $20

Index to the African Studies ReviewBulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell compiler Paperbound 227 PP ISBN 0002-0206 $7

ISSN 0278-2219 Mrican Studies Association Emory University Credit Union Building Atlanta GA 30322 tel (404) 329~410 fax (404) 329~433 e-mail africaernoryedu

Please turn to page 27 for order form

Ai Ii Marl TriDD OeDt of Political Science University of Wisconsin 401 North Hall Madison WI 53706

sale pricemiddot $60

sale price $10

sale price - $350

NON-PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE

PAID ATLANTAGA

PERMIT NO 1689

Zheng Zhong Social influence as a component of contextual effects A relations1974-1977 PhD Johns Hopkins D 1994 320pp study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire PhD D of Pennsylvania 1994 DA55A1684 GAX9429541 218pp DA55A1134 GAX9427641

Merom Gil Blood and conscience Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria PhD Cornell u 1994 DA55A2134 GAX9501321

Barbaro Cosmo Anthony A comparative study of West African drum Messone Nelson NoeL Japans foreign aid to Africa International and ensemble and the African American drum set PhD D of Pittsburgh domestic determinants PhD D of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2555 1993 222pp DA55A1134 GAX9426686 GAX9501960

Pillay Jayendran Music ritual and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali Musifiky Accumulation regulation and development The Africans PhD Wesleyan D 1994 DA55A1737 GAX9430995 k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992) PhD

Physical Sciences

Lynam Timothy Jan Philip Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe A systems approach PhD Michigan State u 1994 DA55B2990 GAX9431287

Political Science

Aouahchi M hammed Linfluence du capital etranger sur la dynamique des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988 PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2549 NN89105

Bellos Nondas South AfricaS democratic experiment Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheids rear guard PhD D of Colorado at Denver 1994 DA55A2563 GAX9503516

Cekan Jindra Monique Listening to ones clients A case study oj Malis famine early warning system--the Systeme dAlerte Precoce (SAP)--and rural producers PhD Fletcher Sch of Law amp Diplomacy (Tufts U) 1994 555pp DA55A1376 GAX9427331

Conroy Richard William Beyond Peacekeeping Strategies of United Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia PhD D of Notre Dame 1994 DA55A2551 GAX9434076

Dillman Bradford Louis The failure of Algerian development Dirigisme and the limits on state intervention in the private sector 1970middot1991 PhD Columbia D 1994 382pp DA55A1676 GAX9427056

EI-Hassan Orner El-Beshir Representative bureaucracy and public policy responsiveness in the Sudan PhD D of Mississippi 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9431564

Emizet Kisangani Francois The political economy ojstate disintegration The case of Zaire PhD U ofIowa 1994 DA55A2552 GAX9433622

Francois Isabelle Les relations militaires franco-africaines Persistance dun regime de securiU PhD D de Montreal (Can) 1991 DA55A2560 NN89095

Hoyt Paul DanieL US foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle East A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria PhD Ohio State u 1994 47Opp DA55AI684 GAX9427717

Ka Samba Rich entrepreneurs poor economies Smuggling activities in Senegambia PhDJohns Hopkins u 1994 267pp DA55A1679 GAX9429522

Lyons Terrence Patrick Reaction to revolution United States-Ethiopian

Northwestern u 1994 DA55A2557 GAX9433896

Nagpal Tanvi From household survival to nation building Institutional determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania PhD Brown u 1994 DA55A2129 GAX9433423

Ruiz-Ramon Frederic Depoliticization ofmilitary organization A theoretical framework policy implication and case studies oj France Spain Argentina and Nigeria PhD Harvard u 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500127

Snipe Tracy David The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal PhD Indiana D 1994 DA55A2558 GAX9500379

Speakman June Sager Congress and policy change The case ofAngola PhD City D of New York 1994 DA55A2132 GAX9431370

Spear Mary Elizabeth Societal influences and gauernmental responsiveness in policy communities Educational policy-making in Zimbabwe PhD D of Florida 1993 DA55A2132 GAX9432029

Yates Douglas Andrew The Rentier State in Gabon PhD Boston D 1994 DA55A2562 GAX9433496

Psychology

Juckes Tim J The individual-society connection Action and change in the lives oj Matthews Mandela and Biko [South Africa PhD Dalhousie U (Can) 1993 338pp DA55B2035 NN87467

Shaver Virginia Fry Too horrendousfor words Artumk ofchildren traumatized by political violence in South Africa PhD Dnion Institute 1993 359pp DA55B1995 GAX9423685

Religion

Bhebhe Stanley Makhosi The search for African Christian spirituality in Zimbabwe An examination oj religious change in a colonial context PhD Drew D 1994 DA55AI998 GAX9432946

Folaranmi James Olatoso The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its effects on the mission of the Christian Church in Nigeria D Miss Reformed Theological Seminary 1994 DA55A1999 GAX9432987

Sociology

Adu-Febiri Francis Tourism and Ghanas development process Problems ofand prospectsfor creating a viable middotpost-industrial service industry in a non- industrial society PhD D of British Columbia (Can)1994 DA55A2595 NN89325

_______________________ _ ______________ 111--------LmiddotC1-icimiddot---shy Q 4

i

-----It

I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

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Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

ors sale price bull $28

Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

Yoruba Popular Theatre Three Plays by the Oyin Adejobi Company Karin Barber and Bayo Ogundijo editors Paperbound 612 pp ISBN 0-918456-70-3 $35 sale price - $28

Discount of 30 on

Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 2 Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje editor Paperbound 316 pp ISBN 0-918456-64-9 $3500 sale price - $2450

Set of volumes 1 and 2 $95

Discount of 50 on

Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States 8th edition Paperbound 170 pp ISBN 0-918456-69-X $20

Index to the African Studies ReviewBulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell compiler Paperbound 227 PP ISBN 0002-0206 $7

ISSN 0278-2219 Mrican Studies Association Emory University Credit Union Building Atlanta GA 30322 tel (404) 329~410 fax (404) 329~433 e-mail africaernoryedu

Please turn to page 27 for order form

Ai Ii Marl TriDD OeDt of Political Science University of Wisconsin 401 North Hall Madison WI 53706

sale pricemiddot $60

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sale price - $350

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I Brown Joseph Winchester The effocts of husband-wife cammunication on contraceptive use in Egypt An examination of couple data PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2155 GAX9501346

Chessa Samuel Robert The use and spread of agricultural innovations among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District Kenya Issues in agricultural extension PhD U of New Brunswick (Can) 1992 DA55A2596 NN89310

Ghozzi Kamel The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran PhD V of Pennsylvania 1994 265pp DA55A1385 GAX9427541

Herzenni Ahmed The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco PhD V of Kentucky 1994 DA55A2596 GAX9501955

Mboup Cora Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF 1978) et enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS 1986) PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1993 DA55A2583 NN89039

Mebrahtu Saba B The relationships between cropping patterns maternal time use and child nutritional status in Kwara State Nigeria PhD Cornell V 1994 DA55A2162 GAX9501321

Nwabueze Nicholas Ikechukwu The leading sector approach to economic development A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela 1971-1990 PhD Michigan State V 1994 DA55A2173 GAX9431302

Traore Sadio Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve fSenegallSenegal amp Mauritania PhD V de Montreal (Can) 1992 DA55A2583 NN89037

Waiyaki Njeri Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural Kenya Being chosen PhD V of Alberta (Can) 1993 DA55A2165 NN88282

Theology

Audu Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye Factors which influence Christian conversion Ebira case study INigeria DMiss Reformed Theological Sem 1993 237pp DA55A1289 GAX9415532

Mante Joseph Obid Yeboah Towards an ecological Christian theology ofcreation in an African context PhD Claremont Graduate Sch 1994 DA55A2442 GAX9502336

Ritchie Ian African theology and social change An anthropological approach PhD McGill U (Can) 1993 249pp DA55AI604 NN87911

Urban and Regional Planning

Durosomo Emmanuel Babatunde The problem of unsustainable development International development projects and the environmental crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa PhD V of Delaware 1994 DA55A2600 GAX9500667

Zaghloul Mohamed Samy Saad The structure and dynamics of informal urban growth The Cairo urban region 1976-1986 [Egypt PhD

ORDER FORM ASA Press lwcclltory Rcdllctioll Sale

(pleae turn th1gt plge to a lit of lle Item)

Payment ASA member discounts not applicable Personal orders must be accompanied by a check or money order payable in US dollars

Shipping All orders shipped 4th class surface mail (book rate) unless special arrangements and payments have been made Within US add $250 for the first item $050 for each additional item Outside US add $300 for the first item $100 for each additional item

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP

ISBN Title Otv Price

Posta2e and Handlin2

TOTAl

AprillJune 1995

---- ~----b __ __ __ ____ ____________________________ ASA Press Inventory Redllctiol1 Sale

So 11lt1llY lwoks so little sptlce Limitld timl ()nl~ - salt llHls Junl 15 1995

Discount of 20 on

Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

ors sale price bull $28

Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

Yoruba Popular Theatre Three Plays by the Oyin Adejobi Company Karin Barber and Bayo Ogundijo editors Paperbound 612 pp ISBN 0-918456-70-3 $35 sale price - $28

Discount of 30 on

Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 2 Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje editor Paperbound 316 pp ISBN 0-918456-64-9 $3500 sale price - $2450

Set of volumes 1 and 2 $95

Discount of 50 on

Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States 8th edition Paperbound 170 pp ISBN 0-918456-69-X $20

Index to the African Studies ReviewBulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell compiler Paperbound 227 PP ISBN 0002-0206 $7

ISSN 0278-2219 Mrican Studies Association Emory University Credit Union Building Atlanta GA 30322 tel (404) 329~410 fax (404) 329~433 e-mail africaernoryedu

Please turn to page 27 for order form

Ai Ii Marl TriDD OeDt of Political Science University of Wisconsin 401 North Hall Madison WI 53706

sale pricemiddot $60

sale price $10

sale price - $350

NON-PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE

PAID ATLANTAGA

PERMIT NO 1689

---- ~----b __ __ __ ____ ____________________________ ASA Press Inventory Redllctiol1 Sale

So 11lt1llY lwoks so little sptlce Limitld timl ()nl~ - salt llHls Junl 15 1995

Discount of 20 on

Paths Toward the Past African Historical Essays in Honor ofJan Vansina Robert W Harms Joseph C Miller David S Newbury and Michele D Wagner editPaperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-72-X $35

ors sale price bull $28

Colonialism Health and Illness in French Equatorial Africa 1885-1935 by Rita Headrick (edited by Daniel R Headrick) Paperbound 495 pp ISBN 0-918456-71-1 $48 sale price - $3840

Yoruba Popular Theatre Three Plays by the Oyin Adejobi Company Karin Barber and Bayo Ogundijo editors Paperbound 612 pp ISBN 0-918456-70-3 $35 sale price - $28

Discount of 30 on

Pan-African Biography Robert A Hill editor Paperbound 232 pp ISBN 0-918456-59-2 $25 sale price - $1750

Conflict in the Horn ofAfrica Georges Nzongola-NtaIaja editor Paperbound 190 pp ISBN 0-918456-65-7 $15 sale price - $1050

21st-Century Africa Towards a New Vision ofSelf-Sustainable Development Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang editors Paperbound 330 pp ISBN 0-918456-67-3 $1695 sale price - $1187

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 1 A Festschrift presented to J H Kwabena Nketia Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and William G Carter editors Paperbound 351 pp ISBN 0-918456-62-2 $6000 sale price - $42

African Musicology Current Trends Volume 2 Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje editor Paperbound 316 pp ISBN 0-918456-64-9 $3500 sale price - $2450

Set of volumes 1 and 2 $95

Discount of 50 on

Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States 8th edition Paperbound 170 pp ISBN 0-918456-69-X $20

Index to the African Studies ReviewBulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell compiler Paperbound 227 PP ISBN 0002-0206 $7

ISSN 0278-2219 Mrican Studies Association Emory University Credit Union Building Atlanta GA 30322 tel (404) 329~410 fax (404) 329~433 e-mail africaernoryedu

Please turn to page 27 for order form

Ai Ii Marl TriDD OeDt of Political Science University of Wisconsin 401 North Hall Madison WI 53706

sale pricemiddot $60

sale price $10

sale price - $350

NON-PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE

PAID ATLANTAGA

PERMIT NO 1689