pigments - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · endogenous pigments autogenic pigments melanin –corpuscular...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PIGMENTS
P. Babál
ÚPA LFUK
![Page 2: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pigments= substances having own color
- soluble
- corpuscular (granules, crystals...)
- responsible for pigmentation of tissues/organs
Endogenous Exogenous=produced in the organism =introduced from environment
1. Autogenous 1. Through skin/mucosa
(melanin, lipofuscin, lipochrom, (traumatic, tatoo..., bacterial
in ochronosis, ceroid) fungi...)
2. Hemoglobinogenic 2. Through GIT (argyrosis)
(hemosiderin, hematoidin,
myoglobin, hemoglobin, 3. Through respiratory tract
bilirubin, porphyrins) Coniosis (anthracosis,siderosis)
3. Uncertain origin Coniofibrosis (SiO2, asbestos)
(melanosis coli) Coniotoxicosis, alergosis (Cu,
Va, Zn...)
![Page 3: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Endogenous pigments
Autogenic pigments
Melanin – corpuscular pigment
- formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin
melanocytes derived from neuroectoderm
- color of skin, hair, iris, retina, areas of high pigmentation
- synthetized from tyrosin by tyrosinase (dopaoxidase)
- regulated by MSH
- deposited in the basal layer of skin
Neuromelanin – yellowish-brown
- in catecholergic neurons (subst. nigra, locus coeruleus)
![Page 4: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Melanin
Hyperpigmentation
- local (melanodermia) – solar, gestational (chloasma), hormonal,
cosmetic (bergamot oil), chlorpromasin,
ephelides, café-au-lait
- diffuse – Addison disease (graphit spots – gingiva),
adrenal insuff. (tbc, lues, metastases...), cachexia
- local pigmented spots – lentigo, cafe au lait
![Page 5: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Melanin
Hypopigmentation
= pathological lack of pigment
- inborn – local, generalized (albinism)
OCA – oculocutaneous albinism
(autosomal recessive)
in Chediac-Higashi sy (defective granules -
- melanosomes formation)
- acquired – pigmentation defect – loss of melanocytes in
the skin – depigmentation = vitiligo
- local loss of pigmentation after skin disease
(psoriasis, lues) = leukoderma
![Page 6: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lipofuscin – brown pigment accumulating in cells of CNS,
liver, muscle, adrenals...
- derives from membrane constituents
- increasing with age, in atrophy
Lipochrom – yellowish – adipous tissue – carotens (exogenous)
Ochronosis – tyrosin – homogentic ac. – urine, cartilage (brown)
Ceroid - lysosomal pigment from fatty acids
![Page 7: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Endogenous pigments
Hemoglobinogenic pigments-splitting process of hemoglobin from Er hemolysis
- extravascular (hemorrhage, hemorrhagic
infarcts, infarceration, inflammations...)
... Bilirubin – yellow around hematoma
... Hemosiderin – in Mf, complex with lipoproteins+Fe
(siderophages – lungs, bone m., spleen...)
... Hematin, hematoidin – Hb oxidation in low pH (dark)
centers of large hematomas, stomach
- intravascular (hemolytic anemia, transfusion,
hemolytic toxins, saponins)
![Page 8: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hemoglobinemia – quick hemolysis ... hemoglobinemia,
Hb – urine ... Nephrosis
-mechanically – valve prosthesis, marching,
-osmotic – distiled water administration
-toxic – saponins, glycerine, bacterial toxins, ...
-immunologic – autoimmune, complement
Hemosiderosis – consequence of repeated or lasting hemolysis
- hemosiderin deposition in Mf, liver, spleen
- reactive fibrosis
Hemochromatosis – increased absorption Fe in duodenum
- deposition in pancreas (bras diabetes), cirrhosis, salivary
glands, plexus chorioideus
Hyperbilirubinemia – yellow skin, mucosas, sclera
= icterus
![Page 9: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Icterus-bilirubin in serum
Dynamic icterus – hemolytic, extrahepatal ...excessive formation of
nonconjugated bilirubin by hemolysis
–– bile normaly flows into duodenum
-infectious diseases (sepsis), hemolytic toxins, antibody mediated
(fetal erythroblastosis), autoimmune diseases, resorption of
large hematomas, ...
= flavine icterus (yellowish green)
Hepatotoxic icterus – (hepatocellular) ...damage to liver parenchyma
- impared conjugation and excretion of billirubin into bile
...acute/chronic hepatitis, leptospirosis, yellow feever, hepatotoxins,
medicines,
= rubine icterus (yellowish orange)
![Page 10: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Obstruction icterus – (mechanical)
-blockage of intrahepatic/extrahepatic bile ducts
(tu pancreas, LN, parasites, congenital atresion, autoimmune...)
... resorption of accumulated bile – conjugated billirubin
acholic intestinal content, normal urine
Long lasting process – cholestatic cirrhosis, cholemic nephrosis
= verdine icterus (greenish) + itching, pruritus
Porphyria-congenital enzymopathy – accumulation of porphyrins (from pyrols)
- defect of decarboxylation of porphyrins
Hepatal form – usually acute course, chronic form =
= porphyria curtanea tarda (bullous disease)
= liver cirrhosis
Erythropoietic form – defective metabolism of erythroblasts in BM
= bullous dermatitis, photosensitive skin
![Page 11: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Exogenous pigments
Skin and mucosatraumatic tatoo – dust, pigments at accidents, miners
decorative tatoo – china ink
siderosis – around iron fragments (skin siderosis)
microbial stains – P. aeruginosa (blue), Aspergilus f. (green)
GITSome metals and their salts
argyrosis – silver from medication, amalgam
chrysocyanosis – colloid Au
![Page 12: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Respiratory tract< 5 um ... lung alveoli
> 5 um ... caught in air ways
Simple conioses- biologically inactive, insoluble, not resorptive
Anthracosis – most frequent – amorphous carbon (soot, coal,
smoke, tabakism...)
- may limit lymph flow from lungs (complication in inflammation)
Siderosis – professional exposition (paper mill, mechanics, welding...)
Tabacosis – tabacco dust (brown lung, little pathology)
![Page 13: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Coniofibrosis- coniosis accompanied by fibrosis
Silicosis – SiO2
-most serious professional disease
=SiO2 phagocyted in alveoli, release of lysozomal enzymes -
- damage to tissue, reparatory fibrosis
Silicosis - reticular stage
- nodular stage
- diffuse fibrosis
... overload of right heart, heart failure; familial predisposition
![Page 14: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: PIGMENTS - zona.fmed.uniba.sk · Endogenous pigments Autogenic pigments Melanin –corpuscular pigment - formed in melanosome (organelle), ...oculocutaneous melanin melanocytes derived](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022033118/5d5c14ec88c993bd778b4c07/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Coniofibrosis- coniosis accompanied by fibrosis
Asbestosis
- fibrosis, asbestos (ferruginous) bodies
- adenoCa
- mesothelioma.
Aluminosis
Beryliosis