pil cases after midterms 1

8/12/2019 Pil Cases After Midterms 1

1/24

G.R. No. L-46930 June 10, 1988

DALE SANDERS, AND A.S. MOREAU, JR

vs.

HON. REGINO T. VERIDIANO IIFACTS:Petitioner Saner! "a! t#e !$e%ia& !er'i%e! ire%tor o( t#e ).S. Na'a& Station. Petitioner *oreau "a! t#e%o++anin o((io( t#e Sui% Na'a& a!e. Pri'ate re!$onent Ro!!i i! an A+eri%an %iti/en "it# $er+anent re!ien%e int#e P#i&i$$ine!.

Pri'ate re!$onent Ro!!i an er "ere ot# e+$&oe a! a+e roo+ attenant! in t#e !$e%ia& !er'i%e!e$art+ent o( t#e NA2STA.n%toer 3, 195, t#e $ri'ate re!$onent! "ere a'i!e t#at t#eir e+$&o+ent #a een %on'erte (ro+ $er+anent(u&&-t i+e to $er+an$art-t i+e. T#e in!titute rie'an%e $ro%eein! to t#e ru&e! an reu&a tion! o( t#e ).S. e$art+ent o( e(en!e. T#e #earin o((re%o++ene (or rein!tate+ent o( t#eir $er+anent (u&&-ti+e !tatu!.7o"e'er, in a &etter are!!e to $etitioner *oreau, Saner! i!ar"it# t#e #earin o((i%er! re$ort. T#e &etter%ontaine t#e !tate+ent! t#at: a *r. Ro!!i ten! to a&ienate +o!t %o-"or;er! an!u$er'i!or!


2/24

United States of Ameria vs. G!into

182 SCRA 644

"A#TS$ T#e!e %a!e! #a'e een %on!o&iate e%au!e t#e a&& in'o&'e t#e o%trine o( !tate i++unit. n GR No. 660, t#e $ri'atere!$onent! are !uin !e'era& o((i%er! o( t#e )S Air For%e !tatione in C&ar; Air a!e in %onne%tion "it# t#e iin %onu%te t#e

(or %ontra%t! (or arerin !er'i%e! in t#e !ai a!e.

n GR No. 940, Faian Geno'e (i&e a %o+$&aint (or a+ae! aain!t $etitioner! La+a%#ia, e&!a, Carta&&a an ra!%ion (or #i!i!+i!!a& a! %oo; in t#e )S Air For%e Re%reation Center at Ca+$ Jo#n 7a Air Station in auio Cit. t #a een a!%ertaine a(terin'e!tiation, (ro+ t#e te!ti+on o( e&!a, Carta&&a an ra!%ion, t#at Geno'e #a $oure urine into t#e !ou$ !to%; u!e in %oo;in t#'eeta&e! !er'e to t#e %&u %u!to+er!. La+a%#ia, a! %&u +anaer, !u!$ene #i+ an t#erea(ter re(erre t#e %a!e to a oar o(aritrator! %on(or+a& to t#e %o&&e%ti'e arainin aree+ent et"een t#e %enter an it! e+$&oee!. T#e oar unani+ou!& (oun #iui&t an re%o++ene #i! i!+i!!a&. Geno'eE! rea%tion "a! to (i&e #i! %o+$&aint aain!t t#e ini'iua& $etitioner!.

n GR No. 80018, Lui! auti!ta, "#o "a! e+$&oe a! a arra%;! o in Cano E onne&&, an e>ten!ion o( C&ar; Air a!, "a! arre!te(o&&o"in a u-u!t o$eration %onu%te t#e ini'iua& $etitioner! "#o are o((i%er! o( t#e )S Air For%e an !$e%ia& aent! o( t#e AFor%e ((i%e o( S$e%ia& n'e!tiator!. n t#e a!i! o( t#e !"orn !tate+ent! +ae t#e+, an in(or+ation (or 'io&ation o( R.A. 645,ot#er"i!e ;no"n a! t#e anerou! ru! A%t, "a! (i&e aain!t auti!ta in t#e RTC o( Tar&a%. Sai o((i%er! te!ti(ie aain!t #i+ at #i!tria&. auti!ta "a! i!+i!!e (ro+ #i! e+$&o+ent. 7e t#en (i&e a %o+$&aint aain!t t#e ini'iua& $etitioner! %&ai+in t#at it "a! e%o( t#eir a%t! t#at #e "a! re+o'e.

n GR No. 8058, a %o+$&aint (or a+ae! "a! (i&e t#e $ri'ate re!$onent! aain!t t#e #erein $etitioner! =e>%e$t t#e )S, (or in?ur!u!taine t#e $&ainti((! a! a re!u&t o( t#e a%t! o( t#e e(enant!. T#ere i! a %on(&i%t o( (a%tua& a&&eation! #ere. A%%orin to t#e $&aint#e e(enant! eat t#e+ u$, #an%u((e t#e+ an un&ea!#e o! on t#e+ "#i%# it t#e+ in !e'era& $art! o( t#eir oie! an %au!ee>ten!i'e in?urie! to t#e+. T#e e(enant! en t#i! an %&ai+ t#at $&ainti((! "ere arre!te (or t#e(t an "ere itten t#e o! e%au!t#e "ere !tru&in an re!i!tin arre!t. n a +otion to i!+i!! t#e %o+$&aint, t#e )S an t#e ini'iua&& na+e e(enant! arue t#t#e !uit "a! in e((e%t a !uit aain!t t#e )S, "#i%# #a not i'en it! %on!ent to e !ue.

ISSUE$#et#er t#e e(enant! "ere a&!o i++une (ro+ !uit uner t#e RP-)S a!e! Treat (or a%t! one t#e+ in t#e $er(or+an%et#eir o((i%ia& utie!.

HELD$T#e ru&e t#at a State +a not e !ue "it#out it! %on!ent i! one o( t#e enera&& a%%e$te $rin%i$&e! o( internationa& &a" t#at "

#a'e ao$te a! $art o( t#e &a" o( our &an. B'en "it#out !u%# a((ir+ation, "e "ou& !ti&& e oun t#e enera&& a%%e$te $rin%i$&einternationa& &a" uner t#e o%trine o( in%or$oration. )ner t#i! o%trine, a! a%%e$te t#e +a?orit o( t#e !tate!, !u%# $rin%i$&e! areee+e in%or$orate in t#e &a" o( e'er %i'i&i/e !tate a! a %onition an %on!e@uen%e o( it! +e+er!#i$ in t#e !o%iet o( nation!. A&&!tate! are !o'erein e@ua&! an %annot a!!ert ?uri!i%tion o'er one anot#er.

#i&e t#e o%trine a$$ear! to $ro#iit on& !uit! aain!t t#e !tate "it#out it! %on!ent, it i! a&!o a$$&i%a&e to %o+$&aint! (i&e aain!to((i%ia&! o( t#e !tate! (or a%t! a&&ee& $er(or+e t#e+ in t#e i!%#are o( t#eir utie!. T#e ru&e i! t#at i( t#e ?u+ent aain!t !u%#o((i%ia&! "i&& re@uire t#e !tate it!e&( to $er(or+ an a((ir+ati'e a%t to !ati!( t#e !a+e, t#e !uit +u!t e reare a! aain!t t#e !tate a&t#oit #a! not een (or+a&& i+$&eae.

#en t#e o'ern+ent enter! into a %ontra%t, it i! ee+e to #a'e e!%ene to t#e &e'e& o( t#e ot#er %ontra%tin $art an i'e!te o( i!o'erein i++unit (ro+ !uit "it# it! i+$&ie %on!ent. n t#e %a!e o )S, t#e %u!to+ar &a" o( internationa& &a" on !tate i++unit i!e>$re!!e "it# +ore !$e%i(i%it in t#e RP-)S a!e! Treat. T#ere i! no @ue!tion t#at t#e )S, &i;e an ot#er !tate, "i&& e ee+e to #a

i+$&ie& "ai'e it! non-!uai&it i( it #a! entere into a %ontra%t in it! $ro$rietor or $ri'ate %a$a%it. t i! on& "#en t#e %ontra%tin'o&'e! it! !o'erein or o'ern+enta& %a$a%it t#at no !u%# "ai'er +a e i+$&ie.

t i! %&ear (ro+ a !tu o( t#e re%or! o( GR No. 80018 t#at t#e $etitioner! t#erein "ere a%tin in t#e e>er%i!e o( t#eir o((i%ia& (un%tion!"#en t#e %onu%te t#e u-u!t o$eration! aain!t t#e %o+$&ainant an t#erea(ter te!ti(ie aain!t #i+ at #i! tria&. t (o&&o"! t#at (ori!%#arin t#eir utie! a! aent! o( t#e )S, t#e %annot e ire%t& i+$&eae (or a%t! i+$uta&e to t#eir $rin%i$a&, "#i%# #a! not i'e%on!ent to e !ue.

A! (or GR No. 80018, t#e re%or i! too +eaer to ini%ate "#at rea&& #a$$ene. T#e neee in@uir (ir!t e +ae t#e &o"er %ourt !+a a!!e!! an re!o&'e t#e %on(&i%tin %&ai+! o( t#e $artie! on t#e a!i! o( e'ien%e t#at #a! et to e $re!ente at t#e tria&.
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3/24

VI#ENTE %. #HUIDIAN,petitioner, vs. SANDIGAN%A&AN '"ift( Division) and t(e

RE*U%LI# O" THE *HILI**INES, respondents.

B C S N

DNARBS-SANTAG,J.:

T#e in!tant $etition ari!e! (ro+ tran!a%tion! t#at "ere entere into t#e o'ern+ent in t#e $enu&ti+ate a! o( *ar%o! a+ini!tration. Petitioner 2i%ente . C#uiian "a! a&&ee to e a u++ or no+inee o( Ferinan an+e&a *ar%o! in !e'era& %o+$anie! !ai to #a'e een i&&ea&& a%@uire t#e *ar%o! !$ou!e!. A! a (a'oreu!ine!! a!!o%iate o( t#e *ar%o!e!, C#uiian a&&ee& u!e (a&!e $reten!e! to inu%e t#e o((i%er! o( t#e P#i&i$$iB>$ort an Forein Loan Guarantee Cor$oration =P7LG)ARANTBB, t#e oar o( n'e!t+ent! = an t#eCentra& an;, to (a%i&itate t#e $ro%ure+ent an i!!uan%e o( a &oan uarantee in (a'or o( t#e A!ian Re&iai&itCo+$an, n%or$orate =ARC !o+eti+e in Se$te+er 1980. ARC, 98 o( "#i%# "a! a&&ee& o"ne C#uiian, "a! rante a &oan uarantee o( T"ent-Fi'e *i&&ion ).S. o&&ar! =)SH5,000,000.00.

#i&e ARC re$re!ente to P#i&uarantee t#at t#e &oan $ro%ee! "ou& e u!e to e!ta&i!# (i'e inter-re&ate$ro?e%t! in t#e P#i&i$$ine!, C#uiian renee on t#e a$$ro'e u!ine!! $&an an in!tea in'e!te t#e $ro%ee! o(

&oan in %or$oration! o$eratin in t#e )nite State!, +ore $arti%u&ar& neti%!, n%or$orate an nter&e;,n%or$orate. A&t#ou# ARC #a re%ei'e t#e $ro%ee! o( t#e &oan uarantee P#i&uarantee, t#e (or+ere(au&te in t#e $a+ent! t#ereo(, %o+$e&&in P#i&uarantee to unerta;e $a+ent! (or t#e !a+e. Con!e@uent&June 1985, P#i&uarantee !ue C#uiian e(ore t#e Santa C&ara Count Su$erior Court,iI1%#arin t#at in'io&ation o( t#e ter+! o( t#e &oan, C#uiian not on& e(au&te in $a+ent, ut a&!o +i!u!e t#e (un! in'e!tit#e+ in Si&i%on 2a&&e %or$oration! an u!in t#e+ (or #i! $er!ona& ene(it.

For #i! $art, C#uiian %&ai+e t#at #e #i+!e&( "a! a 'i%ti+ o( t#e !!te+ati% $&uner $er$etrate t#e *ar%o!a! #e "a! t#e true o"ner o( t#e!e %o+$anie!, an t#at #e #a in (a%t in!titute an a%tion e(ore t#e Feera& Couro( t#e )nite State! to re%o'er t#e %o+$anie! "#i%# t#e *ar%o!e! #a i&&ea&& "re!te (ro+ #i+. iiI

n No'e+er , 1985, or t#ree =3 +ont#! e(ore t#e !u%%e!!(u& $eo$&eE! re'o&t t#at to$$&e t#e *ar%o!i%tator!#i$, P#i&uarantee entere into a %o+$ro+i!e aree+ent "it# C#uiian "#ere $etitioner C#uiian !#a!!in an !urrener tit&e to a&& #i! %o+$anie! in (a'or o( t#e P#i&i$$ine o'ern+ent. n return, P#i&uarantee !#a!o&'e C#uiian (ro+ a&& %i'i& an %ri+ina& &iai&it, an in !o oin, e!i!t (ro+ $ur!uin an !uit aain!tC#uiian %on%ernin t#e $a+ent! P#i&uarantee #a +ae on C#uiianE! e(au&te &oan!.

t "a! (urt#er !ti$u&ate t#at in!tea o( C#uiian rei+ur!in t#e $a+ent! +ae P#i&uarantee ari!in (ro+C#uiianE! e(au&t, t#e P#i&i$$ine o'ern+ent !#a&& $a C#uiian t#e a+ount o( Fi'e *i&&ion T#ree 7unreT#ou!an o&&ar! =)SH5,300,000.00. nitia& $a+ent o( Fi'e 7unre T#ou!an o&&ar! =)SH500,000.00 "aa%tua&& re%ei'e C#uiian, a! "e&& a! !u%%eein $a+ent o( T"o 7unre T#ou!an o&&ar! =)SH00,000.T#e re+ainin a&an%e o( Four *i&&ion Si> 7unre T#ou!an o&&ar! =)SH4,600,000.00 "a! to e $ai t#rou

an irre'o%a&e Letter o( Creit =LKC (ro+ "#i%# C#uiian "ou& ra" ne 7unre T#ou!an o&&ar!=)SH100,000.00 +ont#&.iiiI3A%%orin&, on e%e+er 1, 1985, LKC No. SS-005-85 "a! i!!ue (or t#e !aia+ount t#e P#i&i$$ine Nationa& an; =PN. Su!e@uent&, C#uiian "a! a&e to +a;e t"o = +ont#&ra"in! (ro+ !ai LKC at t#e Lo! Ane&e! ran%# o( t#e PN.i'I4

it# t#e a'ent o( t#e A@uino a+ini!tration, t#e ne"&-e!ta&i!#e Pre!ientia& Co++i!!ion on GooGo'ern+ent =PCGG e>erte earne!t e((ort! to !ear%# an re%o'er +one, o&, $ro$ertie!, !to%;! an ot#er a!!e!u!$e%te a! #a'in een i&&ea&& a%@uire t#e *ar%o!e!, t#eir re&ati'e! an %ronie!.

Petitioner C#uiian "a! a+on t#o!e "#o!e a!!et! "ere !e@ue!tere t#e PCGG. n *a 30, 1986, t#e PCGi!!ue a Se@ue!tration rer'I5ire%tin t#e PN to $&a%e uner it! %u!to, (or an in e#a&( o( t#e PCGG, t#


4/24

irre'o%a&e LKC =No. SS-005-85. A&t#ou# C#uiian "a! t#en re!iin in t#e )nite State!, #i! na+e "a! $&ain t#e e$art+ent o( Forein A((air!E 7o& rer &i!t.'iI6

n t#e +eanti+e, P#i&uarantee (i&e a +otion e(ore t#e Su$erior Court o( Santa C&ara Count o( Ca&i(ornia inCi'i& Ca!e No!. 5586 an 569 !ee;in to 'a%ate t#e !ti$u&ate ?u+ent %ontainin t#e !ett&e+ent et"eenP#i&uarantee an C#uiian on t#e roun! t#at: =a P#i&uarantee "a! %o+$e&&e t#e *ar%o! a+ini!trationaree to t#e ter+! o( t#e !ett&e+ent "#i%# "a! #i#& un(a'ora&e to P#i&uarantee an ro!!& i!a'antaeou!t#e o'ern+ent< = C#uiian &a%;+ai&e *ar%o! into $ur!uin an %on%&uin t#e !ett&e+ent aree+ent t#reatenin to e>$o!e t#e (a%t t#at t#e *ar%o!e! +ae in'e!t+ent! in C#uiianE! A+eri%an enter$ri!e!< an =% tA@uino a+ini!tration #a orere P#i&uarantee not to +a;e (urt#er $a+ent! on t#e LKC to C#uiian. A(ter%on!ierin t#e (a%tua& +atter! e(ore it, t#e !ai %ourt %on%&ue t#at P#i&uarantee #a not %arrie it! uren !#o"in t#at t#e !ett&e+ent et"een t#e $artie! !#ou& e !et a!ie.M'iiIn a$$ea&, t#e Si>t# A$$e&&ate i!tri%tt#e Court o( A$$ea& o( t#e State o( Ca&i(ornia a((ir+e t#e ?u+ent o( t#e Su$erior Court o( Sta. C&ara Countenin P#i&uaranteeE! +otion to 'a%ate t#e !ti$u&ate ?u+ent a!e on t#e !ett&e+ent aree+ent.'iiiI8

A(ter $a+ent on t#e LKC "a! (ro/en t#e PCGG, C#uiian (i&e e(ore t#e )nite State! i!tri%t Court, Centi!tri%t o( Ca&i(ornia, an a%tion aain!t PN !ee;in, a+on ot#er!, to %o+$e& PN to $a t#e $ro%ee! o( t#e LPN %ountere t#at it %annot e #e& &ia&e (or a rea%# o( %ontra%t uner $rin%i$&e! o( i&&ea&it, internationa&%o+it an a%t o( !tate, an t#u! it i! e>%u!e (ro+ $a+ent o( t#e LKC. P#i&uarantee inter'ene in !ai a%tionrai!in t#e !a+e i!!ue! an aru+ent! it #a ear&ier rai!e in t#e a%tion e(ore t#e Santa C&ara Su$erior Court,a&&ein t#at PN "a! e>%u!e (ro+ +a;in $a+ent! on t#e LKC !in%e t#e !ett&e+ent "a! 'oi ue to i&&ea&iture!! an (rau.i>I9

T#e Feera& Court renere ?u+ent ru&in: =1 in (a'or o( PN e>%u!in t#e !ai an; (ro+ +a;in $a+entt#e LKC< an = in C#uiianE! (a'or enin inter'enor P#i&uaranteeE! a%tion to !et a!ie t#e !ett&e+entaree+ent.>I10

*ean"#i&e, on Feruar , 198, a ee o( Tran!(er>iI11"a! e>e%ute et"een t#en Se%retar o( Finan%e Jai2. n$in an t#en PN Pre!ient Baro . B!$iritu, to (a%i&itate t#e re#ai&itation o( PN, a+on ot#er!, a!$art o( t#e o'ern+entE! e%ono+i% re%o'er $rora+. T#e !ai ee o( Tran!(er $ro'ie (or t#e tran!(er to t#

o'ern+ent o( %ertain a!!et! o( PN in e>%#ane (or "#i%# t#e o'ern+ent "ou& a!!u+e %ertain &iai&itie! o(PN.>iiI1A+on t#o!e &iai&itie! "#i%# t#e o'ern+ent a!!u+e "ere unu!e %o++er%ia& LKCE! an e(erreLKCE!, in%&uin SS-005-85 &i!te uner neti%!, n%or$orate in (a'or o( C#uiian in t#e a+ount o( Four*i&&ion Four 7unre T#ou!an o&&ar! =)SH4,400,000.00.>iiiI13

n Ju& 30, 198, t#e o'ern+ent (i&e e(ore t#e Sanianaan Ci'i& Ca!e No. 00 aain!t t#e *ar%o! !$ou!e'era& o'ern+ent o((i%ia&! "#o !er'e uner t#e *ar%o! a+ini!tration, an a nu+er o( ini'iua&! ;no"n to%ronie! o( t#e *ar%o!e!, in%&uin C#uiian. T#e %o+$&aint !ou#t t#e re%on'ean%e, re'er!ion, a%%ountin anre!titution o( a&& (or+! o( "ea&t# a&&ee& $ro%ure i&&ea&& an !ta!#e a"a t#e e(enant!.

n $arti%u&ar, t#e %o+$&aint %#are t#at C#uiian, #i+!e&( anKor in %on!$ira% "it# t#e *ar%o! !$ou!e!,

enae in e'i%e!, !%#e+e! an !tratae+!M : =1 (or+in %or$oration! (or t#e $ur$o!e o( #iin an a'oii!%o'er o( i&&ea&& otaine a!!et!< = $i&&ain t#e %o((er! o( o'ern+ent (inan%ia& in!titution! !u%# a! t#eP#i&uarantee< an =3 e>e%utin t#e %ourt !ett&e+ent et"een P#i&uarantee an C#uiian "#i%# "a! ro!!&i!a'antaeou! to t#e o'ern+ent an t#e Fi&i$ino $eo$&e.

n (ine, t#e PCGG a'erre t#at t#e ao'e-!tate a%t! o( C#uiian %o++itte in un&a"(u& %on%ert "it# t#e ot#ere(enant! %on!titute ro!! au!e o( o((i%ia& $o!ition o( aut#orit, (&arant rea%# o( $u&i% tru!t an (iu%iaro&iation!, ra/en au!e o( ri#t an $o"er, un?u!t enri%#+ent, 'io&ation o( t#e Con!titution an &a"!M o( t#e&an.>i'I14


5/24

#i&e t#e %a!e "a! $enin, on *ar%# 1, 1993, t#e Re$u&i% o( t#e P#i&i$$ine! (i&e a +otion (or i!!uan%e o( a"rit o( atta%#+ent>'I15o'er t#e LKC, %itin a! roun! t#ere(or t#e (o&&o"in:

=1 C#uiian e+e//&e or (rauu&ent& +i!a$$&ie t#e (un! o( ARC a%tin in a (iu%iar %a$a%it, ?u!ti(ii!!uan%e o( t#e "rit uner Se%tion 1=, Ru&e 5 o( t#e Ru&e! o( Court$en!e re!u&tin in (urt#er a+ae to t#e o'ern+ent. T#u!, t#ere "a! an urent nee (ort#e "rit o( atta%#+ent to $&a%e t#e LKC uner t#e %u!to o( t#e Sanianaan !o t#e !a+e +a e $re!er'e a!!e%urit (or t#e !ati!(a%tion o( ?u+ent in t#e %a!e e(ore !ai %ourt.

C#uiian o$$o!e t#e +otion (or i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent, %ontenin t#at:

=1 T#e $&ainti((E! a((ia'it a$$ene to t#e +otion "a! in (or+ an !u!tan%e (ata&& e(e%ti'ei>I19

T#u!, t#e Sanianaan ru&e t#at e'en i( C#uiian i! one "#o orinari& re!ie! in t#e P#i&i$$ine!, ut i!te+$orari& &i'in out!ie, #e i! !ti&& !u?e%t to t#e $ro'i!iona& re+e o( atta%#+ent.

A%%orin&, an orer o( atta%#+ent>>I0"a! i!!ue t#e Sanianaan on Ju& 19, 1993, orerin t#eSanianaan S#eri(( to atta%# PN LKC No. SS-005-85 (or !a(e;ee$in $ur!uant to t#e Ru&e! o( Court a!!e%urit (or t#e !ati!(a%tion o( ?u+ent in Sanianaan Ci'i& Ca!e No. 00.

n Auu!t 11, 199, or a&+o!t (our =4 ear! a(ter t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e orer o( atta%#+ent, C#uiian (i&e a +otito &i(t t#e atta%#+ent a!e on t#e (o&&o"in roun!: Fir!t, #e #a returne to t#e P#i&i$$ine!< #en%e, t#eSanianaanE! +o!t $otent rounM (or t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit o( $re&i+inar atta%#+ent no &oner e>i!te.Sin%e #i! a!en%e in t#e $a!t "a! t#e 'er (ounation o( t#e SanianaanE! "rit o( $re&i+inar atta%#+ent, #i!$re!en%e in t#e %ountr "arrant! t#e i++eiate &i(tin t#ereo(. Se%on, t#ere "a! no e'ien%e at a&& o( initia& (raor !u!e@uent %on%ea&+ent e>%e$t (or t#e a((ia'it !u+itte t#e PCGG C#air+an %itin +ere e&ie( anin(or+ationM an not on ;no"&ee o( t#e (a%t!.M *oreo'er, t#i! !tate+ent i! #ear!a !in%e t#e PCGG C#air+"a! not a "itne!! to t#e &itiate in%ient!, "a! ne'er $re!ente a! a "itne!! t#e Re$u&i% an t#u! "a! not!u?e%t to %ro!!-e>a+ination.

T#ir, C#uiian enie! t#at #e e'er i!$o!e o( #i! a!!et! to e(rau t#e Re$u&i%, an t#ere i! not#in in t#ere%or! t#at !u$$ort t#e SanianaanE! erroneou! %on%&u!ion on t#e +atter. Fourt#, C#uiian e&ie t#ea&&eation t#at #e "a! a&!o a e(enant in ot#er re&ate %ri+ina& a%tion,M (or in (a%t, #e #a ne'er een a e(enin an $ro!e%ution o( an !ort in t#e P#i&i$$ine!.M>>iI1*oreo'er, #e %ou& not #a'e $er!ona&& a$$eare in anot#er a%tion e%au!e #e #a een e$ri'e o( #i! ri#t to a tra'e& o%u+ent t#e o'ern+ent.

Fi(t#, t#e $re&i+inar atta%#+ent "a!, in t#e (ir!t $&a%e, un"arrante e%au!e #e "a! not ui&t o( (rau in%ontra%tin t#e et or in%urrin t#e o&iationM. n (a%t, t#e LKC "a! not a $rou%t o( (rauu&ent tran!a%tion!, "a! t#e re!u&t o( a )S Court-a$$ro'e !ett&e+ent. A&t#ou# #e "a! a%%u!e o( e+$&oin &a%;+ai& ta%ti%! to$ro%ure t#e !ett&e+ent, t#e Ca&i(ornia Su$re+e Court ru&e ot#er"i!e. An in re&ation t#ereto, #e %ite! a! a !i>t#roun t#e (a%t t#at a&& t#e!e a&&eation! o( (rau an "ronoin #a a&rea een ea&t "it# in a%tion! e(ore tState an Feera& Court! o( Ca&i(ornia. #i&e it %annot te%#ni%a&& e %on!iere a! (oru+ !#o$$in, it i!ne'ert#e&e!! a (or+ o( !uit +u&ti$&i%it o'er t#e !a+e i!!ue!, $artie! an !u?e%t +atter.M>>iiIT#e!e (orein?u+ent! %on!titute res judicata"#i%# "arrant t#e i!+i!!a& o( t#e %a!e it!e&(.


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C#uiian (urt#er %onten! t#at !#ou& t#e atta%#+ent e a&&o"e to %ontinue, #e "i&& e e$ri'e o( #i! $ro$ert"it#out ue $ro%e!!. T#e LKC "a! $a+ent to C#uiian in e>%#ane (or t#e a!!et! #e turne o'er to t#e Re$u&$ur!uant to t#e ter+! o( t#e !ett&e+ent in Ca!e No. 5586. Sai a!!et!, #o"e'er, #a a&rea een !o& t#eRe$u&i% an %annot e returne to C#uiian !#ou& t#e o'ern+ent !u%%ee in e$ri'in #i+ o( t#e $ro%ee! ot#e LKC. Sin%e !ai a!!et! "ere i!$o!e o( "it#out #i! or t#e SanianaanE! %on!ent, it i! t#e Re$u&i% "#o i(rauu&ent& i!$o!in o( a!!et!.

Fina&&, C#uiian !tre!!e t#at t#rou#out t#e (our =4 ear! t#at t#e $re&i+inar atta%#+ent #a een in e((e%t, to'ern+ent #a not !et t#e %a!e (or #earin. )ner Ru&e 1, Se%tion 3, t#e %a!e it!e&( !#ou& e i!+i!!e (or&a%#e! o"in to t#e Re$u&i%E! (ai&ure to $ro!e%ute it! a%tion (or an unrea!ona&e &ent# o( ti+e. A%%orin&, t#$re&i+inar atta%#+ent, ein on& a te+$orar or an%i&&ar re+e, +u!t e &i(te an t#e PN orere toi++eiate& $a t#e $ro%ee! o( t#e LKC to C#uiian.

Su!e@uent&, on Auu!t 0, 199, C#uiian (i&e a +otion to re@uire t#e Re$u&i% to e$o!it t#e LKC in an interearin a%%ount.>>iiiI37e $ointe out to t#e Sanianaan t#at t#e (a%e a+ount o( t#e LKC #a, !in%e it!atta%#+ent, e%o+e (u&& e+ana&e an $aa&e. 7o"e'er, !in%e t#e a+ount i! ?u!t &in or+ant in t#e PN"it#out earnin an intere!t, #e $ro$o!e t#at it "ou& e to t#e ene(it o( a&& i( t#e Sanianaan re@uire! PNe$o!it t#e (u&& a+ount to a Sanianaan tru!t a%%ount at an an; in orer to earn intere!t "#i&e a"aitin?u+ent o( t#e a%tion.

T#e Re$u&i% o$$o!e C#uiianE! +otion to &i(t atta%#+ent, a&&ein t#at C#uiianE! a!en%e "a! not t#e on&roun (or t#e atta%#+ent an, t#ere(ore, #i! e&ate a$$earan%e e(ore t#e Sanianaan i! not a !u((i%ient reato &i(t t#e atta%#+ent. *oreo'er, a&&o"in t#e (orein ?u+ent a! a a!i! (or t#e &i(tin o( t#e atta%#+ent "ou&e!!entia&& a+ount to an ai%ation o( t#e ?uri!i%tion o( t#e Sanianaan to #ear an e%ie t#e i&& otten "ea%a!e! &oe e(ore it in e(eren%e to t#e ?u+ent o( (orein %ourt!.

n a Re!o&ution $ro+u&ate on No'e+er 13, 1998, t#e Sanianaan enie C#uiianE! +otion to &i(tatta%#+ent.>>i'I4

n t#e !a+e a, t#e Sanianaan i!!ue anot#er Re!o&ution enin C#uiianE! +otion to re@uire e$o!it o(

atta%#e LKC in an intere!t earin a%%ount.>>'I5

n a +otion !ee;in a re%on!ieration o( t#e (ir!t re!o&ution, C#uiian a!!ai&e t#e SanianaanE! (inin t#at i!!ue! rai!e in #i! +otion to &i(t atta%#+ent #a a&rea een ea&t "it# in t#e ear&ier re!o&ution ate Ju& 14,1993 rantin t#e a$$&i%ation (or t#e "rit o( $re&i+inar atta%#+ent a!e on t#e (o&&o"in roun!: Fir!t,C#uiian "a! out o( t#e %ountr in 1993, ut i! no" $re!ent& re!iin in t#e %ountr. Se%on, t#e Saniana%ou& not #a'e ;no"n t#en t#at #i! a!en%e "a! ue to t#e non-rene"a& o( #i! $a!!$ort at t#e in!tan%e o( t#e PCNeit#er "a! it re'ea&e t#at t#e Re$u&i% #a a&rea i!$o!e o( C#uiianE! a!!et! %ee to t#e Re$u&i% ine>%#ane (or t#e LKC. T#e (orein ?u+ent "a! not an i!!ue t#en e%au!e at t#at ti+e, !ai ?u+ent #a not een i!!ue an +u%# &e!! (ina&. Furt#er+ore, t#e aut#orit o( t#e PCGG Co++i!!ioner to !u!%rie a! a;no"&eea&e "itne!! re&ati'e to t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit o( $re&i+inar atta%#+ent "a! rai!e (or t#e (ir!t ti+e

t#e +otion to &i(t t#e atta%#+ent. Fina&&, t#e i!!ue o( &a%#e! %ou& not #a'e een rai!e t#en e%au!e it "a! t#eRe$u&i%E! !u!e@uent ne&e%t or (ai&ure to $ro!e%ute e!$ite t#e $a!!in o( t#e ear! t#at a'e ri!e to &a%#e!.>>'iI

C#uiian a&!o +o'e (or a re%on!ieration o( t#e Sanianaan re!o&ution enin t#e +otion to re@uire e$o!o( t#e LKC into an intere!t earin a%%ount. 7e arue t#at %ontrar to t#e SanianaanE! $ronoun%e+ent,a&&o"in t#e e$o!it "ou& not a+ount to a 'irtua& re%onition o( #i! ri#t o'er t#e LKC, (or #e i! not a!;in (or$a+ent ut !i+$& re@ue!tin t#at it e e$o!ite in an a%%ount uner t#e %ontro& o( t#e Sanianaan. 7e(urt#er !tre!!e t#at t#e Sanianaan ai%ate it! ounen ut to ru&e on an i!!ue "#en it (oun t#at #i!+otion "i&& rener nuator t#e $ur$o!e o( !e@ue!tration an (ree/e orer! o'er t#e LKC.M Con!ierin t#at #i!a!!et! #a a&rea een !o& t#e Re$u&i%, #e %&ai+e t#at t#e SanianaanE! re(u!a& to e>er%i!e it! (iu%iarut o'er atta%#e a!!et! "i&& %au!e #i+ irre$ara&e in?ur. La!t&, t#e SanianaanE! $o!ition t#at C#uiian "


8/24

not t#e o"ner ut a +ere $aee-ene(i%iar o( t#e LKC i!!ue in #i! (a'or neate! o'er"#e&+in ?uri!$ruen%e ot#e Neotia&e n!tru+ent! La", "#i&e at t#e !a+e ti+e o&iteratin #i! ri#t! o( o"ner!#i$ uner t#e Ci'i&Coe.>>'iiI

n Ju& 13, 1999, t#e Sanianaan a'e ue %our!e to C#uiianE! $&ea (or t#e atta%#e LKC to e e$o!ite inintere!t-earin a%%ount, on t#e roun t#at it "i&& reoun to t#e ene(it o( ot# $artie!.

T#e Sanianaan e%&are t#e nationa& o'ern+ent a! t#e $rin%i$a& o&ior o( t#e LKC e'en t#ou# t#e &iai&itre+aine in t#e oo;! o( t#e PN (or a%%ountin an +onitorin $ur$o!e!.

T#e Sanianaan, #o"e'er, enie C#uiianE! +otion (or re%on!ieration o( t#e enia& o( #i! +otion to &i(tatta%#+ent, areein in (u&& "it# t#e o'ern+entE! a$riori!+! t#at:

> > > =1 it i! a +atter o( re%or t#at t#e Court rante t#e a$$&i%ation (or "rit o( atta%#+ent u$on roun! ot#ert#an e(enantE! a!en%e in t#e P#i&i$$ine territor. n it! Re!o&ution ate Ju& 14, 1993, t#e Court (oun a $ri(a%ie %a!e o( (rau %o++itte e(enant C#uiian, an t#at e(enant #a! re%o'ere or i!$o!e o( #i! $ro$er"it# t#e intent o( e(rauin $&ainti((< = C#uiianE! e&ate $re!en%e in t#e P#i&i$$ine! %annot e in'o;e to!e%ure t#e &i(tin o( atta%#+ent. T#e ru&e i! !$e%i(i% t#at it a$$&ie! to a $art "#o i! aout to e$art (ro+ t#eP#i&i$$ine! "it# intent to e(rau #i! %reitor!. C#uiianE! !ta in t#e %ountr i! un%ertain an #e +a &ea'e at "e%au!e #e #o&! a (orein $a!!$ort< an =3 C#uiianE! ot#er roun, !u((i%ien% o( (or+er PCGG C#air+anGuniunoE! 'eri(i%ation o( t#e %o+$&aint, #a! een +et (air& an !@uare& in t#e Re!o&ution o( Ju& 14, 1993.>>

I8

7en%e, t#e in!tant $etition (or certiorari%ontenin t#at t#e re!$onent Sanianaan %o++itte ra'e au!e oi!%retion a+ountin to &a%; or e>%e!! o( ?uri!i%tion "#en it ru&e t#at:

1 *o!t o( t#e i!!ue! rai!e in t#e +otion to &i(t atta%#+ent #a een !u!tantia&& are!!e in t#e $re'ioure!o&ution! ate Ju& 14, 1993 an Auu!t 6, 1998, "#i&e t#e re!t "ere o( no i+$erati'e re&e'an%e a! to a((e%t SanianaanE! i!$o!ition< an

PN "a! re&ie'e o( t#e o&iation to $a on it! o"n LKC 'irtue o( Pre!ientia& Pro%&a+ation No. 50.

T#e Ru&e! o( Court !$e%i(i%a&& $ro'ie (or t#e re+eie! o( a e(enant "#o!e $ro$ert or a!!et #a! een atta%#eA! #a! een %on!i!tent& ru&e t#i! Court, t#e eter+ination o( t#e e>i!ten%e o( roun! to i!%#are a "rit o(atta%#+ent re!t! in t#e !oun i!%retion o( t#e &o"er %ourt!.>>i>I9

T#e @ue!tion in t#i! %a!e i!: #at %an t#e #erein $etitioner o to @ua!# t#e atta%#+ent o( t#e LKC T#ere are t"%our!e! o( a%tion a'ai&a&e to t#e $etitioner:

Fir!t. To (i&e a %ounteron in a%%oran%e "it# Ru&e 5, Se%tion 1, "#i%# $ro'ie!:

SBC. 1. Discharge of attachment upon giving counterbond ! At anti+e a(ter an orer o( atta%#+ent #a! eenrante, t#e $art "#o!e $ro$ert #a! een atta%#e, or t#e $er!on a$$earin on #i! e#a&(, +a, u$on rea!ona&noti%e to t#e a$$&i%ant, a$$& to t#e ?ue "#o rante t#e orer, or to t#e ?ue o( t#e %ourt in "#i%# t#e a%tion $enin, (or an orer i!%#arin t#e atta%#+ent "#o&& or in $art on t#e !e%urit i'en. T#e ?ue !#a&&, a(ter#earin, orer t#e i!%#are o( t#e atta%#+ent i( a %a!# e$o!it i! +ae, or a %ounteron e>e%ute to t#e atta%#i%reitor i! (i&e, on e#a&( o( t#e a'er!e $art, "it# t#e %&er; or ?ue o( t#e %ourt "#ere t#e a$$&i%ation i! +aean a+ount e@ua& to t#e 'a&ue o( t#e $ro$ert atta%#e a! eter+ine t#e ?ue, to !e%ure t#e $a+ent o( an?u+ent t#at t#e atta%#in %reitor +a re%o'er in t#e a%tion. )$on t#e (i&in o( !u%# %ounter-on, %o$ t#ere!#a&& (ort#"it# e !er'e on t#e atta%#in %reitor or #i! &a"er. )$on t#e i!%#are o( an atta%#+ent ina%%oran%e "it# t#e $ro'i!ion! o( t#i! !e%tion t#e $ro$ert atta%#e, or t#e $ro%ee! o( an !a&e t#ereo(, !#a&& ee&i'ere to t#e $art +a;in t#e e$o!it or i'in t#e %ounter-on, or t#e $er!on a$$earin on #i! e#a&(, t#e


9/24

e$o!it or %ounter-on a(ore!ai !tanin in $&a%e o( t#e $ro$ert !o re&ea!e. S#ou& !u%# %ounteron (or anrea!on e (oun to e, or e%o+e, in!u((i%ient, an t#e $art (urni!#in t#e !a+e (ai& to (i&e an aitiona& %ounteron, t#e atta%#in %reitor +a a$$& (or a ne" orer o( atta%#+ent.

or

Se%on. To @ua!# t#e atta%#+ent on t#e roun t#at it "a! irreu&ar& or i+$ro'ient& i!!ue, a! $ro'ie (or Se%tion 13 o( t#e !a+e Ru&e:

SBC. 13. Discharge of attachment for improper or irregu"ar issuance # T#e $art "#o!e $ro$ert #a! eenatta%#e +a a&!o, at an ti+e eit#er e(ore or a(ter t#e re&ea!e o( t#e atta%#e $ro$ert, or e(ore an atta%#+en!#a&& #a'e een a%tua&& &e'ie, u$on rea!ona&e noti%e to t#e atta%#in %reitor, a$$& to t#e ?ue "#o rante orer, or to t#e ?ue o( t#e %ourt in "#i%# t#e a%tion i! $enin, (or an orer to i!%#are t#e atta%#+ent on t#eroun t#at t#e !a+e "a! i+$ro$er& or irreu&ar& i!!ue. ( t#e +otion e +ae on a((ia'it! on t#e $art o( t#e$art "#o!e $ro$ert #a! een atta%#e, ut not ot#er"i!e, t#e atta%#in %reitor +a o$$o!e t#e !a+e %ounta((ia'it! or ot#er e'ien%e in aition to t#at on "#i%# t#e atta%#+ent "a! +ae. A(ter #earin, t#e ?ue !#a&orer t#e i!%#are o( t#e atta%#+ent i( it a$$ear! t#at it "a! i+$ro$er& or irreu&ar& i!!ue an t#e e(e%t i! no%ure (ort#"it#.

t "ou& a$$ear t#at $etitioner %#o!e t#e &atter e%au!e t#e roun! #e rai!e a!!ai& t#e $ro$riet o( t#e i!!uan%e t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent. #i! o"n a+i!!ion, #o"e'er, #e re$eate& a%;no"&ee t#at #i! ?u!ti(i%ation! to"arrant t#e &i(tin o( t#e atta%#+ent are (a%t! or e'ent! t#at %a+e to &i#t or too; $&a%e a(ter t#e "rit o( atta%#+e#a a&rea een i+$&e+ente.

*ore $arti%u&ar&, $etitioner e+$#a!i/e t#at (our =4 ear! a(ter t#e "rit "a! i!!ue, #e #a returne to t#eP#i&i$$ine!. Det "#i&e #e note t#at #e "ou& #a'e returne ear&ier ut (or t#e %an%e&&ation o( #i! $a!!$ort t#PCGG, #e "a! not arre (ro+ returnin to t#e P#i&i$$ine!. T#en #e in(or+e t#e Sanianaan t#at "#i&e t#e%a!e aain!t #i+ "a! $enin, ut a(ter t#e atta%#+ent #a a&rea een e>e%ute, t#e o'ern+ent &o!t t"o =%a!e! (or (rau &oe aain!t #i+ e(ore t#e ).S. Court!, t#u! in'o;in res judicata. Ne>t, #e a&!o $ointe out t#e o'ern+ent i! e!to$$e (ro+ $ur!uin t#e %a!e aain!t #i+ (or (ai&in to $ro!e%ute (or t#e nu+er o( ear! t

it #a een $enin &itiation.

t i! %&ear t#at t#e!e roun! #a'e not#in to o "it# t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent. *u%# &e!! o t#eatta%; t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit at t#at ti+e a! i+$ro$er or irreu&ar. An et, t#e ru&e %onte+$&ate! t#at t#e e(e%+u!t e in t#e 'er i!!uan%e o( t#e atta%#+ent "rit. For in!tan%e, t#e atta%#+ent +a e i!%#are uner Se%ti13 o( Ru&e 5 "#en it i! $ro'en t#at t#e a&&eation! o( t#e %o+$&aint "ere e%e$ti'e& (ra+e,>>>I30or "#en t#%o+$&aint (ai&! to !tate a %au!e o( a%tion.>>>iI31Su$er'enin e'ent! "#i%# +a or +a not ?u!ti( t#e i!%#are t#e "rit are not "it#in t#e $ur'ie" o( t#i! $arti%u&ar ru&e.

n t#e in!tant %a!e, t#ere i! no !#o"in t#at t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent "a! attene i+$ro$riet oirreu&arit. A$art (ro+ !ee;in a re%on!ieration o( t#e re!o&ution rantin t#e a$$&i%ation (or t#e "rit, $etition

no &oner @ue!tione t#e "rit it!e&(. For (our =4 &on ear! #e ;e$t !i&ent an i not e>er%i!e an o( t#e re+eia'ai&a&e to a e(enant "#o!e $ro$ert or a!!et #a! een atta%#e. t i! rat#er too &ate in t#e a (or $etitioner t@ue!tion t#e $ro$riet o( t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit.

Petitioner a&!o +a;e! %a$ita& o( t#e t"o (orein ?u+ent! "#i%# #e %&ai+! "arrant t#e a$$&i%ation o( t#e $rin%i$o( res judicata. T#e (ir!t ?u+ent, in Ci'i& Ca!e No!. 5586 an 569 rou#t P#i&uarantee e(ore t#eSanta C&ara Countr Su$erior Court, enie P#i&uaranteeE! $raer to !et a!ie t#e !ti$u&ate ?u+ent "#ereinP#i&uarantee an C#uiian aree on t#e !u?e%t atta%#e LKC. n *ar%# 14, 1990, t#e Court o( A$$ea& o( t#eState o( Ca&i(ornia a((ir+e t#e Su$erior CourtE! ?u+ent. T#e !ai ?u+ent e%a+e t#e !u?e%t o( a $etition re'ie" t#e Ca&i(ornia Su$re+e Court. T#ere i! no !#o"in, #o"e'er, o( an (ina& ?u+ent t#e Ca&i(orniaSu$re+e Court. T#e re%or!, in%&uin $etitionerE! $&eain!, are ere(t o( an e'ien%e to !#o" t#at t#ere i! a


10/24

(ina& (orein ?u+ent "#i%# t#e P#i&i$$ine %ourt! +u!t e(er to. 7en%e, res judicata(in! no a$$&i%ation in t#iin!tan%e e%au!e it i! a re@ui!ite t#at t#e (or+er ?u+ent or orer +u!t e (ina&. >>>iiI3

Se%on, $etitioner %ite! t#e ?u+ent o( t#e )nite State! i!tri%t Court in Ci'i& Ca!e 86-55 RSL rou#t $etitioner C#uiian aain!t PN to %o+$e& t#e &atter to $a t#e LKC. T#e !ai CourtE! ?u+ent, "#i&e it ru&e i(a'or o( $etitioner on t#e +atter o( P#i&uaranteeE! a%tion-in-inter'ention to !et a!ie t#e !ett&e+ent aree+ent, ru&e in (a'or o( PN, to "it:

)ner B>e%uti'e rer No. 1, t#e PCGG i! 'e!te t#e P#i&i$$ine Pre!ient "it# t#e $o"er to en(or%e it!ire%ti'e! an orer! %onte+$t $ro%eein!. )ner B>e%uti'e rer No. , t#e PCGG i! e+$o"ere to (ree/an, an a&& a!!et!, (un! an $ro$ert i&&ea&& a%@uire (or+er Pre!ient *ar%o! or #i! %&o!e (rien! anu!ine!! a!!o%iate!.

n *ar%# 11, 1986, PNK*ani&a re%ei'e an orer (ro+ t#e PCGG orerin PN to (ree/e an (urt#er ra"inon t#e LKC. T#e (ree/e orer #a! re+aine in e((e%t an "a! (o&&o"e a !e@ue!tration orer i!!ue t#ePCGG. Su!e@uent&, C#uiianE! P#i&i$$ine %oun!e& (i&e a !erie! o( %#a&&ene! to t#e (ree/e an !e@ue!trationorer!, "#i%# %#a&&ene! "ere un!u%%e!!(u& a! t#e orer! "ere (oun 'a&i t#e P#i&i$$ine Su$re+e Court. T#(ree/e an !e@ue!tration orer! are $re!ent& in e((e%t. T#u!, uner t#e PCGG orer an B>e%uti'e rer! No!. an , $er(or+an%e PN "ou& e i&&ea& uner P#i&i$$ine La". T#ere(ore PN i! e>%u!e (ro+ $er(or+ano( t#e LKC aree+ent a! &on a! t#e (ree/e an !e@ue!tration orer! re+ain in e((e%t. =)ner!%orin our!

> > > > > > > > >

C#uiian arue! t#at t#e (a%t t#at t#e LKC "a! i!!ue $ur!uant to a !ett&e+ent in Ca&i(ornia, t#at t#e neotiation!"#i%# o%%urre in Ca&i(ornia, an t#at t"o o( t#e $a+ent! "ere +ae at PNKLA, %o+$e&! t#e %on%&u!ion t#at a%t o( $ro#iitin $a+ent o( t#e LKC o%%urre in Lo! Ane&e!. 7o"e'er, t#e +a?orit o( t#e e'ien%e anT%#a%o!# an Saatino %o+$e& t#e o$$o!ite %on%&u!ion. T#e LKC "a! i!!ue in *ani&a, !u%# "a! one at t#ere@ue!t o( a P#i&i$$ine o'ern+ent in!tru+enta&it (or t#e ene(it o( a P#i&i$$ine %iti/en, t#e LKC "a! to e$er(or+e in t#e P#i&i$$ine!, a&& !ini(i%ant e'ent! re&atin to t#e i!!uan%e an i+$&e+entation o( t#e LKC o%%urrin t#e P#i&i$$ine!, t#e LKC aree+ent $ro'ie t#at t#e LKC "a! to e %on!true a%%orin to &a"! o( t#e

P#i&i$$ine!, an t#e P#i&i$$ine o'ern+ent %ertain& #a! an intere!t in $re'entin t#e LKC (ro+ ein re+itte int#at it "ou& e t#e re&ea!e o( (un! t#at are $otentia&& i&&otten ain!. A%%orin&, t#e Court (in! t#at t#e PCorer! are a%t! o( !tate t#at +u!t e re!$e%te t#i! Court, an t#u! PN i! e>%u!e (ro+ +a;in $a+ent on tLKC a! &on a! t#e (ree/e an !e@ue!tration orer! re+ain in e((e%t. >>>iiiI33=)ner!%orin our!

PetitionerE! o"n e'ien%e !trent#en! t#e o'ern+entE! $o!ition t#at t#e LKC i! uner t#e ?uri!i%tion o( t#eP#i&i$$ine o'ern+ent an t#at t#e ).S. Court! re%oni/e t#e aut#orit o( t#e Re$u&i% to !e@ue!ter an (ree/e !LKC. 7en%e, t#e (orein ?u+ent! re&ie u$on $etitioner o not %on!titute a ar to t#e Re$u&i%E! a%tion tore%o'er "#ate'er a&&ee i&&-otten "ea&t# $etitioner +a #a'e a%@uire.

Petitioner +a arue, a&eit e&ate&, t#at #e a&!o rai!e t#e i!!ue t#at t#ere "a! no e'ien%e o( (rau on re%or

ot#er t#an t#e a((ia'it o( PCGG C#air+an Guniuno. T#i! i!!ue o( (rau, #o"e'er, tou%#e! on t#e 'er +eritt#e +ain %a!e "#i%# a%%u!e! $etitioner o( %o++ittin (rauu&ent a%t! in #i! ea&in! "it# t#e o'ern+ent.*oreo'er, t#i! a&&ee (rau "a! one o( t#e roun! (or t#e a$$&i%ation o( t#e "rit, an t#e Sanianaan rant!ai a$$&i%ation a(ter it (oun aprima facie%a!e o( (rau %o++itte $etitioner.

n (ine, (rau "a! not on& one o( t#e roun! (or t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e $re&i+inar atta%#+ent, it "a! at t#e !a+eti+e t#e o'ern+entE! %au!e o( a%tion in t#e +ain %a!e.

e #a'e uni(or+& #e& t#at:


11/24

> > > "#en t#e $re&i+inar atta%#+ent i! i!!ue u$on a roun "#i%# i! at t#e !a+e ti+e t#e a$$&i%antE! %au!e oa%tion< e.., an a%tion (or +one or $ro$ert e+e//&e or (rauu&ent& +i!a$$&ie or %on'erte to #i! o"n u!ea $u&i% o((i%er, or an o((i%er o( a %or$oration, or an attorne, (a%tor, ro;er, aent, or %&er;, in t#e %our!e o( #i!e+$&o+ent a! !u%#, or an ot#er $er!on in a (iu%iar %a$a%it, or (or a "i&&(u& 'io&ation o( ut,M or an a%taain!t a $art "#o #a! een ui&t o( (rau in %ontra%tin t#e et or in%urrin t#e o&iation u$on "#i%# t#ea%tion i! rou#t,M t#e e(enant i! not a&&o"e to (i&e a +otion to i!!o&'e t#e atta%#+ent uner Se%tion 13 o( R5 o((erin to !#o" t#e (a&!it o( t#e (a%tua& a'er+ent! in t#e $&ainti((E! a$$&i%ation an a((ia'it! on "#i%# t"rit "a! a!e an %on!e@uent& t#at t#e "rit a!e t#ereon #a een i+$ro$er& or irreu&ar& i!!ue t#erea!on ein t#at t#e #earin on !u%# a +otion (or i!!o&ution o( t#e "rit "ou& e tanta+ount to a tria& o( t#e+erit! o( t#e a%tion. n ot#er "or!, t#e +erit! o( t#e a%tion "ou& e 'enti&ate at a +ere #earin o( a +otion,in!tea o( at t#e reu&ar tria&.>>>i'I34=)ner!%orin our!

T#u!, t#i! Court #a! ti+e an aain ru&e t#at t#e +erit! o( t#e a%tion in "#i%# a "rit o( $re&i+inar atta%#+ent een i!!ue are not tria&e on a +otion (or i!!o&ution o( t#e atta%#+ent, ot#er"i!e an a$$&i%ant (or t#e &i(tin o("rit %ou& (or%e a tria& o( t#e +erit! o( t#e %a!e on a +ere +otion.>>>'I35

t i! not t#e Re$u&i%E! (au&t t#at t#e &itiation #a! een $rotra%te. T#ere i! a! et no e'ien%e o( (rau on t#e $o( $etitioner. Petitioner i! on& one o( t#e t"ent-t#ree =3 e(enant! in t#e +ain a%tion. A! !u%#, t#e &itiatio"ou& ta;e &oner t#an +o!t %a!e!. Petitioner %annot in'o;e t#i! e&a in t#e $ro%eein! a! an e>%u!e (or not!ee;in t#e $ro$er re%our!e in #a'in t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent &i(te in ue ti+e. ( e'er &a%#e! !et in, it "a!$etitioner, not t#e o'ern+ent, "#o (ai&e to ta;e a%tion "it#in a rea!ona&e ti+e $erio. C#a&&enin t#e i!!uano( t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent (our =4 ear! a(ter it! i+$&e+entation !#o"e $etitionerE! a$$arent ini((eren%e to"art#e $ro%eein! e(ore t#e Sanianaan.

n !u+, $etitioner #a! (ai&e to %on'in%e t#i! Court t#at t#e Sanianaan ra'e& au!e it! i!%retion in a"#i+!i%a&, %a$ri%iou! an aritrar +anner. T#ere are no %o+$e&&in rea!on! to "arrant t#e i++eiate &i(tin ot#e atta%#+ent e'en a! t#e +ain %a!e i! !ti&& $enin. n t#e ot#er #an, a&&o"in t#e i!%#are o( t#e atta%#+eat t#i! !tae o( t#e $ro%eein! "ou& $ut in ?eo$ar t#e ri#t o( t#e atta%#in $art to rea&i/e u$on t#e re&ie(!ou#t an e>$e%te to e rante in t#e +ain or $rin%i$a& a%tion. t "ou& #a'e t#e e((e%t o( $re?uin t#e +a%a!e.

T#e atta%#+ent i! a +ere $ro'i!iona& re+e to en!ure t#e !a(et an $re!er'ation o( t#e t#in atta%#e unti& t#e$&ainti(( %an, a$$ro$riate $ro%eein!, otain a ?u+ent an #a'e !u%# $ro$ert a$$&ie to it! !ati!(a%tion.>>>

I36To i!%#are t#e atta%#+ent at t#i! !tae o( t#e $ro%eein! "ou& rener inuti&e an (a'ora&e ?u+ent!#ou& t#e o'ern+ent $re'ai& in t#e $rin%i$a& a%tion aain!t $etitioner. T#u!, t#e Sanianaan, in i!!uin t#e@ue!tione re!o&ution!, "#i%# are inter&o%utor in nature, %o++itte no ra'e au!e o( i!%retion a+ountin to &or e>%e!! o( ?uri!i%tion. A! &on a! t#e Sanianaan a%te "it#in it! ?uri!i%tion, an a&&ee error! %o++ittin t#e e>er%i!e o( it! ?uri!i%tion "i&& a+ount to not#in +ore t#an error! o( ?u+ent "#i%# are re'ie"a&e ti+e& a$$ea& an not !$e%ia& %i'i& a%tion o( certiorari.>>>'iiI3

*oreo'er, "e #a'e #e& t#at "#en t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent i! i!!ue u$on a roun "#i%# i! at t#e !a+e ti+e t#e

a$$&i%antE! %au!e o( a%tion, t#e on& ot#er "a t#e "rit %an e &i(te or i!!o&'e i! a %ounteron, in a%%ora"it# Se%tion 1 o( t#e !a+e ru&e.>>>'iiiI38T#i! re%our!e, #o"e'er, "a! not a'ai&e o( $etitioner, a! note t#So&i%itor Genera& in #i! %o++ent.>>>i>I39

To reiterate, t#ere are on& t"o "a! o( @ua!#in a "rit o( atta%#+ent: =a (i&in a %ounteron i++eiate&&iI41PetitionerE! +otion to &i(t atta%#+ent (ai&e to e+on!tratean in(ir+it or e(e%t in t#e i!!uan%e o( t#e "rit o( atta%#+ent< neit#er i #e (i&e a %ounteron.


12/24

Fina&&, "e %o+e to t#e +atter o( e$o!itin t#e Letter o( Creit in an intere!t-earin a%%ount. e aree "it# tSanianaan t#at an intere!t t#at t#e $ro%ee! o( t#e LKC +a earn "#i&e t#e %a!e i! ein &itiate "ou&reoun to t#e ene(it o( "#i%#e'er $art "i&& $re'ai&, t#e P#i&i$$ine o'ern+ent in%&ue. T#u!, "e a((ir+ t#eSanianaanE! ru&in t#at t#e $ro%ee! o( t#e LKC !#ou& e e$o!ite in an intere!t earin a%%ount "it# t#eLan an; o( t#e P#i&i$$ine! (or t#e a%%ount o( t#e Sanianaan in e!%ro" unti& orere re&ea!e t#e !aiCourt.

e (in no &ea& rea!on, #o"e'er, to re&ea!e t#e PN (ro+ an &iai&it t#ereuner. T#e ee o( Tran!(er,"#ere %ertain &iai&itie! o( PN "ere tran!(erre to t#e nationa& o'ern+ent, %annot a((e%t t#e !ai LKC !in%et#ere "a! no 'a&i !u!titution o( etor. Arti%&e 193 o( t#e Ne" Ci'i& Coe $ro'ie!:

No'ation "#i%# %on!i!t! in !u!titutin a ne" etor in t#e $&a%e o( t#e oriina& one, +a e +ae "it#out t#e;no"&ee or aain!t t#e "i&& o( t#e &atter, ut not "it#out t#e %on!ent o( t#e %reitor. Pa+ent t#e ne" eti'e! #i+ t#e ri#t! +entione in Arti%&e! 136 an 13.

A%%orin&, an !u!titution o( etor +u!t e "it# t#e %on!ent o( t#e %reitor, "#o!e %on!ent t#ereto %annot ?ue $re!u+e. B'en t#ou# Pre!ientia& Pro%&a+ation No. 50 %an e %on!iere an in!u$era&e %au!eM, it oe! nne%e!!ari& +a;e t#e %ontra%t! an o&iation! a((e%te t#ere e>%e$tion! to t#e ao'e-@uote &a", !u%# t#at t#e!u!titution o( etor %an e 'a&i& +ae e'en "it#out t#e %on!ent o( t#e %reitor. Pre!ientia& Pro%&a+ation N50 "a! not intene to !et a!ie &a"! t#at o'ern t#e 'er &i(e&oo o( t#e nationE! %o++er%e an e%ono+. n(a%t, t#e ee o( Tran!(er t#at "a! e>e%ute et"een PN an t#e o'ern+ent $ur!uant to t#e !ai Pre!ientia&Pro%&a+ation !$e%i(i%a&& !tate t#at it !#a&& e ee+e e((e%ti'e on& u$on %o+$&ian%e "it# !e'era& %onition!, o( "#i%# re@uire! t#at:

= t#e ANO !#a&& #a'e !e%ure !u%# o'ern+enta& an %reitor!E a$$ro'a&! a! +a e ne%e!!ar toe!ta&i!# t#e %on!u++ation, &ea&it an en(or%eai&it o( t#e tran!a%tion! %onte+$&ate #ere.M

T#e 'a&iit o( t#i! ee o( Tran!(er i! not i!$ute. T#u!, PN i! e!to$$e (ro+ enin it! &iai&it t#ereune%on!ierin t#at neit#er t#e PN nor t#e o'ern+ent ot#ere to !e%ure $etitionerE! %on!ent to t#e !u!titution oetor!. e are not un+in(u& t#at an e((ort to !e%ure $etitionerE! %on!ent at t#at ti+e "ou&, in e((e%t, e ee+

an a+i!!ion t#at t#e LKC i! 'a&i an inin. B'en t#e Sanianaan (oun t#at:

> > > *o'ant #a! a!i! in $ointin out t#at ina!+u%# a! t#e LKC "a! i!!ue in #i! (a'or, #e i! $re!u+e to e t&a"(u& $aee-ene(i%iar o( t#e LKC unti& !u%# ti+e t#at t#e $&ainti(( !u%%e!!(u&& $ro'e! t#at !ai LKC i! i&&-ottean #e #a! no ri#t o'er t#e !a+e. >&iiI4

nRepub"ic v Sandiganba$an%>&iiiI43"e #e& t#at t#e $ro'i!iona& re+eie!, !u%# a! (ree/e orer! an !e@ue!trat"ere not +eant to e$ri'e t#e o"ner or $o!!e!!or o( #i! tit&e or an ri#t to t#e $ro$ert !e@ue!tere, (ro/en orta;en o'er an 'e!t it in t#e !e@ue!terin aen%, t#e Go'ern+ent or ot#er $er!on.M

T#u!, unti& !u%# ti+e t#at t#e o'ern+ent i! a&e to !u%%e!!(u&& $ro'e t#at $etitioner #a! no ri#t to %&ai+ t#e

$ro%ee! o( t#e LKC, #e i! ee+e to e t#e &a"(u& $aee-ene(i%iar o( !ai LKC, (or "#i%# an !u!titution o(etor re@uire! #i! %on!ent. T#e Sanianaan t#u! erre in re&ie'in PN o( it! &iai&it a! t#e oriina& etor

+HERE"ORE, in 'ie" o( a&& t#e (oreoin, t#e $etition i! S*SSB. T#e Re!o&ution! o( t#e Sanianaate No'e+er 6, 1998 an Ju& , 1999 are AFFR*B. T#e PN i! RBCTB to re+it to t#e Sanianat#e $ro%ee! o( Letter o( Creit No. SF-005-85 in t#e a+ount o( ).S. H4.4 +i&&ion "it#in (i(teen =15 a! (ro+noti%e #ereo(, t#e !a+e to e $&a%e uner !$e%ia& ti+e e$o!it "it# t#e Lan an; o( t#e P#i&i$$ine!, (or t#ea%%ount o( Sanianaan in e!%ro" (or t#e $er!on or $er!on!, natura& or ?urii%a&, "#o !#a&& e'entua&& ea?ue &a"(u&& entit&e t#ereto, t#e !a+e to earn intere!t at t#e %urrent &ea& an; rate!. T#e $rin%i$a& an it!intere!t !#a&& re+ain in !ai a%%ount unti& orere re&ea!e t#e Court in a%%oran%e "it# &a".


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No %o!t!.

S RBRB.


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pil cases after midterms 1

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