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Pipelines & Flow Assurance
Angus Macaulay
Subsea Engineering Team Lead
Paradigm Flow Services
www.paradigm.eu ©2014 Paradigm Group B.V. All rights reserved.
SUBSEA EXPO 2016
Free the Pigs - Case Study
Angus Macaulay – Subsea engineering co-ordinator
Paradigm Flow Services Ltd
www.paradigm.eu ©2014 Paradigm Group B.V. All rights reserved.
Pipeline blockages
blockages occur as the oil cools off in the
colder environment and the cloud point is
reached, wax begins to form.
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Pipelines
Two regions are identified during this process:
the liquid and gel regions. dissolved wax
molecules moving from the pipe centre toward
the wall due to temperature gradient.
L
G
Pipe wall
Gel region containing liquid oil and precipitated wax
crystals
Liquid region
Dissolved wax moleculesMigrating towards the liquid-gel
Interface where T=WAT
Mass flux of wax molecules from the interface to the pipe wall
Inside Pipe temperature
profile
O Tamb Twat Tl
R, m
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Pigging
Pigging;
• Less downtime
• Reduced waste processing
• Improved plant efficiency
• Lower overall service costs
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Pipeline Overview
Details;
• Constructed in 1968
• 20” ID
• 92 km in length
• 7.9mm Wall thickness (9.5mm at river crossings)
• Design pressure 1280 Psi (88.3 Barg)
• Design Temp 10⁰C – 43.3⁰C
• Total fill volume 17,675 mᶟ
Pipeline Topography200 m
Sea level
River crossings
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Problems with Pigging
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Potential solutions
Options;
• Pumping at higher pressures in both directions
• Volumetric test to approximate blockage location
• Localised Hot oil flush
• Excavation of pipeline
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Potential solutions
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Potential solutions
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Potential solutions
Poor chap
doing the
work
Human
resource
manager
Marketing
manager
IT manager
Technologie
s manager
Logistics
manager
Project
manager
Product
developer
Health
and
safety
PR
manager
Business
analyst
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48hr from initial call with client
until arrival of crew & equipment
onsite
Pipe-Pulse™ option
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
REVISIONS
No Date Description
JOB NOLATEST REVISION
DRAWING NO SCALE
DRAWN BYCHECKED
N/A
1
Angus Macaulay
Choke valve (CV) PRV
Plug valve (PV)
Ball valve (BV)
Needle valve (NV) PRV dump line
High pressure line
Kinneil site rig up P&ID
PFSL
101A
PFSL
101B
High pressure pump
Tank
Pipe-Pulse units
Control cabin
Data transfer Ethernet cable
Air hydro pump
To Tie in point HV-001 Ref DWG N371-1004
Vent to Sump
Vent to Sump
PT
0732Rev A3 K Thomson
PLR
To Finnart
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
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Find-Block™ results
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Find-Block™ results
Initial pulse
Reflection
Time response
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
REVISIONS
No Date Description
JOB NOLATEST REVISION
DRAWING NO SCALE
DRAWN BYCHECKED
N/A
1
Angus Macaulay
Choke valve (CV) PRV
Plug valve (PV)
Ball valve (BV)
Needle valve (NV) PRV dump line
High pressure line
Finnart site rig up P&ID
PFSL
101A
PFSL
101B
High pressure pump
Tank
Pipe-Pulse units
Control cabin
Data transfer Ethernet cable
Air hydro pump
HV696 2" RF600 - 2" 1502Pulsing Tie in point
Vent to Sump
PT
0732Rev A3 K Thomson
HV701 4" RF600 - 2" 1502 Flushing Tie in point
Crude feed from HV258. Flanged 4" RF150 - 4" 206
Heat exchanger
Warm fluid out
Cold fluid in
Pipe-Pulse injection Line
Pumping injection Line
Vent to SumpVent to Sump
PLR
To Kinneil
20" Finnart Export line
Heat exchanger
Warm fluid out
Cold fluid in
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
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Pipe-Pulse™ set up
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Wax removal
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Success
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To Conclude
• Ability to pulse into large diameter lines over long distances
• Accurately locate blockage within +/- 50m using Find-Block™
• Reduce/Eliminate the need for pipeline Intervention reducing
costs of pipeline blockages and restrictions
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It’s time for a Paradigm Shift in Flowline Intervention