pk aec lab manual

Analog electronics lab

Expt.No 1 RC Coupled Single Stage Amplifier

Aim:

a) To determine experimentally and plot the frequency response of a single stage RC Coupled BJT amplifier and determine gain.

b) To determine input and output impedances at mid frequency range.

Apparatus required:

Sl No Item Specification Quantity1 Power supply 0-32V 12 Oscilloscope 80Vp-p,20MHz 13 Signal generator 15Vp-p,2MHz 14 Transistor SL 100/2N2222 15 Resistors 4.7k,22k,270,1k,10k 56 Capacitors 0.47µF,0.1µF,50µF 37 Bread Board 1

Theory: Electronic devices and circuits theory-Robert L Boylestad ,Louis Nashelsky. Principles of electronics-V.K.Mehta.

Circuit diagram:

Dept of E & C, SKSVMACET Page no


Applying KVL to CE loop



Procedure :



Procedure:



Expt.No 7 Clipping circuits

Aim : To design clipping circuit for the given specifications and hence to plot its O/p

Apparatus required:

Sl No Item Specification Quantity1 Power supply 0-32V 22 Oscilloscope 80Vp-p,20MHz 13 Signal generator 15Vp-p,2MHz 14 Diodes IN4007 25 Resistors 1k,10k 27 Bread Board 1

Theory: Electronic devices and circuits theory-Robert L Boylestad ,Louis Nashelsky.

Principles of electronics V.K.Mehta .

Series clippers

Circuit diagram



Circuit diagram

Design : Let the positive peak be clipped above some level(say-3V) Let the diode drop ≈0.6V Ie., -(VR+Vr)=-3 VR=3-Vr

3-0.6=2.4V



Circuit diagram

Circuit diagram



Design : Let the negative peak be clipped below some level(say+3V) Let the diode drop ≈0.6V Ie., (VR+Vr)=3 VR=3-Vr

3-0.6=2.4V

Shunt or parallel clipper

5. Basic parallel positive clipper

Circuit diagram



Design : R=√Rf.Rr

=√10Ω.10MΩ =10k

Where Rf =diode forward resistance 10Ω Rr=diode reverse resistanc e 10MΩ

6. Parallel positive clipper above some reference voltage VR :

Circuit diagram



Design : Let the positive peak be clipped above some level(say+3V) Let the diode drop ≈0.6V Ie., (VR+Vr)=3 VR=3-Vr

3-0.6=2.4V

7. Basic parallel negative clipper:

Circuit diagram

8. Parallel negative clipping below some reference voltage VR :

Circuit diagram



Design: Let the o/p voltage be clipped below some level (say-3V) Let the diode drop ≈0.6V Ie., -(VR+Vr)=-3 VR=3-Vr

3-0.6=2.4V

9. Combinational clipping or double ended clipping:

Circuit diagram



Design: Let the positive peak be clipped above some level (say+3v) and negative peak be clipped below some level(-3v)

Let the diode drop ≈0.6V (VR+Vr)=3 VR=3-Vr

3-0.6=2.4V - (VR+Vr)=-3 VR=3-Vr

3-0.6=2.4VProcedure:

Result: Clipper circuits are verified.



Expt.No 8 Clamping circuits

Apparatus required:

Sl No Item Specification Quantity1 Power supply 0-32V 12 Oscilloscope 80Vp-p,20MHz 13 Signal generator 15Vp-p,2MHz 14 Diodes IN4007 15 Resistors 10k 17 capacitor 1µF 18 Bread Board

Theory:Electronic devices and circuits theory-Robert L Boylestad ,Louis Nashelsky.



Expt.No 4 BJT RC-Phase Shift Oscillator

Apparatus required:

Theory: Electronic devices and circuits theory-Robert L Boylestad ,Louis Nashelsky

Circuit diagram:


Sl No Item Specification Quantity1 RPS 0-32V 12 RPS Oscilloscope 80Vp-p,20MHz 13 Transistors BC107 or SL100 14 Resistors 22k,6.8k,1k,470,2.2k 55 capacitors 47µF,0.47 µF,.01 µF 36 Bread board 1


Design of phase shifting network:

The frequency of oscillations is determined by phase shifting network. The oscillating frequency for the above circuit is given by,

f = 1

2π √ 6RC

1) Design of RC phase shift oscillator of frequency f=1 KHz.Assume C=0.01µF

f = 1

2π √ 6RC

1×103 = 1/ 2π×R×0.01× 10-6×√ 6Therefore R = 6.497KΩTake R = 6.8KΩ

2) Design of RC phase shift oscillator of frequency f=3 KHz.Assume R= 220Ω

f = 1

2π √ 6RC

3×103 = 1/ 2π×C×220×√ 6Therefore C=0.098µFTake C=0.1µF

3) Design of RC phase shift oscillator of frequency f=3KHz and R = 2.2KΩ

f = 1

2π √ 6RC

3×103 = 1/ 2π×C×2.2×103×√ 6



Therefore C=0.0121µFTake C=0.01µF

4) Design of RC phase shift oscillator of frequency f=5KHz and C=0.01µF

f = 1

2π √ 6RC

5×103 = 1/ 2π×R×0.01× 10-6×√ 6Therefore R = 1.2KΩTake R = 1KΩ

Tabular column:

Sl.no R(Ω) C(µF) f(theoretical)KHz f (practical)KHz Vo (p-p)1 6.8k 0.01 12 220 0.1 33 2.2k 0.01 24 1k 0.01 5

Results:

1) Theoretical frequency of oscillations= Practical frequency of oscillations=






Expt. No 2 Darlington Emitter Follower

Aim: To design a BJT Darlington Emitter Follower & determine the Gain, input and output Impedance.

Apparatus required:

Theory:

Electronic devices and circuits theory-Robert L Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky.

Circuit diagram:


Sl No Item Specification Quantity1 Signal generator 20Vp-p,2MHz 12 Oscilloscope 80Vp-p,20MHz 14 Power supply 0-32V 15 Resistors 1.2k,1M,1.5M 37 Transistors BC107/SL100 28 capacitors 4.7µF 29 Bread Board 1


Vs :Signal generator Vo :Measured using CRO

R1 = 1M R2 = 1.5M RL = 1.2K Ci = Co =4.7µF

Design:

Assume Ci & Co as 4.7µF



Procedure:

1) Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram. 2) Set Vi=1V (say), using the signal generator.3) Keeping the input voltage constant ,very the frequency from 10Hz to 2MHz in regular steps of 10

and note down corresponding output voltage.4) Plot frequency response: Gain (dB) Vs frequency (Hz).5) Find the input and output impedance. 6) Calculate the Bandwidth from the graph.7) Note down the Input &output impedance.

Tabular Column:

Vi = 1V(Constant)

Sl.No. Frequency Vo(Volts) Gain = Vo/Vi Gain(dB) = 20log Vo/Vi

Frequency Response:



Procedure:



Results:


pk aec lab manual

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phase shifting

analog electronics

reference

oscillations

negative peak

frequency

positive peak

apparatus