PLANNING AND COST

ANALYSIS OF THE

COMMERCIAL BUILDING

ABSTRACT

In order to compete in the ever growing competent market it

is very important for a structural engineer to save time.

As a sequel to this an attempt is made to planning by using

“Auto CAD” and Estimation, costing done by different

methods.

Planning and cost analysis identifies the overall scope of

work involved in a construction/renovation project.

For estimating and costing of commercial building can be

calculated by using different methods like Long wall-short

wall method, centre line method , partially centre line and

partially cross wall methods.

INTRODUCTION

Buildings are important indicator of social

progress of the country.

Daily new techniques are being developed for

the construction of buildings.

The building subjected to both vertical and

horizontal loads. The horizontal loads are taken

as per IS 875-1987.And also the material

characteristics are taken from IS 456-2000.

SOFTWARES

We are doing planning of Commercial Building by

using “AUTOCAD” software.

In AutoCAD, the word ‘Auto’ came from “Auto desk

company”, and CAD stands for Computer Aided

Designing.

PLANNING

Planning refers to the process of deciding what to do and

how to do it.

We have done a planning of G+2 commercial building.

The building which is used for functions.

The planning of G+2 commercial building can

be done by using “AUTO CAD”.

ESTIMATION

Estimation is the scientific way of working out the

approximate cost of an engineering project before execution

of the work.

Estimation requires a thorough knowledge of the

construction procedures and cost of materials & labour in

addition to the skill ,experience ,foresight etc.

TYPES OF ESTIMATES

Approximate Estimate

Model Estimate

Comparison Estimate and

Parametric Estimate

Detailed Estimate

Complete Estimate

APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE

Preliminary or approximate estimate is required for studies of

various aspects of work project and for its administrative approval.

The estimate is accompanied by a report duly explaining necessity

and utility of the project and with a site or layout plan.

Approximate estimate can be done by 2 parts ,

1.foundation including plinth

2.super structure

MODEL ESTIMATE

This type of estimate is prepared is based on a modal

project estimate which is developed before .

Preparing this type of estimate needs length and width of

building, size of base , floor height ,etc.,

This type of estimate may prepare a details estimate of

whole project or a part of project depending on the

model project.

Comparison Estimate

In this method an estimator prepares a estimate ofproposed project by comparing similar completedproject.

After preparing the comparison estimate , estimatormakes adjustment for variation of proposed projectwith the completed project.

Parametric Estimate

In this type of estimate an estimator uses equations to

prepare the estimations .

This equation is the relationship between “PARAMETERS”

and “COST “ of building project.

This type of estimate is done for getting concept of

proposed project cost.

Now-a-days there are many programmes available in the

market to make the estimation project easy.

Detailed Estimate

The preparation of detailed estimate consists of working out quantities

of various items of work and then determine the cost of each item.

It is the accurate estimate prepared by working out quantities of each

items of work.

This prepared in two stages:

Details of measurements and calculation of quantities.

Abstract of Estimated cost

REQUIREMENTS

1. Plans, Elevations, Section Drawings.

2. Specifications.

3. Rates.

Quantity Estimating Methods

The quantities like earth work, foundation concrete,

brickwork in plinth and super structure etc., can be

workout by any of following methods:

a) Long wall – Short wall method

b) Centre line method

c) Partly centre line and short wall method

Long wall – Short wall method

In this method, measure the external length of walls out-to-out

running in the longitudinal direction.

And also the internal lengths of walls running in the transverse

direction in-to-in i.e. of cross or short walls.

Then the length of long wall, (out to out) may be calculated

after adding half breadth at each end to its centre line length.

Thus the length of short wall measured into in and may be

found by deducting half breadth from its centre line length each

end.

Centre line method

This method is suitable for walls of similar cross sections.

Here the total centre line length is multiplied by breadth and

depth of respective item to get the total quantity at a time.

Such junctions or joints are studied carefully while calculating

total centre line length.

The estimates prepared by this method are most accurate and

quick.

Partly centre line and partly cross wall method

This method suits for different thicknesses of walls

and different level of foundations.

In this external walls and internal walls have

different thicknesses.

In such cases, center line method is applied to

external walls and Long wall-short wall method is used

for internal walls.

Rate Analysis

Definition:

This process of determining the rates of an item is termed

as analysis of rates or rate analysis.

The rates of items depends on,

1. Specification of works

2. Quantity and quality of materials

3. Cost of labors and their wages.

4. Location of site of work

5. Establishment charges.

6. Profit.

CONCLUSION

1.Planning by using software “AutoCAD”

reduces lot of time and work.

2.Analysis of each member and each material

is obtained from estimation and costing.

THANKYOU

-ila