PlanningandMaintainingaLivingRoof LivingWebFarms

September2018 PresentedbyRichardFreudenberger

WhyaLivingRoof?

•Reducerunoffandimprovewaterquality

•Lowtonomaintenance

•Promotesenergyconservation

•Moderatestemperatureswings

•Aestheticappeal

•Wildlifeandpollinatorattractant

•Culinaryherbproduction

•Tempertheurbanheatisland

•Increaselongevityofroofingmembranes

•Reducenoiseandairpollution

•Sequestercarbondependingonplantchoices

•SupportsfirepreventionwithappropriateplantingsExtensiveRoofs

� Designedforlow-orno-maintenanceuse

� Notintendedforregularhumantraffic

� Growingmediumdepth2to6inches

� Substrateblendedtobelightweight

� Plantingsaretendedasawhole

� Minimalengineeringispossible

IntensiveRoofs

� Designedtobevisibleandaccessible

� Plannedandplantedlikeatraditionalgarden

� Soil(substrate)depth6to14ormoreinches

� Mayuselightweightsubstrates

� Plantingsaretendedonanindividualbasis

� Suitableforcontainergardening

� Structuralengineeringnecessaryduetoroofloading

EarthwoodBuildingSchool

� Rooftype Runoff(in) Runoff(%)

� Standard 26 81

� Standardw/2-ingravel 25 77

� Greenw/2-insubstrate 16 50

� Greenw/4-insubstrate 14.5 45

� Greenw/6-insubstrate 13 40

Substrates(GrowingMedium)

� Ideallyamixtureofcomponents

� Designedtoabsorbandretainwaterwhilestillallowingfreedrainage

� Shouldbelightweightforminimalroofloading

� Mustprovideanchorageforplantings

� Highfertilityisnotagoal;moderatefertilityencouragesdevelopmentofdiversemeadow

� LightExpandedClayAggregategranules

� Biochar

� Perlite

� Vermiculite

� Pumice

� Crushedbrick/clay

� Gravel

� Toomuchorganicmatterwillcauseshrinkageofthesubstrateovertime

� Compost,peat,andcoirshouldbeusedinmoderation

� Clayorsiltinmoderationwillhelpthesubstratewithmoistureretentionbutcanclogfilterfabrics

� Soilandcompostcanmakeupthemajorityoftheblendwithotheramendmentsupto30percentoftotal.Lightweightblendsusemore

DrainageMedium

� EPDMrubbermembraneEthylenePropyleneDieneTerpolymer(EPDM)elastomerichomogenousroofcovering.060”or.045”

� Nonwovenfilterfabricneedlepunched3.5oz.

� DrainagematEnkadrainorpermanentturfmat8x120ft.rolls

DrainageSystem

� 2-inchthreadedbulkheadconductors(scuppers)

� 3-inchto2-inchreducercouplings

� 3-inchdrainplumbing

Structural

� Differentregionshavevariedloadstandardsbasedonsnowfallandwind

� Deckshaveliveloadstandardsof60lbs/squarefootuniformlydistributed

� SlopedRoofslessthan4:12haveliveloadstandardsof20lbs/squarefootuniformlydistributed

� Extensivesystems(2–6inchesdepth)willincreaseloadsby14–35lbs/squarefoot

� Intensivesystems(6-14inchesdepth)increaseloadsby60–200lbs/squarefoot

DeadLoads

� Theweightofallmaterialsofconstructionincorporatedintothebuilding,includingbutnotlimitedtowalls,floors,roofs,ceilings,stairways,built-inpartitions,finishes,cladding,andothersimilarlyincorporatedarchitecturalandstructuralitems,andfixedserviceequipment

LiveLoads

� Thoseloadsproducedbytheuseandoccupancyofthebuildingorotherstructureanddonotincludeconstructionorenvironmentalloadssuchaswindload,snowload,rainload,earthquakeload,floodloadordeadload

EnvironmentalLoads

� Substrateorgrowingmediumweightcanvarydependingoncompactionandmoisturecontent

� Saturatedweightofsoilcandouble

� Poordrainagewillincreaseroofload

� Snowloadscanrangefrom5toover80lbs/squarefootdependinguponlocation

WeightofMaterials

� Substratematerials Weightof1-inchlayer(lbs/squarefoot)

� Biochar 1.6

� Brick 3.7

� Pumice 1.3

� Gravel 3.9

� Soil 4.0

� Perlite 1.0

� Vermiculite 0.2

� LECAclaygranules 0.8

� Water 2.1

RoofSlope

� Slopedroofsarepronetomaterialsslippage

� Maximumpracticalroofslopeis2:12or9.5degreeswithoutuseofhorizontalstabilizers

� Withtheadditionofhorizontalbattensorlath,orgrids,slopecanbeincreasedto6:12or26degrees

Plantings

� SedumPureJoy

� SedumFuldaGlow

� JoePye

� Goldenrod

� GoldenAster

� RedClover

� GrassesandSedges

� Groundcovers

•VirginiaWildRyeandPrairieGrasses

Resources

� PlantingGreenRoofsandLivingWallsbyNigelDunnettandNoelKindsbury;TimberPressISBN0-88192-640-X

� NorthCarolinaStateBuildingCode:ResidentialCode2012

https://cdn-codes-pdf.iccsafe.org/public/getpdf/9455/2012_NC_Residential_Code.pdf

� SmallGreenRoofs:Low-TechOptionsforGreenerLivingbyNigelDunnett,DustyGedge;TimberPressISBN978-1604690590

� CreatingMyGreenRoofbyDaveHilary;CreateSpaceIndependentPublishingISBN978-1478368076

� StructuralDesignLoadsforOne-andTwo-FamilyDwellings

http://www.aresconsulting.biz/publications/str%20loads.pdf

� ResidentialDesignloadsandConstruction

� http://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_2582_0.pdf

� TypesandFeaturesofGreenRoofSubstrates

� http://vpts.edu.rs/sed17/CD%20Proceedings%202017/proceedings/6-6.pdf

� PotentialCarbonOffsetRepresentedbyaGreenRoof;AmmyMarieGeorgeUniv.ofVirginia2012

� file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/George_AmmyMarie_2012.pdf

� AmericanWoodCouncil

� https://www.awc.org/

� SouthernPineSpanTables

� http://www.southernpine.com/span-tables/

� NorthCarolinaNativePlantSocietyhttps://www.ncwildflower.org/native_plants/recommendations

� LadyBirdJohnsonWildflowerCenter

� (searchbystate)

� https://www.wildflower.org/plants/