planning context & types topic 3. topics 1.planning types and planners traditional democratic...
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PLANNING CONTEXT & TYPESTOPIC 3
TOPICS
1. Planning types and planners• Traditional• Democratic• Equity• Incremental• Strategic 2. Planning models• Rational • Strategic
PLANNING & PLANNERSPLANNING TYPE
Theoretical bases
Goal or ends
Planner’s role
Planning areas
TRADITIONAL •Organization theory
•Scientific management
•System Dynamics
Application of reason and facts
Scientist searching for the “correct” way to plan
•Transportation•Land use •Capital facilities planning•Policy Analysis
DEMOCRATIC •Political Science
•Democratic theory
•Public participation•Bottom-up planning
Planner as an educator of citizen’s choices
Across the board
PLANNING & PLANNERSPLANNING TYPE
Theoretical bases
Goal or ends
Planner’s role
Planning areas
EQUITY •Historic Materialism
•Critical Theory
•Social justice•Empowering the powerless
Planner as an advocate (pro bono)
•Environment
•Housing
•Community
development
INCREMENTAL Liberal politics
Satisfactory instead utility maximization
Planner as a mediator of the public and special interest
Across the board
STRATEGIC Corporate management
Oriented toward results or outcomes
Planner as a consultant /entrepreneur
•Economic development
PLANNING MODELS
THE RATIONAL APPROACH 1. Analysis of the situation/problem formulation2. Goals formulation3. Identification/design of alternative strategies4. Assessment of alternatives by tracing their
consequences 5. Choice/decision6. Implementation of the plan 7. Evaluation of the plan and feedback
PU
BLI
C P
AR
TIC
IPA
TIO
N
PROBLEM FORMULATION
GOAL FORMULATION
IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION
SELECT THE BEST ALTERNATIVE
PLAN IMPLEMENTATION & EVALUATION
RATIONAL PLANNING
THE STRATEGIC APPROACH
1. Scan the environment2. Select key issues3. Set mission statement or broad goals4. Undertake external & Internal analysis 5. Develop goals, objectives, and strategies with
respect to each other 6. Development and plan implementation to carry
out strategic actions7. Monitor, update, and scan
STRATEGIC PLANNINGIDENTIFY THE STRATEGIC ISSUES
AG
EN
CY
EX
TE
RN
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
AG
EN
CY
INT
ER
NA
L E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
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IDENTIFY CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC ISSUES
COMPLETE SORTING INFORMATION
EMPLOY ANALYTICAL TOOLSSWOT ANALYSIS
STRATEGIC ISSUES IDENTIFIED
KEY QUESTIONS • What are the differences between strategic &
traditional planning? • What are the theoretical bases of strategic
planning? • What is the role of the planner in strategic
planning? • What are the goals or ends in strategic
planning? • How would strategic planning be applied to the
El Paso-Juarez context? What are the strategic issues? What are the key SWOT in the El Paso-Juarez region?
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN EL PASO-CIUDAD JUAREZ
PU
BLI
C P
AR
TIC
IPA
TIO
N
PROBLEM FORMULATION
GOAL FORMULATION
IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION
SELECT THE BEST ALTERNATIVE
PLAN IMPLEMENTATION & EVALUATION
IDENTIFY THE STRATEGIC ISSUES
AG
EN
CY
EX
TE
RN
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
AG
EN
CY
INT
ER
NA
L E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
T
IDENTIFY CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC ISSUES
COMPLETE SORTING INFORMATION
EMPLOY ANALYTICAL TOOLSSWOT ANALYSIS
STRATEGIC ISSUES IDENTIFIED