planning of workflow by combined use of location-based scheduling and 4d cad rogier jongeling luleå...
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Planning of workflow by combined use of location-based scheduling and
4D CAD
Rogier Jongeling
Luleå University of Technology
eBygg – Centre for Information Technology in Construction
http://construction.project.ltu.se
PhD research by Rogier Jongeling
Introduction
• Motivating Example
• Observations
Research questions
Method
• Projects
Results
MOTIVATION
There is a great potential to improve workflow in construction
– 15-20% of construction worker's time spent on direct work– 45% indirect work (preparations, instructions, getting material,
etc.)– 35% redoing errors, waiting, disruptions, etc.
Managing the flow of work by improved planning methods can significantly contribute to reduction of waste in the construction process
Enabling technologies / developments– 3D/4D CAD– Lean Construction– Location-based scheduling
MotivatingExample
TraditionalTraditional Form WorkReinforcement On-SiteStandard Concrete
IndustrializedPermanent Form WorkReinforcement CarpetsSelf Compacting Concrete
Trad AVI Ind AVI Comb AVI
0 Reference III: Used Work Space
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
Time
M2
ShoringForm WorkRebarConcreteTotal Used
Analyses from 4D model
Industrialized III: Used Work Space
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
Time
M2
Shoring
Form WorkRebar
Concrete
Total Used
Analyses from 4D model
Overlap
0 Reference III: Distance Form Work - Reinforcement
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
Time
Meters
Middle
Closest
Scheduling Method - CPM
Location-based scheduling
Observations
Evaluating 4D models– Beyond snapshots & AVI movie– Quantify 4D results
Representation– Design model <> Production model– Aspects of tasks without a geometric representation,
but with a spatial dimension
Scheduling method– Discrete events <> Flow
Research Questions
What is workflow?
What scheduling methods are available / required to plan for workflow?
What is a 4D CAD based method to plan for workflow?
What analyses of 4D model content are required?
Method
Literature study
Projects- Application- Observations
Formalization
Projects
Virtual Construction Course Luleå University, Sweden
LKAB Pelletizing Plant Malmberget, Sweden
Processmetod
Course Virtual Construction 2005
ArchiCAD ADT.IFC VRML
Excel Dynaproject Excel
Commonpoint 4D
.txt
Defining the spatial sub-system
Integration of 3D and Line of Balance 4D
Integration facilitates the cost estimation, planning and 4D modelling process
4D model is a valuable complement to the LoB diagram
4D model shows what is done, but not how
Analyses of the 4D model are visual and not quantitative
Micro-planning of activities
LKAB MK3
LKAB MK3 – 4D modelling4D macro model: planning + 3D building model objects
4D micro model: 4D base model + workspaces (type, duration)
4D base model
4D+ model I
4D+ model II
AnalysRisks
Logistics
Flow
# types
distances
m2 area
# areas
DeliverablesJournal PapersPublished
– ITcon – nD modeling in the development of cast in place concrete structures
Accepted– Automation in Construction – A method for planning of workflow by combined use of
location-based scheduling and 4D CAD
Submitted– CACAIE – Macro- and micro-management of workflow using location-based
scheduling and 4D CAD– Construction Innovation – Lean Planning, a case study of a multi-storey timber
housing project using Line-of-Balance and 4D CAD– CIFE Quantitative analyses of 4D models
Conference Papers– INCITE 2004– ECPPM 2004– ICCEM 2005– INCITE 2006
PhD Thesis 20 November 2006
Questions?
Rogier [email protected]+46702702543
Luleå University of TechnologyeBygg – Centre for Information Technology in Constructionhttp://construction.project.ltu.se