Plant Organs and Systems

Levels of organization for plants and animals

Plant organization Plant cell (bark cell) Plant tissue (bark tissue) Plant organ (leaves, stems, roots)

Plant system (work together to make, transport, and store food)

Plant Organs Leaf:

– function: make food, give shape, keep water inside plant

Vascular bundle

(xylem & phloem)

lower epidermisstomata

cuticle

epidermis

palisade mesophyll

spongy mesophyll

guard cell

Leaf Parts: Cuticle: waxy layer on outside surface, prevents water loss

Epidermis: outer layer, protection Mesophyll: photosynthetic tissue, made up of 2 layers

Stomata: openings on leaf surface for exchange of gases

Guard cell: controls the size of the stomata

Xylem: carries water from roots to leaves

Phloem: carries food from leaves to other parts of the plant

Plant Organs Stems:

– functions: hold the leaves up, moves water, food, and other materials.

Plant Organs Roots:

– functions: take in water and other materials from soil, hold plant in soil, store extra food

Plant Organs

Non reproductive parts = petal and sepal

Reproductive parts = stamen and pistil•Stamen – male reproductive part contains the anther which makes the pollen containing sperm

•Pistil – female reproductive part contains the ovary at the bottom which holds ovule that makes the eggs

Flowers:

In plants, sexual reproduction takes place in the flower.

In plants, sexual In plants, sexual reproduction takes place reproduction takes place in the flowerin the flower..

Flower Flower StructureStructure

Female Parts

Pistil = the female structure of the flower– Ovary = contains ovules where eggs are formed.

– Stigma = receives the pollen during fertilization.

– Style = area between the stigma and ovary.

Male Parts

Stamen = the male reproductive structure of a flower– Anther = where pollen is produced.

– Filament = holds up the anther

– Pollen = male gamete

Pollen shape is different for each plant

Other Flower Structures

Petals = usually colorful, leaf-like structures surrounding the male and female reproductive organs.

Sepals = found below the petals and encase the rest of the flower when it is in bud and not yet opened

Plant Processes Transpiration: the evaporation of water from the stomata of leaves

Absorption: uptake of water from the roots

Response to stimulus: plants respond to external stimuli from a specific direction Ex: tropisms

Tropisms: “trop” = turn, change “ism” = thing Phototropism = the tendency of a plant to move towards a light source

Hydrotropism = the tendency of a plant to grow with the roots reaching toward water

Geotropism = the tendency of a plant to grow with the roots downward and with the leafy parts upward