plant overview and reproduction pre-ap biology. 2 what is a plant? members of the kingdom plantae...
TRANSCRIPT
Plant Overview and Reproduction
Pre-AP Biology
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What Is a Plant?• Members of the kingdom Plantae• Plants are multicellular
eukaryotes • Plants have cell walls made of
cellulose. • Plants develop from multicellular
embryos and carry out photosynthesis using the green pigments chlorophyll a and b
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Overview of the Plant Kingdom
• Botanists divide the plant kingdom into four groups based on three important features:
1. Water conducting tissues2. Seeds3. Flowers
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The Plant Life Cycle
• Characterized by alternation of generations:the two generations are the haploid (N) gametophyte, or gamete-producing plant, and the diploid (2N) sporophyte, or spore-producing plant.
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Monocots and Dicots
• Monocots and dicots are named for the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in the plant embryo. Monocots have one seed leaf, and dicots have two seed leafs
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Reproduction of Seed Plants
Chapters 24
Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
• Reproduction in gymnosperms takes place in cones
• Male cones produce – pollen grains
• Female cones produce – ovules
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Flowers and Fruits• Angiosperms have unique
reproductive organs known as flowers.
Q: Why are flowers evolutionary adaptations?
A: they attract animals that pollinate them
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Structure of Flowers• Flowers are reproductive
organs that are composed of 4 kinds of specialized leaves
Sepals• Enclose the
bud before it opens, leaf-like
Petals• Brightly colored, attract
insects to flower
Stamen• Male reproductive
structure of flower, made of 2 parts
• Filament – long, thin, stalk that supports the anther
• Anther – makes pollen grains
Anther
Filament
Anther + Filament = Stamen
Pistil• Female reproductive
structure, made of 3 parts
Stigma• where pollen
grains land, sticky
Style• Connects stigma to ovary
Style
Ovary• swollen base of
the pistil where ovules are formed
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• Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds
• After pollination, the ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and aids in its dispersal.
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Fruit • Ripened ovary, thick wall of
tissue that surrounds the seed
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PollenPollen Grain• Contains the male gamete
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Pollination • The transfer of pollen from
the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte
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Seeds• An embryo of a plant that is
encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply
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Embryo• Early development stage of a
sporophyte plant• The seed’s food supply
provides nutrients to the embryo as it grows
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Seed Coat• Surrounds and protects the
embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out
• Can be specialized for dispersal
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Pollination• Most gymnosperms (some
angiosperms) are wind pollinated• Most angiosperms are pollinated
by animals• Insect pollination beneficial to
insects and other animals: provides them with food
• Plants also benefit: this method of pollination is more efficient
Seed Dispersal• Animals• Wind and water
Ultraviolet Flowers
http://www.naturfotograf.com/UV_flowers_list.html