plants cells & tissue€¦ · plant tissues are made of three basic cell types. parenchyma cell...
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Plants Cells & Tissue
Chapter 21.1 Pages618-620
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Cellulose
Click to add text
is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants
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Plant tissues are made of three basic cell types.
parenchyma cell
• the most common type of plant cell
• stores starch, oils, and water for the plant. cells throughout a plant.
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collenchyma cell
• has cell walls that range from thin to thick, providing support while still allowing the plant to grow.
Plant tissues are made of three basic cell types.
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Plant organs are made of three tissue systems.
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dermal tissue
that covers the outside of a plant and protects it in a
variety of ways.
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Ground Tissue
• which makes up much of the inside of a plant. Ground tissue provides support and stores materials in roots and stems.
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Transport
systems move energy from
leaves and raw materials from
roots to all their parts.
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vascular tissue
transports water, mineral nutrients, and organic compounds to all parts of the plant
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Xylem
• is the vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved mineral nutrients up from the roots to the rest of the plant
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Phloem
is the vascular tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis
through the plant.
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Epithelial
• layer of cells closely bound to one another to form continuous sheets covering surfaces that may come into contact with foreign substances.
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Vascular System, Roots and Stems
Chapter 21.2 Pages 621-633
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Vascular Cylinder
• In the center of the root.
•made of xylem and phloem tissues.
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Root Hair
• find their way through the spaces between soil particles.
• adds to the surface area available to take up water.
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Root Cap
• Covering the tip of the root.
• a small cone of cells that protects the growing part of the root as it pushes through the soil.
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Meristem
• Just behind the root cap.
• Groups of cells that are the source of new cells form tissue.
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Fibrous Root
• systems make fine branches in which most of the roots are the same size.
• These roots spread like a mat beneath the soil surface, and firmly anchor the plant to the ground.
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Taproot
• systems have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branches.
• Long taproots allow plants to get water from deep in the ground.
• The thick taproot can also sometimes store food.
• Radishes, carrots, and beets are examples of taproots that we eat.
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Primary Growth
• Growth that increases a plant’s length makes stems grow taller or roots grow longer
• growth takes place in apical meristems found at the ends of stems and roots.
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Secondary Growth
• adds to the width in the stems and roots of woody plants.
• Dicot trees, such as oak and maple, produce a lot of secondary growth over their lifetimes.
• Secondary growth takes place in lateral meristems in the outer trunk layers.
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Blade
• is usually broad and flat, and it collects the sunlight for the plant.
Petiole
• The blade connects to the stem by a thin stalk
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Mesophyll
• Between the two dermal layers of a leaf is parenchyma tissue.
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Guard Cell
• surround each stoma, and can open and close by changing shape.
Stomata
there are tiny holes in the cuticle, called
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epidermis
• in botany, outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant