plasma drilling

7/26/2019 Plasma Drilling

1/31

SEMINAR ON PLASMA DRILLING

Presented by:Rupa Kumari Alok Kumar Singh

Pankaj Kumar

Nishankit Kumar Prateek Kumar Singh

Department o PetroleumEngineering In!ian S"hool oMines#Dhan$a!


2/31

Plasma Deep DrillingTechnology

It is one o se&eral !i'erent &ariants o re"entl(e)plore! ne* !rilling te"hnologies *hi"h *oul!$e a$le to su$stitute "on&entional an! "onta"t+$ase! rotar( s(stems, -igh+energeti" ele"tri"al

plasma is a te"hnolog( "urrentl( $eing !e&elope!in !eep !rilling appli"ations to a!!ress man(issues relate! to !rilling in *ater en&ironment orin the pro!u"tion o $oreholes *ith a *i!e range

o !iameters,


3/31

Plasma Deep DrillingTechnology

.hese ne* te"hnologies# in"lu!ing plasma !eep!rilling# *ater jet# h(!rothermalspallation or laser# are matter o a"ti&e resear"h,

Onl( a &er( small num$er o "ompanies ha&eem$ra"e! plasma+!rilling metho!# e,g, GADrilling# hea!/uartere! in 0ratisla&a# Slo&akia,


4/31

Physical Principle of ElectricalPlasma


5/31

Physical Principle

An ele"tri" ar" is an ele"tri"al $reak!o*n o a gasthat pro!u"es an ongoing plasma !is"harge#resulting rom a "urrent 1o*ing through normall(non"on!u"ti&e me!ia su"h as air or gas,

An ar" !is"harge is "hara"teri2e! $( a lo*er&oltage than a glo* !is"harge# an! relies onthermioni" emission o ele"trons rom theele"tro!es supporting the ar",

.he ele"tri" ar" is in1uen"e! $( a"tors su"h as:the gas 1o*# inner an! outer magneti" 3el!s# an!"onstru"tion elements o the "ham$er *hi"h"on3ne the ar",


6/31

Plasma torch

It is a !e&i"e or generating a !ire"te! 1o*o plasma, .he plasma jet "an $e use! orappli"ations in"lu!ing plasma "utting# plasmaspra(ing# an! plasma ar" *aste !isposal,

It is also kno*n as a plasma arc# plasma gun#or plasma cutter.


7/31

Plasma cutting

Plasma cuttingis a pro"ess that is use! to"ut steel an! other metals o !i'erent thi"knesses orsometimes other materials like ro"ks using a plasmator"h,

In this pro"ess# a gas 4o)(gen# air# inert an! others!epen!ant on material5 is $lo*n at high spee! out oa no22le6 at the same time an ele"tri"al ar" is orme!through that gas rom the no22le to the sura"e$eing "ut# turning some o that gas to plasma,

.he plasma is hot enough to melt the metal or ro"k$eing "ut an! mo&es ast enough to $lo* moltenmetal a*a( rom the "ut,


8/31

How a Plasma Cutter Works


9/31

Working of a Plasma Cutter

Plasma "utters *ork $( sen!ing an ele"tri" ar"through a gas that is passing through a"onstri"te! opening, .he gas "an $e shop air#nitrogen# argon# o)(gen, et",

.his ele&ates the temperature o the gas to thepoint that it enters a 7th state o matter, 8e allare amiliar *ith the 3rst three: i,e,# soli!# li/ui!#

an! gas, S"ientists "all this a!!itional stateplasma,


10/31

Working of a Plasma Cutter

As the material $eing "ut is part o the "ir"uit# theele"tri"al "on!u"ti&it( o the plasma "auses thear" to transer to the *ork,

.he restri"te! opening 4no22le5 the gas passesthrough "auses it to s/ee2e $( at a high spee!#like air passing through a &enturi in a "ar$uretor,

.his high spee! gas "uts through the molten

metal, .he gas is also !ire"te! aroun! theperimeter o the "utting area to shiel! the "ut,


11/31

Plasma Channel MicroholeDrilling Technology

.his resear"h aims to !e&elop a ne* plasma"hannel !rilling 4P9D5 metho! or !rilling o small!iameter holes !."#$" cm% for sidetrack

creation and multilateral !rilling, .he metho! relies upon the use o the energ( o

impulse plasma !is"harges *hi"h are orme!insi!e ro"k ormation ahea! o the !rill position,

Repeate! ormation o the plasma "hannelresults in an e'e"ti&e an! "ontrolle! !rillinga"tion,


12/31

Plasma Channel MicroholeDrilling Technology

In the "ase o ne* small+s"ale oil 3el!s#multilateral *ells *ith multiple hori2ontalsi!etra"ks "an make them pro3ta$le $( re!u"ingthe num$er o *ells nee!e! to !rain a reser&oir,

9urrentl(# me"hani"al !rilling te"hni/ues su"h asthrough tu$ing rotar( !rilling an! "oile! tu$ing!rilling are use! or these purposes .

.he ne* non+rotational P9D metho! o !rilling

narro* holes $( high &oltage spark $reak!o*n oro"k "an $e an ine)pensi&e an! e"ientalternati&e to me"hani"al rotar( te"hni/ues,


13/31

Mechanism of Plasma ChannelDrilling

Plasma "hannel !rilling is a pro"ess in *hi"hsu$mi"rose"on! ele"tri"al $reak!o*n o ro"ks isuse! or e"ient ragmentation o ro"kormations,

.his preerential ele"tri"al $reak!o*n o ro"k isa"hie&e! $( the use o a !iele"tri" li/ui! 4*ateror e)ample5 as the !rilling 1ui!,

.he !rilling 1ui! in the P9D pro"ess ser&es as a

superior ele"tri"al insulator !ue to !i'eren"es inthe ele"tri"al properties $et*een the ro"k an! the!iele"tri" li/ui! un!er impulse "on!itions,


14/31

Plasma Channel Drilling &ystem

.he plasma+"hannel !rilling s(stem "onsists o apulse! po*er !ri&ing "ir"uit# a plasma "hannel!rill *ith in"orporate! *ater "ir"ulation tu$es# ametalli" support rame or the plasma "hannel!rill# an! a high pressure# high 1o*+rate *aterpump,


15/31

9omponents o a P9D S(stem


16/31

Pulsed Power Circuit

.he pulse! po*er suppl( "omprises a primar( high&oltage po*er suppl( pro&i!ing a "harging &oltageo up to 7; k;;?ipulse, .he pulse repetition rate *as in the rangeo "#'( pulses)second.


17/31

Plasma Channel Drill

In the present *ork# a ra!iall( s(mmetri" ele"tro!e!esign *as utilise! in the plasma "hannel !rillhea!, .his !rill hea! "onsists o an internal high&oltage !is" ele"tro!e an! an e)ternal groun!e!

"up+like ele"tro!e,

.his pro&i!es an annular inter+ele"tro!e gap su"hthat the plasma "hannels "an orm in an( position

*ithin the gap, As a result# sel+rotation o theplasma o""urs !uring the !rilling a"tion an! thisremo&es an( ne"essit( or me"hani"al rotation othe !rill shank,


18/31

En*ironmental +pplications ofPlasma &pectrometer in ,il

-ndustry Plasma emission an! plasma mass spe"trometer are

use! or en&ironmental appli"ation in oil in!ustr(,

Plasma emission an! plasma mass spe"trometer aree'e"ti&e or en&ironmental *ork !ue to multi

element nature# sensiti&it( an! !(nami" range ote"hni/ues,

.he te"hni/ue use the in!u"ti&el( "ouple! plasma4l9P5,

.he I9P is a high temperature !is"harge *hi"h isorme! at the top o a glass tor"h $( the intera"tiono a ra!io re/uen"( 3el! *ith a gas stream,

Gas use! is argon,


19/31

Po*er is "ouple! into the gas stream $( in!u"ti&e

heating a"hie&ing &er( high temperatures ;;; K5are a"hie&e! in the plasma,

8hen a li/ui! is intro!u"e! into the plasma in the

orm o a 3ne aerosol# the aerosol un!ergoes the&arious pro"esses o !esol&ation # &apori2ation #atomi2ation # e)"itation an! ioni2ation,

.his te"hni/ue is e)tensi&el( use! in I9P + opti"alemission spe"trometr( 4I9P+OES5 an! I9P + massspe"trometr( 4I9P+MS5,


20/31

-CP ,ptical Emission&pectrometry

More mature te"hnolog( than I9P+MS, .he pol("hromati" light emitte! rom the plasma is

"olle"te! an! !isperse! &ia the !i'ra"tion grating o anopti"al spe"trometer,

.(pes o spe"trometer &ar( enormousl( rom 3)e!*a&elength instruments ha&ing se&eral anal(ti"al linesa&aila$le or simultaneous !ete"tion 4pol("hromators5to &aria$le *a&elength instruments *here themeasurement *a&elength is sele"te! in se/uential

ashion $( mo&ement o the grating itsel or $( mo&ingthe !ete"tor,

.his instrument uses t*o mono"hromators to "o&er the*a&elength range @=; nm to ;; nm,

.he !ete"tor is a photomultiplier 4PM5 tu$e


21/31

-CP Mass &pectrometry

I9P is "ouple! *ith a /ua!rupole mass spe"trometer, Ions are e)tra"te! rom the plasma &ia a !i'erentiall(

pumpe! intera"e region# into the mass spe"trometer,

.he plasma tor"h is mounte! hori2ontall( along the

a)is o the mass spe"trometer, .he $ulk plasma is sample! through the aperture in

this "one,

Positi&el( "harge! ions are then e)tra"te! an!o"use! $( the ion opti"s# negati&el( "harge! ions are

repelle! an! neutral atoms an! mole"ules !i'usea*a(,

Ions are !ete"te! $( an ele"tron multiplier an! thepulses are store! $( a !ata han!ling s(stem,


22/31

En*ironmental +pplicationsof Plasma &pectrometry

I9P+MS is 4pre!ominantl(5 a solution anal(siste"hni/ue in *hi"h the sample is intro!u"e! to theplasma in the orm o 3nel( ne$ulise! aerosol,

.he *eak a"i! e)tra"ts an! strong a"i! !igests *ere

anal(se! $( I9P+MS# ater !ilution *ith *ater,


23/31

Plasma Torch Perforation to routeH/ in uncon*entional reser*oirs

Re"ent a!&an"es in high po*er plasma tor"hte"hnolog( pro&i!e an apparatus to repla"e the"on&entional peroration metho!s in oil an! gas*ells,

-igh po*er plasma tor"hes are "apa$le o "uttingan! remo&ing ro"ks te)tures e"ientl(,

Plasma tor"h peroration is gone along *ith heat1u) generation,


24/31

Plasma Torch Perforation to routeH/ in uncon*entional reser*oirs

As the temperature in"reases !uring plasma tor"hoperation# thermal energ( a""umulates thematri) e)pansion, .his e)pansion generatethermal stresses in!u"e the ro"k te)ture,

urthermore# thermal stresses e)"ee!s the ro"kstrength# thermal ra"tures *ill orm in te)turethat mainl( !epen! on ro"k thermal properties#

pore si2e !istri$ution# applie! thermal stressesan! "on3ning an! pore pressures,


25/31


26/31


27/31


28/31


29/31

+d*antages

In"reasing the rate o penetration 4ROP5signi3"antl( an! thereore re!u"ing the !rillingoperation "ost,

Re!u"ing or eliminating rig !a( rate# "asingre/uirements# an! trip time,

Pro&i!ing enhan"e! *ell+"ontrol# perorating# an!si!e+tra"king "apa$ilities,

Pro&i!ing these "apa$ilities *ith en&ironmentall(attra"ti&e# sae# an! "ost+e'e"ti&e te"hnolog(,


30/31

+d*antages

Sta$ili2ing the roo o the ne* holes# just $e"ausethe po*er o laser an! the melte! plasma la(er"o&ere! the *all o the hole an! make it mu"hmore sta$le than $eore,

Less amount o skin e'e"ts,

.he laser !rilling has sho*n its a$ilit( to !rill slimhole su""essull( an! e'e"ti&el( repla"e thepre&ious metho!s,


31/31

plasma drilling

Documents