plastics and composites performance : cost & weight · electrolux core technology &...
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Dr. Chris DeArmittDr. Chris DeArmitt
Senior Project ManagerElectrolux Core Technology & Innovation
Plastics and CompositesPerformance : Cost & Weight
1
•What are the key mechanical properties for plastics and composites ?
•Which polymer gives the best performance : cost & weight ?•How can fillers be used to improve these properties even
further ?•Are nano-composites cost competitive ?•How does the future look ?
Outline
2
PA6
LDPE
PP-cHDPE
PP-h
HIPS
POMABS
PC
PET
PS
SAN
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
Cost of Material (Euros / litre)
Mod
ulus
(GP
a)
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
3
SAN
PS
PET
PC
ABS
POM
HIPS
PP-h
HDPE
PP-c
LDPE
PA6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
Cost of Material (Euros / litre)
Tens
ile S
tren
gth
(MP
a)
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
4
PA6
LDPE
PP-c
HDPE
PP-h
HIPS
POM
ABS
PC
PETPSSAN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.60 1.60 2.60 3.60 4.60 5.60Cost of Material (Euros / litre)
HD
T 1.
8 M
Pa
(o C)
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
5
PA6
PP-c
HDPE
PP-h
HIPS
POM
ABS
PC = 80
PETPS SAN
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
Cost of Material (Euros / litre)
Impa
ct S
tren
gth
(kJ/
m2 )
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
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SANPS
PETPCABS POM
HIPS
PP-hHDPE
PP-c
LDPE
PA6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.60 1.60 2.60 3.60 4.60
Cost of Material (Euros / litre)
Mod
ulus
(GP
a)PP-CaCO3PP-TalcPP-Mineral FibrePP-Glass FibrePP-Mica
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40
Cost of Composite (Euros / litre)
Mod
ulus
(GP
a)Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreWollastoniteNanoclay
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40
Cost of Composite (Euros / litre)
Yie
ld S
tres
s (M
Pa)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreWollastoniteNanoclay
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30
Composite Density (gcm-3)
Mod
ulus
(GP
a)Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclay
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50
Composite Density (gcm-3)
Yie
ld S
tres
s (M
Pa)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclay
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
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60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30
Composite Density (gcm-3)
HD
T 0.
46 M
Pa
(o C)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclay
Dr. Chris DeArmitt
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Conclusion• The key mechanical design properties are modulus, yield
strength, impact strength and HDT.• PP is the best matrix in terms of performance : cost.• For household appliances, cost is most important, whereas
for the automotive industry material density is also a factor. • Fillers can enhance the properties of PP to give composites
of even better performance : cost & performance : weight.• Nano clay is not yet cost competitive with glass fibre, but
better surface finish and flame retardance could offset that.• In the future we can expect to see continued growth in the
composites market. All fillers will continue to have a place and nano-composites will emerge as the cost decreases. 13