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8/7/2019 Plax Wax Final

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Presented by:

Syeda Zeenat Raza

Maryam Naem

Amrit Mir

Humera Liaquat


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Periodontal diseases are those diseases thataffect one or more of the periodontal tissues:

alveolar bone periodontal ligament cementum

gingivaserious bacterial infections that destroy the gums

and the surrounding tissues of the mouth.

Case Type I: GingivitisCase Type II: Early PeriodontitisCase Type III: Moderate PeriodontitisCase Type IV: Advanced Periodontitis


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Untreated gingivitis can advance to

periodontitis and eventually lead to tooth loss

and other health problems.Periodontal disease is the number-one cause

of tooth loss. According to the 1996 American

Dental Association/Colgate survey, U.S.

dentists say gum disease is a more pressingoral health concern than tooth decay by a 2-

to-1 margin.


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Conditions in periodontal disease


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Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory diseases

affecting the periodontium, i.e., the tissues

that surround and support the teeth.

Periodontitis involves progressive loss of the

alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left

untreated, can lead to the loosening and

subsequent loss of teeth.


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Sign and symptoms;

bleeding gums during tooth brushing

red, swollen or tender gums

gums that have pulled away from the teeth

persistent bad breath

pus between the teeth and gums

loose or separating teeth

a change in the way your teeth fit together whenyou bite

a change in the fit of partial dentures


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Treatment

Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing)

Medications

Surgical Treatments(flap surgery, Bone andTissue Grafts.


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Gingivitis

Gingivitis ("inflammation of the gum tissue") is aterm used to describe non-destructiveperiodontal disease.[1]

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms of gingivitis are somewhat non-specific and manifest in the gum tissue as theclassic signs of inflammation:

Swollen gums

Bright red or purple gums

Gums that are tender or painful to the touch

Bleeding gums or bleeding after brushing


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Treatment

removal of the etiologic (causative) agent,

plaque. and may take the form of regular

periodic visits to a dental professional

together with adequate oral hygiene home

care. such as scaling, root planing, curettage,

mouth washes containing chlorhexidine or

hydrogen peroxide, and flossing. Interdentalbrushes also help remove any causative

agents.


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Gingival Hyperplasia

Gingival enlargement, the currently acceptedterminology for an increase in the size of thegingiva, is a common feature of gingivaldisease

Types:

Inflammatory enlargement

Drug-induced enlargement(anticonvulsants ,

calcium channel blockers, ciclosporin, animmunosuppresant.

Enlargement associated with systemic factors


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The most common form of gingivitis is inresponse to bacterialbiofilms (also called

plaque) adherent to tooth surfaces,termed plaque-induced gingivitis, and isthe most common form ofperiodontaldisease. In the absence of treatment,

gingivitis may progress toperiodontitis,which is a destructive form ofperiodontal disease.


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Removal of the etiologic

(causative) agent, plaque. aimed at the reductionof oral bacteria, with adequate oral hygiene

home care. Thus, several of the methods used inthe prevention of gingivitis can also be used forthe treatment of manifest gingivitis, such asscaling, root planning, curettage, mouth washes

containing chlorhexidine or hydrogen peroxide,and flossing. Interdental brushes also helpremove any causative agents.


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Abscesses of the periodontium are localized acute bacterialinfections classified primarily based on location.

There are four types of abscesses associated with theperiodontal tissues:

Gingival abscesses Periodontal abscesses

Pericoronal abscesses

Combined periodontal/endodontic abscesses

Treatment for any of these lesions include incision anddrainage, and perhaps inclusion of an antibiotic regimen.


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an infection of the gum tissue. This presents as anacute infection of the gingiva without involvement ofthe other tissues of the periodontium. If the infectionhas progressed deeper into the periodontal tissues, it is

subclassified as "necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis"(NUP).

Treatment includes irrigation and debridement ofnecrotic areas (areas of dead and/or dying gum tissue),oral hygiene instruction and the uses ofmouth rinses

and pain medication. As these diseases are oftenassociated with systemic medical issues, propermanagement of the systemic disorders is appropriate.


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Desquamative gingivitis is a cutaneous conditioncharacterized by diffuse gingival erythema with varyingdegrees of mucosal sloughing and erosion.

Treatment

Oral and topical steroids.

Oral retinoids

Immunosuppressant medications

hydroxychloroquine

tacrolimus dapsone

Aloe Vera


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