please take out your module 46 reading assignment
DESCRIPTION
Energy Test Results Multiple Choice A = 31.5 B = 28 C = D = Retakes for scores of 24 and below must be done by next Friday. Short Answer A = 9-10 B = 8-9 C = 7-8 D = 6-7 Retakes for scores of 6.5 and belowTRANSCRIPT
Please take out your Module 46 reading assignment
Module 46Double-check your chart with mineCheck your multiple choice1.C2.B3.D4.A5.E
Energy Test ResultsMultiple ChoiceA = 31.5B = 28C = 24.5- 27.5D = 21-24
Retakes for scores of 24 and below must be done by next Friday.
Short AnswerA = 9-10B = 8-9C = 7-8D = 6-7
Retakes for scores of 6.5 and below
Energy Test Corrections1. Re-do FRQ parts that were incorrect2. For each multiple choice, write the down the
major/concept or definition that you missed. These can overlap.
3. These are due next Friday if you don’t finish them today.
4. Done? Move on to book notes on modules 47-48, with multiple choice!
Air PollutionAir pollutants come from three sources:
Mobile (cars)Stationary (factories)Natural (volcanoes, animals)
Due to gravity, pollutants tend to stay near in the troposphere (lowest layer of atmosphere)
Primary Air PollutantsPrimary pollutants: materials released into
the atmosphere in unmodified formsCarbon Oxides (CO and CO2)Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NO2)ParticulatesSulfur Dioxide (SO2)VOC’sCFC’s
Secondary pollutants: materials created when primary pollutants, sun and/or water mix
Carbon Monoxide (CO)Colorless, odorless, toxic gas formed by
incomplete burning of carbon compoundsSources: car exhaust, burning wood, tobacco
smokeCO attaches to hemoglobin, a protein in red
blood cells that carries oxygen After several hours of exposure, red blood cells
no longer carry oxygen, causing death
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Colorless, odorless gas93% of CO2 in troposphere is from natural
carbon cycle; 7% from human activityBurning of fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, coalBurning of forests and grasslands
Major cause of climate change (rise of atmospheric
temperatures since the Industrial Revolution)
Nitrogen Oxides (NO and NO2)Combustion in factories and car engines give
off NO (nitrogen oxide)NO combines with O2 in air to make NO2
(nitrogen dioxide), a reddish brown gasBoth nitrogen oxides are major contributors
to smog
ParticulatesParticulates = tiny pieces of solid materials
floating in atmosphereFrom burning fossil fuels, building
demolition, fires, industrial plants giving off ash
Can be carcinogenic (cancer causing), and can prevent lungs from exchanging CO2 and O2Prolonged exposure is key: asbestos, mining,
etc.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)Colorless gas that smells like rotten eggs1/3 comes from natural sulfur cycle2/3 comes from human activities
Burning of coalRefining of crude oilCan cause breathing problemsCan form H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) when it
combines with water vapor in atmosphere
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s)Organic compounds that exist as gases in
the airEx: CH4 (methane), C6H6 (benzene)
1/3 from natural causes; 2/3 from human activityLandfills, cows, industrial solvents, car and
power plant emissions, tobacco smokeMethane contributes to climate change;
Benzene can cause leukemia, blood disorders, and immune system damage
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)CFC’s (also called freons) are odorlesss,
colorless, and non-toxicUsed as coolants in refrigerators, cleaners,
propellants for aerosol productsBreak down into reactive chlorine, flourine,
and bromine atoms in the stratosphere, breaking down the ozone layer
Visualizing Air PollutionToday: firm up your general knowledge of
types and sources of air pollutionNext week: look specifically at photochemical
smog, acid rain