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CPC08CPC08CPC08CPC08

Learning Resource

CPCPSN4011A Plan, size and layout sanitary pipe work and

fixtures

NSW Plumbing Teachers

Testable double check valvebackflow protection of thedrinking water supply mustbe located at the meter andhose connection vacuum breakerson all hose tap outlets

Recycled water toLocal Government Authority

approved applications

Two pipe sanitary plumbing system which allows the harvestingof greywater for reuse / recycling.

ApprovedIrrigation System

VentVent

Bath

Shower Floorwaste

Bath

FloorwasteShower

Basin

LaundryTub

Basin

Basin

SoilStack

WasteStack

Greywater Treatment System

DGTS overflow todischarge through a Reflux Valve & Gully

House Drainage to Sewer

NOT FORDRINKING

TEACHER NOTES CPCPSN4011A Plan, size and layout sanitary pipe work and fixtures

© 2012 TAFENSW Version 1 Section 1-2

Contents Section One Introduction

1.1 Before you begin 1-3 1.2 Introduction to Sanitary Plumbing Systems 1-7 1.3 Types of Sanitary Plumbing Systems 1-9 1.4 Planning 1-20

Sanitary Plumbing General Installation Requirements Section 2 Sanitary Plumbing Single Stack System Section 3 Sanitary Plumbing Fully Vented System Section 4 Reduced Velocity Aerator Stack System Section 5



1.1 Before You Begin

Welcome

Welcome to the learning resource for the unit CPCPSN4011A Plan, size and layout sanitary pipe work and fixtures. This resource will help you develop the knowledge and skills you need to demonstrate competence in this unit.

A learning resource such as this is not intended to be the only source of information you use to develop skills and knowledge in the unit it relates to. Your trainer, instructor or supervisor will provide you with additional information and information sources throughout your training. IMPORTANT INFORMATION

The information contained in this resource is based on the learning outcomes meeting the requirements of the relevant current Australian Standards. It is also important for students to understand that plumbing and drainage work may also be carried out (in part or whole) to meet the installation requirements of the Plumbing Code of Australia (PCA). Students should obtain a copy of the PCA and any relevant Australian Standard to obtain a more in depth understanding of any installation requirements. Students can obtain the NSW variations for Australian Standard AS/NZS 3500, in the Appendices in the Plumbing Code of Australia (PCA).

Flexible delivery

Your trainer, instructor or supervisor for the unit may adapt and deliver this learning resource as required to suit people from a range of backgrounds and in diverse learning environments (such as rural and isolated settings). This will assist in meeting equity principles and conforming to legislative policies.

How to use this resource

This resource addresses the underpinning knowledge and skill development required to help you plan, size and layout sanitary pipe work and fixtures. It contains:

• information on planning, sizing and layout sanitary pipe work and fixtures

• activities designed to check and confirm your learning along the way and to help you complete the final assessment

• a summary of the final task or tasks you must complete to be assessed as competent in this unit. Your assessor will give you additional specific detail required for your final assessment activity in line with state and territory regulations and industry requirements.



The resource has been developed for use in a variety of ways. Your trainer, instructor or supervisor will advise on how best to use it during your training, which may include:

• teacher-centred, class-based study

• home-based, self-directed study

• activities in the workplace.

To complete the unit CPCPSN4011A Plan, size and layout sanitary pipe work and fixtures, you may be required to:

• read the information in this resource

• complete the resource activities as directed and submit your answers for review or discussion with your trainer, instructor or supervisor

• work with your trainer, instructor or supervisor to practise planning, sizing and laying out sanitary pipe work and fixtures

• read the final assessment summary together with any additional assessment information your assessor provides

• complete the final assessment.

Your assessment in this unit

Assessment in this unit will require you to demonstrate the skills and knowledge needed to carry out work based risk control processes. Table 1 on page 4 suggests the variety of assessment methods that may be used to assess your competence in this unit. In many instances, your assessment may involve a combination of methods to ensure the validity, reliability, flexibility and fairness of the process. If you have any questions about your assessment please discuss them with your assessor who will decide with you the specific details of what you will do. An assessor may develop specific assessment strategies to meet the particular requirements of learners from diverse backgrounds.

This unit may be assessed in conjunction with assessment for other units of competence. In such a case assessment might be based on a task or tasks related to a project that more closely resembles workplace activities. An appropriate unit for such project-based assessment might be one that naturally forms part of your workplace responsibilities and roles. Your assessor will decide if you are to be assessed in this way and will advise you.



Assessment methods

Key Assessment

method Description

QS Questioning oral/written

Assessor will ask a range of questions from a moderated bank of questions that support the underpinning skills and knowledge required to achieve competency in this unit. Questions may be answered in written or oral form.

WN Written notes Learner will complete written notes, activities or student resource materials to support the achievement of underpinning knowledge required to achieve competency in this unit.

TB Test bank Learner will complete computer test bank assessment which supports the underpinning skills and knowledge required to achieve competency in this unit.

PO Practical observation Assessor will observe the learner completing practical task(s) that meet the assessment criteria to the required specification in the workplace.

DM Demonstration Assessor will observe the learner completing practical task(s) that meet the assessment criteria to the required specification in a simulated work environment.

CS Case study/project Learner will complete workplace-based projects or case study reports to support the underpinning skills and knowledge required to achieve competency in this unit.

LB Logbook Learner will provide evidence of practical work and/or assessment tasks completed at the workplace via personal logbook.

3P Third party report Assessor will seek report from learner’s workplace employer, supervisor or other approved party on the performance of a learner in the workplace against assessment task criteria and requirements of the unit.

WD Workplace documents

Learner will provide copies of workplace documents to support the underpinning skills and knowledge required to achieve competency in this unit.

Table 1 – Assessment methods



Prerequisite units

There are no prerequisite units for this unit.

Additional resources

The following resources have been suggested that may help you undertake training and assessment in this unit. Your trainer, instructor or supervisor may also recommend specific books, videos and DVDs.

Note

Standards, websites and Plumbing Code of Australia change so it is important to keep up to date. Make sure you always have the most recent edition of these applicable to your current job. You should also obtain relevant manufacturer information.

Texts

• Building Code of Australia

• Plumbing Code of Australia

• AS/NZS 3500 Complete

• Plumbing and Drainage Guide BRANZ



1.2 Introduction to Sanitary Plumbing Systems In today’s multi-level buildings, the design of a sanitary system makes the difference in how well the system ‘works’. If that system doesn’t work efficiently, then the building is at best unpleasant to live or work in, and at worst, useless. This unit covers the skills and knowledge needed to plan, size and document the layout of sanitary pipe work and fixtures for a multi-floor building. You will have two assessments tasks for this unit. Each will require you to plan, size and document the layout of a sanitary system for a building with a minimum of six floors. In the first task, you will plan a single stack sanitary system for residential and commercial buildings. In the second, you will plan a fully vented modified sanitary system for a building with a basement.

What is a sanitary plumbing system? A sanitary plumbing system is an assembly of pipes, fittings, fixtures and appliances used to collect and convey sewage from fixtures to the sanitary drainage system. That is, the plumbing system refers mainly to the above ground parts of the sanitary system and the drainage system refers mainly to the below ground network that carries away the discharge. The system works in conjunction with the drainage system as explained above, however, design requirements differ because other issues besides the principals of drainage must be considered. For example, venting and gradients of pipe work must meet AS/NZS3500.2, the Australian Standard that sets out the minimum requirements for installation of a sanitary plumbing system and suggests acceptable solutions to specific problems. Other considerations include:

• fixture grouping

• manufacturer requirements for specific fixtures

• materials and product selection

• soil fixtures versus waste fixtures



Soil and waste fixtures Soil fixtures are used to discharge human waste excrement, using AS/NZS 3500.0 list the fixtures classed as soil:

• water closet pans

• urinals

• slop hoppers

• autopsy tables

• bedpan washers; and

• sanitary napkin disposal units Note All other fixtures are classified as waste fixtures. The two fixture types have different installation requirements and the installer must meet AS/NZS3500.2 standards when connecting either to the sanitary plumbing or drainage system. Soil and waste fixtures both carry materials that can be termed ‘hazardous’ which can cause disease in humans. This is a Work Health and Safety (WH&S) factor that you must consider when planning the design for sanitary projects in relation to both the end user of the system and the plumber who will install the work.

Materials and products Materials and products used in the system must ensure satisfactory service for the life of the installation. In selecting these, using AS/NZS3500.2, what are the five points needing consideration:

(a) The type of usage likely to occur and the nature of the liquids to be conveyed

(b) The nature of the environment and the ground and the possibility of chemical attack therefrom

(c) The physical and chemical characteristics of the materials and products

(d) The possibility of abrasion by solids in the flow, or of chemical attack

(e) The range of temperatures likely to discharge to the plumbing and drainage system



Product limitations needs to be considered Every product has specific limitations as defined by AS/NZS 3500.2. For example: i) A copper pipe or fitting shall not be used to convey undiluted discharges from urinals, trade

waste discharges that could have a deleterious effect upon the copper, e.g., wastes from photographic equipment or cooling towers; and

ii) discharge from grease arrestors Other limitations on the use of pipes and fittings can be found in AS/NZS3500.2. Unplasticised polyvinyl Chloride (PVC-U) is the most common material used in sanitary plumbing systems. It is lightweight, smooth and considered durable. Its high expansion rate, however, must be taken into account. It is important that you consider the appropriate jointing methods for use with the different types of materials used in sanitary systems. This information is available from the manufacturer’s specifications and AS/NZS3500.2. Discuss jointing methods for sanitary system materials with your trainer, instructor or supervisor if you need further information.

1.3 Types of Sanitary Plumbing Systems Sanitary plumbing systems may be:

• single stack / waste stack

• single stack modified

• fully vented

• fully vented modified; and

• reduced velocity aerator system

• elevated drainage



Single stack The single stack system is based on the principle that the air within the discharge pipes from fixtures, the stack and the stack vent allow for the permitted type and number of fixtures to be connected to the stack without the need for individual trap vents, or in the case of a range of fixtures, venting the common discharge pipes. The regulations are very clear on the differences between connections to domestic/residential buildings and those for commercial or industrial settings. These differences are to do with the number and types of fixtures connected to the stack, and the number of floor levels in the building as well as the number and type of fixtures that can be connected to each system.

Ground

S B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

WC

WC

WC

WC

WC

Shr

Shr

Shr

Shr

ShrWC

WC

WC

WC

WC

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

B

B

B

B

B

S

S

FW

FW

FW

FW

FW

S

STACK VENT (SEE CLAUSE 8.6)

FW

OBLIQUE JUNCTION

OBLIQUE JUNCTION



Single stack modified The single stack modified system permits stacks to receive a higher discharge loading or to be extended to serve a greater number of floor levels by introducing a relief vent and cross vents or pressure attenuator. The cross vents are installed between the relief vent and stack. The use of the single stack modified system allows for the increase in loading and height of the stack without the need to increase the nominal size of the stack.

Ground

S B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

B

Shr Bth.

WC

WC

WC

WC

WC

Shr

Shr

Shr

Shr

ShrWC

WC

WC

WC

WC

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

Tr. (L)

B

B

B

B

B

S

S

FW

FW

FW

FW

OBLIQUE JUNCTION

FW

S

OBLIQUE JUNCTION

SROSS-VENT (SEE TABLE 8.5)

RELIEF VENT (SEE TABLE 8.5)

STACK VENT (SEE CLAUSE 8.6)

FW



Fully vented The fully vented system is designed for the provision of separate ventilation for every fixture trap installed (other than fixtures discharging to a floor waste gully) and the trap of every floor waste gully. This is achieved by the installation of a trap vent or an air admittance valve on each fixture. This system was widely used in multi-storey work last century.

Stack

Sanitary Drainage

Stack Vent

Header Vent

Fixture PairRelief Vent

Stack

FW

Indirect Connected Fixture

Fixtures Back to Back

Common Vent

Relief Vent

Stack Vent

Trap Vent

Cross Vent

Relief Vent

Common Discharge Pipe

Branch Vent

Trap Vent

Branch Vent

Trap Vent

Fixture Discharge

Pipe

Fixture Discharge Pipe


Trap Vent


Gully

Branch Drain

Trap Vent

Terminal Vent


Trap Vent




Fully vented modified The fully vented modified system differs by allowing the traps of any group of two or more fixtures, or floor waste gullies, discharging into the same branch to be vented in common by one or more vents. This type of system as well as the Reduced Velocity Aerator system can be used when restrictions to the single stack and single stack modified system cannot be met.

Stack

Sanitary Drainage

Stack Vent

Header Vent

Fixture Pair

Relief Vent

Stack

FW

Indirect Connected Fixture

Fixtures Back to Back

Common Vent

Relief Vent

Stack Vent

Trap Vent

Cross Vent

Relief Vent


Group Vent

Group Vent




Trap Vent


Gully

Branch Drain

Trap Vent

Terminal Vent





Reduced Velocity Aerator System A reduced Velocity Aerator stack system differs from the fully vented system by using an aerator junction fitting (a proprietary junction fitting) in the stack at each floor level for connection of discharge pipes from the sanitary fixtures; a de-aerator is required at the base of the stack. Airflow requirements of the system are provided through the stack vent and where, if the lengths of discharge pipes exceed the maximum allowable length, the discharge pipe is vented by either a trap/group vent or an Air admittance valve.



As the water flows down a stack it increases in speed until sufficient air resistance would flatten out the water and form a complete blockage of the pipe, cause significant positive and negative pressures ahead and behind the flow. This positive and negative pressure would cause siphonage and/or backpressure causing loss of trap seal. To over come this in a Single Stack or Full Vented Modified system relief and cross vents or pressure attenuator are used. Within a reduced velocity aerator stack system positive and negative air pressure is controlled by aerator junction, (eliminating the need for relief and cross vents) the air in the system is balanced. The water clings to the wall discharging in a swirling action, leaving open airway in the centre of the pipe.

Waste Stack This is a stack that only carries discharges from waste fixtures and comes under the area of a Single Stack System, it usually used in high-rise and residential building to pick up waste fixtures such as sinks, laundry trough (tubs), etc that are located in a remote location. This will be covered in part in Section 3 Sanitary Plumbing Single Stack System. Students are encouraged to refer to AS/NZS3500.2 Section 8 to gain a more in-depth understanding of the special installation requirements for them.

Elevated Drainage System Above-ground (elevated) pipework (or aerial drainage) is hung by clips or a pipe support below the floor level to service fixtures above. It must meet regulations on length, nominal diameter, ventilation requirements, expansion and gradients. It is usually needed when fixtures are installed on a floor that has space underneath it, such as on a multi-storey job, where fixtures are to be drained to a stack. Provision is made in the space between the ceiling of the lower floor and the underside of the upper floor to allow for the drainage to be installed. We will not be covering the installation requirements for suspended (aerial) drainage within this unit; students are encouraged to refer to AS/NZS3500.2 Section 9 to gain an understanding of the special installation requirements for them.



Elevated Drainage System

Note: Sanitary fixtures are permitted to be connected between the stack connection point and the

top floor using sanitary plumbing principles, the top floor fixtures may be connected using either sanitary plumbing or drainage principles, refer AS/NZS 3500.2 Section 9



On-Site Greywater systems These days there is mounting pressure to have on-site greywater management systems, consisting of either a greywater diversion device/s or greywater treatment system. Greywater is all the household wastewater from baths, showers, basins and laundries, kitchen wastewater is not recommended for re-use as it may contain large amounts of grease, fat, food waste and detergents. Untreated greywater generated by a single residential dwelling may only be directly diverted to an on-site sub-surface irrigation system.

Diversion of Greywater There are two acceptable methods of diverting greywater:

(a) Single-pipe sewer system - In a single-pipe sewer system the greywater diversion shall be before a waste fixture trap.

(b) Two-pipe sewer system (a waste stack and a soil stack) - Where a two-pipe system is installed only the waste stack is diverted to the greywater diversion or treatment system.

GREYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

The supply, installation and operation of on-site greywater treatment systems for single residential dwellings shall comply with the requirements of Environment and Health Protection Guidelines: On-site Sewage Management for Single Households. Greywater treatment systems available by retail sale shall be accredited by NSW Health and the installation of the system approved by the Local Government Authority. The supply, installation and operation of on-site reclaimed water treatment systems for multiple occupancy dwellings shall comply with the requirements of the Guidelines for Private Decentralised Recycled Water Systems. The reclaimed water treatment system shall be approved by the Local Government Authority.



TYPICAL GREYWATER DIVERSION FROM LAUNDRY TUBS

TYPICAL DIVERSION TO GREYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM (GTS) NOTE: Connection of diversion valves may be made prior to or after the trap subject to a trap water seal to prevent odours entering the building.

Dual check valve backflow protectionof the drinking water supply mustbe located at the meter and hoseconnection vacuum breakers on allhose tap outlets

Below ground irrigation systems in compliance withClause 75A Local Government (General) Regulation 2005

House drainage to sewerNormal connectionto house drainage

*

Laundry Tub

Testable double check valve backflowprotection of the drinking water supplymust be located at the meter andhose connection vacuum breakers on allhose tap outlets

To Local Government Authorityapproved applications(ie. irrigation systems)

House Drainage to SewerNormal connection

Laundry Tub

Overflow / return to sewer through a gullyGreywaterTreatmentSystem(GTS)



MULTI-OCCUPANCY

TYPICAL GREYWATER DUAL PIPE DIVERSION TO A GTS

NOTE: There may need to be a pressure storage tank or header tank to supply treated greywater.

Testable double check valvebackflow protection of thedrinking water supply mustbe located at the meter andhose connection vacuum breakerson all hose tap outlets

Recycled water toLocal Government Authority

approved applications

Two pipe sanitary plumbing system which allows the harvestingof greywater for reuse / recycling.

ApprovedIrrigation System

VentVent

Bath

Shower Floorwaste

Bath

FloorwasteShower

Basin

LaundryTub

Basin

Basin

SoilStack

WasteStack

Greywater Treatment System

DGTS overflow todischarge through a Reflux Valve & Gully

House Drainage to Sewer

NOT FORDRINKING



1.4 Planning

To plan a particular sanitary system, you will need to check the approved plans and specifications. Once you have these (usually from the builder), you will be able to determine specific criteria to develop your plan. You will need to know the number and type of fixtures for the job and the building layout. To determine what size stack is required, you will need to calculate the number of fixture unit ratings (see below), the minimum gradients required and the distance to the discharge points. Combining this information with the relevant requirements set out in the Australian standards for sanitary work will enable you to design an efficient drainage system. The definitions and installation requirements of the various pipes and fittings should be familiar to you. Discuss these with your trainer, instructor or supervisor if you need further information. It is unlikely that at the point of planning sanitary systems you would encounter hazardous waste or the bacteria that cause disease. However, the system you are designing is specifically to carry waste and material that could be hazardous and it must be designed to ensure human health is protected. If you are the plumber who will also be installing the system on site, particularly in a building renovation, you must protect yourself and others from contact with these materials. It is also vital in work of this kind that you know and plan how to correctly handle other types of hazardous materials such as grease, material glues and cleaners.

Steps in planning, sizing and laying out sanitary pipe work and fixtures As in all installation work, planning and laying out a sanitary system requires careful planning, specific skills and knowledge, and the ability to follow specified procedures. To plan, size and document the layout of the sanitary pipe work and fixtures required in a multi-level building, you will need to:

• prepare well

• identify what the work will require

• plan a layout for an efficient system that will meet all requirements

• restore and refurbish the work area, tools and equipment as required

• complete end of job procedures.



Consider occupational health and safety Assess the occupational health and safety requirements relevant to planning and carrying out the work. Decide how these requirements will be met and then ensure that they are. Hazards you encounter might relate to the use of tools and equipment, tripping, underground services (Dial before you dig), the surrounding structure and facilities, other machines, working at heights or in proximity to others or in confined spaces, worksite visitors and the public. You will need to complete a risk assessment and a safe work method statement (referred to as a Job Safety Analysis [JSA] in some states) to identify how you will address OH&S issues as part of your planning for this task.

System Planning Checklist Before beginning planning you should ask yourself a series of questions similar to those following. If there is anything you are unsure about, discuss these with your trainer, instructor or supervisor:

• What has been specified for this project? What fixtures will be needed? How many? What type? Where? You will need to refer to design drawings, plans and elevations.

• What specific devices will the system require? For example, how many discharge pipes are needed and where will they be best located? Will the system require any special drains such as a suspended/aerial drain?

• How many floor levels does the project involve?

• Is it a commercial/industrial construction or domestic/residential?

• Where is the drainage point of connection? (are there other services near the point of connection)

• What is the depth of the drainage system to which the sanitary system will be connected?

• What type of soil will the system be installed in? Will there be the need for trench shoring?

• How many stacks will be needed and what type?

• What type of plumbing system is required? Is it a fully vented system or possibly a fully vented modified system?

• Are there specific materials requirements in relation to pipe locations? Are some of the drains suspended in car parks? Will all below ground drains have enough cover? (A shallower drain may need to be of cast iron. A deeper one may be PVC.) Where will vents terminate? Are other services going to be affected by your installation? If so, what action needs to be taken?

• What is the fixture unit loading?



Confirming system requirements It is vital that you ensure all information, calculations, etc are correct. To confirm this, you should compare specific details of your plan against the Australian standards. It is a good idea to tailor a basic checklist to suit the particular project, for example:

• What is the fixture unit loading on the job?

• How many floor levels are there on the job?

• What is the nominal size of the stack?

• Is it a residential or commercial building?

• What is the vent termination position? Compiling this information can help you work out the right plumbing system for your project

Documenting the layout Everything that you plan must be properly documented and recorded. Documentation must meet the requirements of the local authority, the builder/owner and your workplace. The documentation related to sanitary projects that you are involved with might include the following:

• detailed drawings showing all drainage and discharge pipes, fixtures and appliances, sizes, gradients and connection points

• Bill of Quantities (material list)

• your completed Risk Assessment and Safe Work Method Statement (or JSA)

• a scope of works for your part in the project. This will detail the work you are to complete and define the limits to your involvement in the project

End of job procedures Project planning should always consider what must be done when works have been completed. Planning should specify procedures for each of the following:

• how the work area will be restored

• what is to be done with tools and equipment used in the works process

• what documentation must be completed (including work backup/plumbers copy).



Restoring the work area On completion of a job in a multi-storey project you would need to check from floor to floor to make sure each fixture was connected in a way that complied with all relevant requirements. All rubbish would need to be removed, along with all tools and equipment, and the required documentation would need to be lodged.

End of job documentation There are a number of documents that the plumber must complete and submit when the project is completed.

‘As installed’ plans At the end of a project, you must submit ‘as built’ drawings where relevant and an ‘as installed’ plan of the pipe work, including sizes and depths. Generally speaking the ‘as installed’ drawings are submitted to the builder for there records and a copy are submitted to the relevant sewerage authority. This is then kept on file to facilitate maintenance and pipe location as needed. It is crucial that these drawings are accurate and up to date. The plumber should also keep a copy for there records (work backup).

Certificate of Compliance You are also required to submit a certificate of compliance guaranteeing the standard of workmanship on the project. You should be familiar with the requirements for this certificate from your earlier training (particularly in Certificate III). The certificate of compliance is registered with the relevant authority as a record of your involvement and forms part of your insurance cover for the work you have done. A copy is given to the owner/developer/builder and you keep a copy.

Lodgement of final invoice for payment Most jobs are completed in stages and payment is also in stages. At the end of the whole job, you must take into account any variations you have been required to make. These may be extra fixtures that have been added to the plans or some other variation from the original scope of works. If these changes mean you have incurred additional costs you should charge the builder accordingly.

Tools maintenance Tools and equipment used during the project installation would need to be maintained according to manufacturers’ requirements and stored appropriately. Within the next sections of the notes for this unit we will be looking at the installation requirements for the different types of stack installation.

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