68

“Policiesaimto

restorepassenger

transporttobea

viablealternative

totheuseofthe

privatecar.”

69

5Chapter

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5:

Pas

sen

ge

r Tr

ansp

ort

5.1 Introduction

The Future Role of Passenger Transport

Itwillbeessentialtobetterbalancethe

tripmakingbetweenroading,passenger

transportandothermodesinorderto

achievethetransportobjectivesdescribedin

Chapter1andtoaddresstheissuesdescribed

inChapter2.Itisintendedtoachievethis

inpartthroughtheimplementationofthis

strategy’spassengertransportpoliciesand

actionsovertheperiod2006-2016.

Thosepoliciesandactionsaimto:

• Restorepassengertransport(andthe

perceptionofpassengertransport)to

beaviablealternativetotheuseofthe

privatecarformanytripstowork,

schoolandlocalcentres

• Increasetheroleofpassengertransport

sothatthenumberofjourneytoworktrips

madebypassengertransportincreasesby

atleast5percentperannum

• Integrateservicelevelsandorientation

withthedevelopmentofthegrowth

centresandexpandingbusinessand

employmentareasofthecitysothat

thelanduseandtransportstrategies

reinforceeachother.

Responsibility and Role of Manukau City Council

Astructuredapproachwillbetakentothe

planningandprovisionofservicesand

supportinginfrastructureinordertoreversethe

decliningpassengertransportmodesharefor

journeytoworktrips,andtorestoreittoplaya

usefulandsignificantroleinthecity’stransport

system.Howevertheprimaryresponsibilityfor

planning,specifying,fundingandimplementing

passengertransportservicesrestswithARTA

(asportrayedinFigure1.5)andnotwith

ManukauCityCouncil.

Passenger Transport

• WorkwithARTAtoimprovepublictransportsoitbecomesaviablealternativetothecar

• LeadtheprovisionoftheraillinktoManukaucitycentre

• Enhancetheeffectiveness,convenienceandsafetyofpassengertransportbyprovidinginterchanges,parkandrides,sheltersandbusprioritymeasures

• Ensureservicesareintegratedwiththedevelopmentofgrowthcentreandexpandingbusinesscentres.

70

5.2 RegionalPassengerTransportService

Primaryresponsibility:ARTAManukauCityCouncilrole:CollaborationandAdvocacy

ARTA’sPassengerTransportNetwork

Plandescribesthewayitintendstoutilise

passengertransporttodeliversomeof

theoutcomessoughtbytheRegional

LandTransportStrategy.Aspartofthe

implementationofthatplanARTAintends

todeveloparegionalpassengertransport

networkcomprisingfourlayersofservices,

fromatoplayeroffast,highfrequency

routesfocusedongrowthcentresand

theCBD,downtoalayerofserviceswhich

areorientedaroundlocaldestinations

andprovidingaccesstothefasterroutes.

Theproposedsystemrecognisesthat

differentusers,trippurposes,geographical

locations,andeventimesoftheday,can

havedifferingrequirements.Therolesand

characteristicsofeachlayerofservicesare

describedbelow.Thelowerlayerservices

supportthehigherones.

Thecouncilwillbeactivelysupporting

ARTAinitsimplementationofthisconcept

(Figure5.1).Underthisapproachpassenger

transportservicesandsupporting

infrastructurewillbedevelopedinaccord

withthefollowingprinciplesinorderto

buildpatronageandachievethetransport

objectives:

• Improvingfrequenciesandreliability

ofexistingservices

• Increasingquality,speedandfrequency

• Improvingrightsofwaysothatpassenger

transportservicesarenotimpairedby

sufferingthesamecongestionanddelay

asgeneraltraffic

• Orientingservicestowherepeoplewant

togo

• Creatingopportunitiesfordevelopmentof

complementarylanduses(atgrowthnodes

andalongmajorcorridors–seeChapter3).

Figure5.1describesthefunctions,operating

andservicecharacteristicsofthisproposed

passengertransportnetwork.

RapidTransitNetwork

(RTN)

Highquality,fast,highfrequencyserviceinitsownright-of-waywhereit

isunaffectedbytrafficcongestion.TheRapidTransitNetworkwillconnect

themajorgrowthcentrestotheAucklandCBD.ItwillincludetheNorthern

Buswayandthewestern,southernandisthmusrailcorridors.

QualityTransitNetwork

(QTN)

Fast,highfrequency,andhighqualitytransitservicesoperatingbetween

keycentresandovermajorcorridorsprovidingextensivetransitpriority.

InconjunctionwiththeRapidTransitNetworktheQTNwillfacilitatehigh-

speedreliableaccessaroundtheregionthroughtheintegrationofradial

andcross-townservices.

LocalConnector

Network(LCN)

Bus,ferryandtrainservicesthatprovideaccesstolocalcentresand

connectwiththeRapidTransitNetworkand/ortheQualityTransitNetwork.

Prioritymeasureswillbeprovidedatkeycongestionpointstoimprove

servicereliability.

TargetedServices Servicesthatprovidemobilityforgroupswhoseneedsarenotmetbythe

regularpassengertransportnetwork.TheyincludetheTotalMobilityservice

forpeoplewithdisabilities,farecongestionschemesandschoolbusservice.

Thecouncilwillbeveryactivelysupportingthe

implementationthefour-layeredapproachof

ARTA’sRegionalPassengerTransportNetwork

Plan(describedinFigure5.1)inordertoachieve

thisstrategy’stransportobjectives.Thiswillbe

doneintwoways:

• Throughtheprovisionofsupporting

infrastructuretoensurethatpassenger

transportservicesareeffective,accessible,

convenientandsafeforpassengers.

Thisincludes:interchanges,parkandride,

busprioritymeasures,stopsandshelters.

• Throughcollaborationwithandadvocacy

toARTAandothertransportagencies.

Thisincludesensuringthatservicesare

orientatedandoperatedtobestmeetthe

travelneedsassociatedwithManukau’s

growingresidentialandemploymentareas,

andprovideaccesstoeducationand

healthservices.

“Ensureservices

areoperatedtobest

meetthetravelneeds

associatedwith

Manukau’sgrowing

residentialand

employmentneeds.”

71

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

Figure 5.1: Four Layers of Services - Specifications and Descriptions | Source:ARTAPassengerTransportNetworkPlan

NetworkType RapidTransitNetwork QualityTransitNetwork LocalConnectorNetwork TargetedServices

Function Passengertransport

networkback-bone.

Connectsregional

centrestotheAuckland

CBDalonghighdensity

corridors

Influencesfuture

developmentpatterns

byencouragingmore

intensiveurban

developmentalongthe

corridorsandinthekey

growthcentresitserves.

Facilitateshighspeed,

reliableaccessaround

theregion.

Supplementaryhigh-

qualitynetworkwith

connectionstoregional

anddistrictcentresand

employment/activity

nodes.Providescoverage

tomedium-highdensity

corridorsinareasnot

servedbytheRTN.

Implementedinmedium-

highdemandcorridorsas

aforerunnertoRTNas

patronageincreases.

Facilitateshighspeed,

reliableaccessaround

theregion.

Connectsresidentialareas

withtheirlocalcentre.

Providesconnections

toRTNand/orQTN.

Emphasisescoverage

andaccessibilityfrom

low-densityareas.

Provideservicesforpeople

unabletousetheregular

passengertransport

networkbecauseofmobility

impairment.

Schoolservicesforareas

wheretheregularnetwork

isnotsuitable.

Operating

Characteristics

Highspeed.

HighFrequency

(timetablesdonot

needtobeconsulted).

Highreliability.

Highcapacity.

Modernvehicles.

Extensivehours

ofservice.

Lowcoverage.

Highqualityservice.

Integratedticketing/fares.

Moderatespeeds.

Highfrequency

(timetablesdonotneed

tobeconsulted).

Goodreliability.

Moderatecapacity.

Modern“branded”

vehicles.

Extensivehours

ofservice.

Reasonablydirect.

Moderatecoverage.

Planned,operatedand

brandedasasuperior

busservice.

Integratedticketing/fares.

Moderatespeeds.

Lowerfrequency

(timetablesmayneedto

beconsulted)withhigher

frequenciesduringpeak

times.

Moderatereliability.

Lowcapacity.

Standardvehicles.

Moderatehoursof

service.

Highcoverage.

Typicalbusservice.

Integratedticketing/fares

Specialservicesandvehicles

formobility-impairedusers,

includingsubsidisingtaxifares

forTotalmobilityandDiala

Rideondemandservicesfor

wheelchairusers.

Accessiblebusesforsome

scheduledordemand-

responsiveservicesto

regularlocationsinareas

oflowdemandorspecific

demographicrequirements.

Schoolservicesoperating

regularbuses.

Right-of-wayand

infrastructure

requirements

Separateright-of-way.

Highamenityatstopsand

stations.

On-streetrunning

withextensivepriority

includingbuslanes,signal

priorityincongested

areas.

Goodamenityand

informationatstops.

On-streetrunning.

Moderateamenityand

informationatstops.

Accessiblevehicles,all

passengertransport

infrastructureaccessible.

Frequency

•Peak 5-15minutes 10minutes(15mFerries) 20-30minutes Asrequired

•Interpeak 20-30minutes 20minutes(30mFerries) 40-60minutes

•Evening

+weekend

30minutes 30minutes(60mFerries) 60minutes

ServicePeriod

•Monday-Friday 5.30am–Midnight 5.30am–12.30am 5.30am–12.30am

(feedstoRTNandQTN)

6.30pm–11.00pm(others)

Asrequired

•Saturday 7.00am-Midnight 7.00am–Midnight 7.30am–11.00pm

•Sunday 8.00am–10.00pm 8.00am–10.00pm 8.30am–10.00pm

72

5.3 RapidTransitNetwork–CorridorsandPassengerServices

Primaryresponsibility:ARTASecondaryresponsibility:OnTrackNZ(newrailinfrastructure)ManukauCityCouncilrole:CollaborationandAdvocacy

Southern Travel Corridor

TheRapidTransitNetwork(RTN)will

providetheconvenientmovementoflarge

numbersofpassengersalongthemajor

travelcorridorsoftheregion,andbetween

thesectorsoftheregion.Thisnetwork

willcomprisehighfrequency,highquality

servicesoperatingindependentlyofroad

trafficcongestion.Therefore,theywill

provideconsistenttraveltimesbetweenany

twoorigin/destinationpointsirrespectiveof

thetimeofdayorroadcongestionlevels.

Forthesoutherntravelcorridorthrough

Manukau,theRTNwillbethesouthern

railwaylinewhichrunsthroughtheAuckland

isthmustotheCBD,providesconnections

toWestAucklandatNewmarketandtothe

NorthernBuswayservicesatBritomart

(Figure5.2).ManukauissupportingARTAin

thedevelopmentofthesouthernrailcorridor

componentoftheRTNandtheassociated

programmeofupgradingthestationsand

passengerfacilities,increasingservice

frequenciesandpurchasingmodern

rollingstock.

ConstructionoftheManukauraillink

connectingthesouthernraillineand

theManukaucitycentretogetherwith

provisionofhighfrequencyservicesisan

importantcomponentoftheRTNandthis

transportstrategy.Thisconnectionwilljoin

thecommercialandadministrativecentre

forthesouthernsub-regiontotheother

regionalcentresandprovideforalarge

numberofpassengermovementstobe

undertakenconvenientlyandindependently

oftimedelaysorvariabilitywhichwouldbe

experiencedmakingthesamejourneyson

themotorwayorarterialroadingnetwork.

MostoftheenablingworksfortheManukau

raillink(theembankment)willbedone

inconjunctionwiththeManukau-Puhinui

SH20motorwaylinkaspartofthecontract

managedbyTransitNZ.Thetrackand

signallingwillsubsequentlybeundertaken

byOnTrackNZ,andtheconstructionofthe

railstationandbusinterchangeatthecity

centrewillbeledbyManukauCityCouncil

(Figure5.3).Itisimportantforthislinktobe

completedassoonaspossiblebecauseofits

strategicimportance.However,becauseof

theco-ordinationrequiredwithothermajor

worksanditscomplexinteragencynature,

itsindicativecompletiondateis2014.

Railalsohasthesignificantadvantageof

scalabilitythroughtheadditionofcarriages

andservicesthatenablesittocarry

increasingpassengervolumeswithinthe

corridor.Althoughinordertoachieveits

ultimatecapacity,constraintsatBritomart

willneedtobeovercomeinthefuture.

73

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

Figure 5.2: Proposed Rapid and Quality Transit Networks | Source:ARTAPassengerTransportNetworkPlan

74

Figure 5.3: Proposed Manukau Rail Link

“Thehighfrequency

andqualityfeatures

oftherailservice

willbefurther

capitalisedupon.”

75

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

Other Travel Corridors

Thereispotentialandscopeforadditional

futureRapidTransitNetworkroutestobe

developed:

• ConnectingtheAucklandIsthmusto

westernManukauviatheMangere

BridgeandontotheAuckland

InternationalAirport

• ConnectingeasternManukautothe

IsthmusacrosstheTamakiRiver.

Furtherworkneedstobeundertakento

refinethesepossibilitiesanddeterminethe

natureoftheinfrastructureandservices

whichwouldberequiredinordertoprovide

highfrequencyservicesindependentofroad

conditionsinthesecorridors.Investigations

willincludeanalysisofpotentialpassenger

volumesthatcouldbeattractedfromprivate

cartraveltoRTNservicesinthesecorridors

andthecostsandbenefitsofsuch.

AucklandInternationalAirporthasmade

provisionforfutureundergroundrail

accessinitsairportmasterplansoasnot

toforeclosefutureoptions,althoughitis

recognisedthatthiswillnoteventuatewithin

thelifetimeofthisstrategy.

Thisworkcouldresultin:

• Protectionoflandinbothcorridors

• Provisionforpassengertransportlanes/

corridors/facilitiesinschemeplanning

andfeasibilitystudiesforAMETIandthe

additionalMangereBridge.

Integration with Other Services and Modes

Bus-RailInterchange Thehighfrequencyandqualityfeaturesoftherailservicewillbefurthercapitalisedupon

byreorientingappropriateexistingbusservicesandputtingonnewservicesthatfeed

passengersontoit,ratherthanrunincompetitiontothesametraveldestinations.Abus-rail

interchangewillbebuiltatManukaucitycentreinconjunctionwiththerailconnection

(inadditiontotherecentlycompletedoneatManurewa)toprovidesmoothandconvenient

interchange.LocalbusservicesinManurewawillprovidefeederconnectionstorailatboth

interchanges.PassengertransportservicesfromFlatBushandsuburbseastofManukau

citycentrewillfocusonthecitycentreinterchangetoprovidefortraveltotheAuckland

isthmus,CBDandothernodesontheRTN.Traveltimesforthesejourneyswillbefasterand

morereliablethanifmadeentirelybybus.Thisfeederstrategywillalsobuildpatronage

ontheRTNservicesinwhichsignificantcapitalexpenditureandoperationalsubsidiesare

beinginvested.

ParknRide Anothermeansofattractingcardriverstopassengertransportistheprovision

ofcarparkingatkeystationsalongthecorridor.

TheexistingparkandridefacilityatPapatoetoeRailwayStationisfullyutilisedandwillbe

progressivelyexpandedwithincreasingdemand.Asimilarfacilitywillbefurtherdeveloped

atHomaiRailwayStation,andthebus-railinterchangeatManurewaalsoincorporates

commuterparking.Thecouncilwillexplorefurtheropportunitiestoprovideparkandride

facilitiesasdictatedbydemand.

Thereisthepotentialforshuttlebusconnectionbetweentherailsystemandtheairport

viaeitherthePapatoetoeorPuhinuirailwaystations.

Figure 5.3: Proposed Manukau Rail Link

76

5.4 QualityTransitNetwork–ServicesandRightsofWay

Corridors and Routes

Primaryresponsibility:ARTA

ManukauCityCouncilrole:

CollaborationandAdvocacy

TheQualityTransitNetwork(QTN)will

provideforcross-towntravel,andtravel

toAucklandCBDfromareasnotservedby

RTNutilisingbusesonmajorarterialroads.

TheQTNwillprovidefast,highfrequency

andqualityservices(Figure5.1)inthese

majortravelcorridorsbetweenkeyactivity

centres,includingmanyofManukau’sgrowth

centres(Figure3.3).Inordertoachievefast

andconsistenttraveltimes,thecouncilwill

installextensivebusprioritymeasuresso

servicesarenotadverselyaffectedbyon

roaddelaysandcongestion.QTNservices

willbestrengthenedthroughtheprovision

ofhighqualityshelters,informationdisplays,

andbranding.

FollowingtheupgradingofRTNservice

withmodernrollingstock,newrailstations,

WesternLinedoubletracking,constructionof

theNorthernBuswayandtheManukauRail

Link,ARTAintendstocurtailuseofbuseson

competingroutes.Thatbuscapacitymustbe

reinvestedintohigherfrequencybusservices

intheQTN.Thetrade-offwhichARTAhave

indicatedwillbemadebetweenservice

frequencyandservicecoveragewillmean

somepassengerswillhavetowalkfurtherto

accessthesemorefrequentandreliableQTN

services.Thesystemwillalsorequiremore

transfersbetweenservicessuchas:between

QTN/RTNservices,andfromLocalConnector

Networkservicestoothers.

ThecouncilwillbeworkingwithARTAto

achievethebestpossibleservicedelivery.

Thiswillinclude:

• Clarifyingthearterialroadsonwhich

QTNserviceswilloperate,toensurethat

theyarethemostappropriatetomeet

residents’travelneedsandtheobjectives

ofthisstrategy.(TheproposalsinFigure

5.2areindicative).

• Minimisingavoidabletransfers,

anddesigningservicesandpassenger

infrastructuresothatwheretransfersare

necessary,theycanbemadewithminimal

passengerinconvenience(preferablyat

activitycentres)

• Optimisinginvestmentinsupporting

busprioritymeasuresandpassenger

infrastructurewhichisnotreadily

transferabletootherroutes.

Bus Priority Measures

Primaryresponsibility:ManukauCityCouncil

Forbusestobeperceivedasaviable

alternativetotravelbycar,theinherent

disadvantagetheyhaveinsharingthe

samecongestedroadsasothervehicles

mustbereducedoreliminated.Busesare

subjectedtothesamecongestionanddelay

asothervehiclesusingtheroad.Congestion,

combinedwiththeneedtorepeatedlystop

topickupandsetdownpassengersusually

disadvantagesbusesbecauseoftheirlonger

traveltimesandvariability.Forpassenger

transporttoberegardedasbeingasgood

atravelmodeastheprivatecar,ideally

thewhole-of-journeytimeforpassenger

transportshouldbelessthanorequalto,

thecartraveltime.

77

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

Busprioritymeasuresareameansof

overcomingthisinherentdisadvantage

andtypicallyinclude:

BusAdvance Akerbsidelaneleadingtoanintersectionthatallowsbusesto

movetotheheadofastationarytrafficqueuesotheycanclearthe

intersectionatthenextgreenphase(ratherthanjoiningthetailofthe

queueandwaitingforseveralgreenphases).

BPhase Aseparatephaseoftrafficsignalsduringwhichawhite‘B’signalis

displayedthatallowsbusesinBusAdvanceorBusLanestoproceed

throughtheintersectionaheadoftheotherqueuedtraffic.

BusLane Aseparatetrafficlanereservedforbusesonlythatallowsthemto

bypasssloworstationarytraffic.

IntersectionImprovements Involvearangeofmeasuresincludingprovisionof‘FreeLeftTurn’

lanestoeliminatekerbsidequeues.

SignalPre-emption Useoftechnologytoover-ridetrafficsignalstoenablealate-running

bustoavoidfurtherdelays,forexamplebyextendingagreenphase

untilitpassesthrough.Operationalprotocolsareyettobeestablished

toensureusewillnotundulyimpacttrafficflowsand/orbusservices.

Identificationandimplementationofbus

prioritymeasureswillbecomeaneven

moreimportantcomponentofManukau’s

transportprogrammeoverthelifeofthis

strategy.Measureswillbeparticularly

focusedontheroadsonwhichtheQuality

TransitNetworkservicesrun.Byeliminating

delaysandreducingtraveltimesforbus

servicesthroughprioritymeasures,Manukau

willdirectlysupporttheestablishmentof

highqualityQTNserviceswithreliableand

consistenttraveltimes.Prioritymeasureswill

alsobeimplementedonotherrouteswhere

warranted.Forexample,providingaccessto

growthcentres,majoractivityhubssuch

astheairportandmajoremploymentareas.

Intheperiodpriortothisstrategy,Manukau

hasidentifiedlocationsonthecity’sbus

networkwhereserviceswerebeingadversely

impactedbydelaysanddevelopedbus

prioritymeasureswiththeaimsof:

• Achievingsavingsintraveltime

• Improvingbusservicereliability

• Protectingserviceperformancefrom

theeffectsofgrowingtrafficcongestion.

Thesemeasureswerethenimplemented,

wherebenefitsexceededcostsandlocally

affectedcommunitiesweresupportive.

Implementationhasbeenmanaged

andfundedviathreeyearrollingwork

programmes.

Inthedecadeaheadthecouncilwill

implementextensivebusprioritymeasures

inordertomakebusjourneytimesfaster

andmorereliable,andtherebyincrease

patronage.Becauseoftheireffectonstreet

parking,therewillbesituationswherebus

priorityschemeswillneedtomakeprovision

foroffstreetparking,goodsservicevehicle

lanes,andtrafficbylawstorestrictcertain

vehiclemovementsduringpeakperiods.

78

5.5 BusServiceLevelsandOrientation

Primaryresponsibility:ARTA

ManukauCityCouncilrole:

CollaborationandAdvocacy

Mostofthepassengertransportservice

inManukauforthe10yearscoveredby

thisstrategywillcontinuetobeprovided

bybuses.

Althoughtheyhavebeenpartially

re-orientatedoverthelastdecadetomeet

changingdemandpatterns,busservice

levelsandorientationstillrequiremuchmore

adjustment.Thelowpercentageofpassenger

transportusagebyManukauresidentscanbe

partlyattributedtotheinadequaciesinthe

orientationofthecurrentsystem.

Animportantthrustofthisstrategyisthe

implementationofManukau’sPassenger

TransportStrategy,TakingPeoplePlaces

whichdocumentsmanyoftherequired

improvements,including:

Peak Period

• Re-orientationofservicestoManukau

employmentareas.Existingservices

continuetobestronglyfocusedonthe

AucklandCBD.AlthoughtheCBDstill

containsthehighestregionalconcentration

ofjobs/destinations,patternsarechanging

withsignificantemploymentgrowthat

EastTamaki,ManukauCentral–Wiriand

Ascot-Airportthatcollectivelycontained

approximately66,000jobsin2005.

Only10percentofManukau’slabour

forcewereemployedintheAucklandCBD

in2001.Notwithstandingthisneedfor

re-orientationitisrecognisedthatitis

easiertogainalargermarketshareoftrips

totheCBDforpassengertransport,dueto

greaternumbersofworkersandstudents

andhigheremploymentdensities.

• Routesneedtobesimpleanddirect,

servingcleartriporiginsanddestinations

whereassomeexistingroutesareindirect

andtimeconsuming.Busroutestypically

followfairlycircuitousroutesthrough

Manukausuburbs,thenmoredirectroutes

onradialarterialroadsontheAuckland

isthmustotheCBD.AsManukau’s

residentialsuburbshavegrown,theradial

systemhasbeenexpanded,addingnew

streetstoexistingroutes.Whilethishas

maximisedaccesstopotentialpassengers,

theoverallnetworkremainsinefficientin

servicingresidents’needs.

• Amoreextensivenetworkofcross-town

servicesisrequiredtoadequatelyconnect

residentialsuburbswith:

-EmploymentareassuchasAscot-Airport

andEastTamaki-Highbrook

-ManukauInstituteofTechnologyinOtara

-MiddlemoreHospitalandtheManukau

SupaClinic.

Outside Peak Periods

• Continuedre-orientationofthenetworkis

requiredtofocusontowncentres.Outof

peakperiods,thenetworkisessentiallya

modifiedversionoftheradialpeaknetwork

butoperatingatlowerfrequencies.

Thedecentralisationofretailandbusiness

activitiesfromtheCBDtothesuburbs

overthelast30yearsmeansthatinter-

peaktraveldemandnowfocusesontown

centressuchasPakuranga,Botanyand

theManukaucitycentre.Mostcommunity,

governmentandhealthfacilitiesarealso

locatedattowncentres.

• AlthoughservicelevelsatmostManukau

towncentresareadequate,servicesoften

splitanddivergeinordertomaximise

suburbancoverage,resultinginlower

frequenciesonindividualroutes.

• Thelevelofpassengertransportdemand

identifiedbyARCtransportsurveysin

2002appearstobeconstrainedbyboth

lackserviceofavailability,andorientation

ofthesystem.

• Someoftheexistingservicelevelsare

solowthattheyfallshortoftheminimum

standardssetintheRegionalPassenger

TransportPlan.

“Mostofthe

passengertransport

serviceinManukau

willcontinuetobe

providedbybuses.”

79

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

5.6 FerryServices

Primaryresponsibility:ARTA

ManukauCityCouncilrole:

CollaborationandAdvocacy

Ferriesplayasmall,nicherolewithinthe

passengertransportsystembyconnecting

theharboursidesuburbsofHalfMoonBay

andBeachlandswiththeAucklandCBD,and

HalfMoonBaywithWaihekeIsland(weekend

service).Theeffectivepassengercatchmentis

extendedwellbeyondHalfMoonBayviafeeder

busservicesandparkandride.Additionally,

thevehicularservicestoWaihekeforthe

AucklandregiondepartfromHalfMoonBay.

Becausetheyprovidedirectservicesanddonot

suffertheeffectsofcongestion,ferriesoffera

traveltimeadvantagefortraveltotheAuckland

CBDfrombothofthesesuburbs.Ferriescould

makeamoresignificantcontributiontowards

reductionofpeakperiodcongestioninthe

easternandsouthernroadingcorridorsifa

largerproportionofcarbasedcommutertrips

couldbeattractedontotheminstead.

Manukauwillworkwithotheragenciesinorder

toincreaseferrypatronageaccordingly.

HalfMoonBayhasbeenidentifiedasthebest

locationinthePakuranga/Howickareaforthe

ferryterminalandassociatedparkandride.

However,theexistingfacilitieshaveseveral

limitationssuchas:sitecongestion,andconflicts

betweentheneedsofthevarioususergroups

whichmustbeovercomeinordertoachieve

significantpatronagegrowthandcapitaliseon

theirpotential.RedevelopmentoftheHalfMoon

Bayfacilityincluding:vesselberthing;passenger

facilities;bus-ferryinterchange,andcarparking,

isrequiredwithinfiveyears.

TheBeachlandspopulationisincreasing

inconjunctionwithadditionalresidential

development.Inordertoadequatelyprovidefor

thegrowthincommutertraffic,planningand

provisionoffacilitiesforferries,passengersand

parkandridewillberequired.

5.7 ServicingFutureGrowth

Primaryresponsibility:ARTA

ManukauCityCouncilrole:

CollaborationandAdvocacy

Withtheprojectedcontinuationoftherapid

urbandevelopmentdescribedinChapter2,

thegrowingresidentialsuburbsatBotanyand

onthefringesofManurewa(WattleDowns,

Weymouth/Clendon,andManurewaEast)willbe

completelypopulatedinjustafewyearsbeyond

theplanninghorizonofthisstrategy.Chapter

3describeshowanother80,000residents

willbeaccommodatedinthegrowthcentres

throughoutManukau,including40,000inthe

entirelynewgrowthcentreatFlatBush.

ThedevelopmentofHighbrookBusinessPark

willinvolvetheestablishmentof12,000jobs

there(currentlygreenfields),whilecontinued

businessgrowthinEastTamaki,Airport-Ascot

andManukaucentral-Wiriwillultimatelybring

theirtotalemploymentto100,000.

Itisimperativethatthisgrowthbematched

withtheconcurrentprovisionofgood

passengertransportservices.Busservices

mustbeprovidedtothesenewareasastheyare

growinganddevelopinginordertosuccessfully

accommodateasignificantproportionofthe

additionaltravelonpassengertransportrather

thanhavetheadditionaltravelundertaken

almostentirelybyprivatevehicle,ashasbeen

thepatternofthelasttwodecades.

ManukauCityCouncilwillworkwithandlobby

ARTAtoprovidebusservicesthroughthese

newsuburbsandbusinessareasinparallel

withdevelopment.Itismuchlesseffectiveto

providebusservicesaftermuchoftheroading

hasbeenbuiltandthepopulationestablished,

becauseresidentsandworkerswillbythen

havehadtomakeotherprivatecarbasedtravel

choiceswhichwillhavebecomeestablishedand

permanenttravelhabitsandpatterns.

Heavilysubsidisedbusservices(becauseoflow

initialpopulation/employment)arerequired

contemporaneouslywithdevelopmentto

establishridershipandforthepublictoconsider

bustravelasaviableoption.Thisiscontraryto

theexistingARTApolicyunderwhichservice

improvementswillbeprovided(inaccordance

withserviceguidelines)whengenerated

ridershipreachescertaintargets.Manukau

requiresthedeliveryofbusservicecapacity

intothegrowingresidentialsuburbsinorder

togeneratedemandanddemonstratetonewly

settlingresidentsthatpassengertransportis

aviablealternativetothecar.Tofacilitatethis,

thecouncilwillstageitsroadingconstruction

andinfluencelandsub-dividerstodevelop

connectedroadingnetworksthroughnewareas

thatprovidebusaccessibility.

80

5.8 TheTransportDisadvantaged

Primaryresponsibility:ARTA

ManukauCityCouncilrole:

CollaborationandAdvocacy

TheLandTransportManagementAct

requiresthattheneedsofthe‘transport

disadvantaged’betakenintoaccount.

‘Transportdisadvantaged’arethose

peoplewhorelyonsomeformofpassenger

transportservicefortheirmobilityand

accesstoopportunitiesbecausetheir

circumstancesdonotgivethemaccess

toindependenttransport.variousgroups

ofpeoplecanbeinthesecircumstances,

including:youthandstudents;peoplewith

disabilities,theelderly;andpeopleonlow

incomesorbenefits.

Thesegroupsarehighlyrepresentedin

certaingeographicalareasofManukau.

Forexample,partsofMangereandOtara

scoreveryhighlyontheDeprivationIndex

andlikelytobemorereliantonpassenger

transporttoaccesshealthandcommunity

services,andemploymentopportunities.

Thecityalsohasaveryyouthfulpopulation

thatisoftenreliantonpassengertransport

foraccesstoeducation,entertainmentand

socialactivities.Thehighestconcentrations

ofpeopleagedunder25yearsareinOtara

(51percent),Mangere(48percent)and

Manurewa(45percent).Around12percent

ofthepopulationofHowickandPakuranga

and10percentofPapatoetoeareagedover

65years.

AlthoughtheAucklandregionhasveryhigh

levelsofvehicleownership,approximately6

percentofManukauhouseholdsdonothave

oneavailable,althoughthisvariesacross

thecityandishigherinOtara(11percent).

Againthisisverysignificantforaccessto

employment,health,communityservices

andaffordableshopping.Householderswith

accesstoonlyonevehiclethatisusedforthe

journeytoworkarealsoreliantondaytime

passengertransportforaccesstothese

services.

Manukau’sstrongpolicypositionwithrespect

tobuildingstrongeducatedcommunitieswith

accesstoemployment,healthandcommunity

opportunitiesisbasedonTomorrow’s

ManukauandissetoutinChapter1ofthis

strategy.Accordingly,thecouncilwillactively

engagewithARTA(whoareresponsible

forplanningandsubsidisingpassenger

transportservices)toachieveroutesand

servicefrequenciestomeetthetravelneeds

oftransportdisadvantagedgroups.Thisis

particularlyimportantfortheMangereand

Otaracommunities.

Faresmustbekepttolevelsthatare

affordableforthetransportdisadvantaged.

Thisrequirescarefulmanagementofthe

subsidylevelspaidbyARTAtothecompanies

thatprovidecontractedservices.

81

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

5.9 PassengerInfrastructureandServiceFeatures

Bus Stops and Bus Shelters

PrimaryResponsibility:ManukauCityCouncil

ManukauCityCouncilprovideson-street

infrastructuresuchasbusstops,shelters,

furnitureandsignageinordertoassist

bothpassengersandbusoperators.Good

designandsitingofbusstopsandshelters

assiststomaintainandencourageadditional

patronage,whereaspoorlysited,designed

ormaintainedfacilitieslimitsanddeters

patronage.Passengerinfrastructuremustbe

designed,constructedandlocatedsothatit

issafe,passengerfriendlyandofhighquality.

Inordertosupportbusoperationandbuild

patronagethecouncilwillcontinuetoprovide

infrastructuresuchasstopsandshelters

bothinaplannedmannerandinresponseto

communityrequests.AccordinglyManukau

CityCouncilhasadoptedbusstopand

shelterpolicyandguidelines”asameans

ofachievingsafetyandconveniencefor

passengers;andspeedofaccess,safetyanda

positiveimagegenerallyforbuses.Figure5.4

summarisesthepurposeandfeaturesofthis

supportinginfrastructure.

Figure 5.4: Infrastructure to Support Bus Operations and Passengers

BusStops Locatedtomaximisepassengeraccessibilitywithoutcompromising

trafficfloworsafety:

• Maximisethenumberofpeoplewithin400mwalkingdistance

• Closetointersectionsandwalkways/pedestrianpaths

• 300-500mspacing

• Adjacenttomajortripattractors

• visibleandwelllittomaximisesafety

• Generallyprovidedinoppositepairs.

BusBays Recessedstopstotakebusesoutoftrafficlanes:

• Avoidedunlessnecessaryfortrafficsafetyreasons

• Presentproblemsformergingbusesbackintothetrafficstream.

BusBoarders Thestopispushedoutintothetrafficlanewherethisdoesnotadversely

affecttrafficsafetyandflow:

• Eliminatesneedtomanoeuvrebusesin/outofthetrafficflow;and

• Provideswiderpedestrianarea.

BusShelters Providedathigherusageboardingstopstoprovideweathershelter

andpassengercomfort:

• DesignedusingtheprinciplesofCrimePreventionThrough

EnvironmentalDesignincluding:visibility,lighting,andpassivesurveillance

• Accessibleforimpairedusers

• Appropriatetosurroundings

• Maybeprivatelyfunded(andincludeadvertisingpanels)

• vandalresistant.

LargeShelters/Bus

Interchanges

Largeshelterstructuresareprovidedatshoppingcentresandbus

interchanges(e.g.ManukauCityCentre,OtaraandMangeretown

centres)whereanumberofroutesconvergeatanactivitycentre

orbusinterchangepoint.

• Maybeprivatelyfunded(e.g.wherelocatedwithinshoppingcentres).

PassengerInformation Provisionofinformationtoassistpassengers

• Timetable/routemapdisplaycases

• Realtimepassengerinformationsignsshowingestimatedbusarrival

times(thesewillbeprovidedbyARTAaspartofaregionalprogramme).

82

Provisionandlocationofsignage,seats,

andotherstreetfurnitureisalsocovered

bythepolicyandguidelines.

Proactivemaintenanceandannualaudits

ofbusstopinfrastructureareundertakenin

ordertopresentasattractive,encouraging

andsafeimageaspossibleforbustransport.

Therecanbecommunityresistanceto

locationofbussheltersandotherfacilities

duetovandalism,andtheperceptionthat

theyareunsightlyorattractundesirable

behaviour.Regularmaintenanceanduseof

theprinciplesofCrimePreventionThrough

EnvironmentalDesign(CPTED)areusedto

overcomethis.Whereaffectedresidents

objecttoinstallationofthesefacilities,

communityboardsareresponsibleforthe

conductofhearingsanddecisionmaking

basedonthebusstopandshelterpolicy

andguidelines.

Other Service Features

Primaryresponsibility:ARTA

ManukauCityCouncilrole:

CollaborationandAdvocacy

Therearearangeoffeaturesofpassenger

transportservicesthatmustbecarefully

designedandimplementedinordertomake

thismodeconvenientandeasyforcustomers

touse.Thesefeaturesareimportantin

attractingmodesharegiventhattheprimary

competitionistheprivatevehiclethatusually

hassignificantadvantagesintheformof

convenienceandflexibility.

Managementofthesefeaturesisprimarily

theresponsibilityofARTAinitsroleas

specifierofstandardsandservicecontracts,

althoughthecouncilwillprovideinputon

thesemattersasrequestedinorderto

supportisoveralltransportationpolices.

Whereappropriatethecouncilwillalsoassist

inpromotingandraisingpublicawarenessof

passengertransportservicesandinitiatives.

Thesefeaturesinclude:

• Simplifiedfarestructureswhichare

integratedbetweenmodes/providers/

routesinordertomaketransfersas

seamlessandconvenientaspossible

• vehicleswhichareappropriatetousers’

needs,forexample:comfortableseating

andridequality;accessiblevehicles

andbarrierfreeterminals/stopsforthe

disabled;userfriendlyvehiclesforparents

andyoungchildren

• Userinformationwhichiseasytoaccess

andsimpletounderstand,forexample:

- Provisionoftimetable/route/fare

informationbyweb,callcentreand

writtenmedia

- Wayfindinganddirectionalinformation

atstopsandterminals

-RealTimePassengerInformation

atstops.

“Frequentandwell-

patronisedpassenger

transportservices

supportintensification

atgrowthcentres.”

83

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

PassengerTransport–GoalsandObjectives

Goal Passengertransportisregardedasaviabletravelalternativetousingthecarandplaysanincreasingcontributiontoabalancedtransportsystemforthecitybecauseofitsreliabletraveltimesandgoodservicelevels.

Objectives 1. ThenumberofManukaubasedjourneystoworkmadebypassengertransportincreasesbyatleast5percentperannumto2016.

2.TheproportionofjourneysbeingmadebypassengertransportbetweenManukauandtheAucklandisthmusinthemorningpeakperiodachievestheAucklandRegionalLandTransportStrategytargetof18percent.

3. Frequentandwell-patronisedpassengertransportservicessupportresidentialandemploymentintensificationatthegrowthcentres.

4.Appropriatelyorientedrail,busandferryservicesaredeliveredinaccordancewiththisstrategyandwhichmeetthetransportneedsofexistingandnewlydevelopingareasofthecity,includingtheneedsofthetransportdisadvantaged.

5.Consistenttraveltimes,andusersafety,comfortandconvenienceareachievedthroughtheprovisionofeffectivesupportingpassengertransportinfrastructure.

Policy Action

FourServiceLayers

P.5.1 Supportdevelopmentand

implementationofthe

“FourServiceLayer”

structureforpassenger

transport,comprising:

- RapidTransitNetwork

- QualityTransitNetwork

- LocalConnectorNetwork

- TargetedServices

A.5.1 ImplementtheManukauraillinkby2014,inconjunction

withARTAandOnTrackNZ.

A.5.2 UndertaketransportationstudiesintopossibleRTN

connectionstotheInternationalAirportandacross

theTamakiRiver,whilepreservingoptionsforRTN

inclusionintheplanningforAucklandManukau

EasternTransportInitiativeandtheMangereBridge

duplicationinthemeantime.

A.5.3 WorkwithARTAtodetermineandagreethe

appropriateQTNroutesforManukau.

A.5.4 WorkwithARTAtominimiseavoidabletransfersand,

wheretransfersarenecessary,designservicesand

passengerinfrastructuresotheycanbeundertaken

withminimalpassengerinconvenience.

A.5.5 CollaboratewithandadvocatetoARTAtoensureit

fundstheprovisionofappropriaterail,busandferry

servicelevelstodeliverthefourservicelayersin

accordancewiththisstrategyandARTA’sPassenger

TransportNetworkPlan.

PassengerTransport–PoliciesandActions

84

Policy Action

CollaborationandAdvocacyreServiceDelivery

P.5.2 Activelycollaborateand

advocatesothatARTAuses

itsplanning,specification

andfundingrolestoprovide

passengertransport

servicesinManukauwhich

delivertheaspirationsof

thistransportstrategyand

thecouncil’spassenger

transportstrategyTaking

PeoplePlaces.

A.5.6 Providesufficientresourcestoactivelyparticipate

withARTAthroughworkinggroups,consultationand

submissionprocessesregardingprovisionofpassenger

transportservicetoManukauincluding:

-TheARTAPassengerTransportNetworkPlan;and

-TheAucklandPassengerTransportPlan.

P.5.3 Collaboratewithand

advocatetoARTAand

othertransportagencies

inordertoobtaindelivery

ofpassengertransport

serviceswhich:

- areorientatedtowhere

peoplewanttotravel

(ratherthancontinuing

withhistoricalpatterns);

- meettheneedsofthe

transportdisadvantaged;

- includecustomer

orientedservicefeatures;

and

- servicenewlydeveloping

urbanareasinatimely

manner.

A.5.7 WorkwithARTAtoachievedeliveryofservicelevels

thatdirectlyconnectManukau’smajorresidential

areaswithMITandthemajoremploymentareas

(asdocumentedinthisstrategy).

A.5.8 WorkwithARTAtoachievedeliveryofservicelevels

thatprovideadequatelevelsofaccessibilityforthe

transportdisadvantaged(particularlyinMangere

andOtara)tolocalhealth,educationandcommunity

servicesandtomajoremploymentlocations.

A.5.9 WorkwithARTAtoachievedeliveryofcustomer

orientedservicefeaturesincluding:

-integratedticketingandsimplifiedfarestructures;

-accessiblevehiclesandbarrierfreefacilities;and

-freelyaccessibleandreadilyunderstandable

route/timetable/fareinformationinpaper/

electronicandwebbasedforms.

A.5.10 WorkwithARTAtoachievethetimelydeliveryof

passengertransportservicestonewlydeveloping

residentialandemploymentareasincludingFlatBush,

BotanyandHighbrookasdevelopmentproceeds.

InfrastructuretoSupportPassengerTransport

P.5.4 Increasetheattractiveness

ofusingpassenger

transportthroughprovision

ofwelllocatedanddesigned

infrastructureforusers

thatisbarrierfree,safe,

convenientanduser

friendly.

A.5.11 Providebusstopsandsheltersinaccordancewiththe

annualexpenditureprogrammeoftheLTCCPandthe

busstopandbusshelterpolicyandguidelines.

P.5.5 Increaserailandbus

patronagebyencouraging

inter-modaltransfers

throughprovisionofwell

locatedanddesignedbus-

railinterchangesandpark

andridestations.

A.5.12 Provideabus-railinterchangeatManukaucitycentre

(inconjunctionwiththecompletionoftheManukau

raillink–by2014).

A.5.13 Provideandprogressivelyexpandthecapacityofpark

andridestationsatPapatoetoe,Homaiandelsewhere

asrequiredtomeetdemand.

PassengerTransport–PoliciesandActions

85

MCCT

ransp

ort

Str

ateg

yto

2016

C

hA

PT

ER

5: P

asse

ng

er

Tran

spo

rt

Policy Action

InfrastructuretoSupportPassengerTransport(cont.)

P.5.6 Increaserailandbus

patronagebyencouraging

inter-modaltransfers

throughprovisionofwell

locatedanddesignedbus-

railinterchangesandpark

andridestations.

A.5.14 Investigateviabilityofshuttlebusconnectionbetween

railandairportwithARTAandOnTrackNZ.

A.5.15 WorkwithARTAtoredevelopfacilitiesatHalfMoon

Bayforferryberthing,passengers,businterchange

andcarparking,andinvestigatethefeasibilityof

relocatingvehicularferryoperations.

A.5.16 WorkwithARTAtoachieveeffectivefeederbus

servicesto/fromferrytermini.

A.5.17 WorkwithARTAtoreviewfacilitiesatBeachlandsfor

ferries,passengersandparkandride.

NewlyDevelopingAreas

P.5.7 Provideroadingand

supportingpassenger

infrastructurein

conjunctionwith

developmentinorder

tofacilitatethetimely

provisionofbusservices

intonewlydeveloping

residentialandemployment

areas(includingFlatBush,

HighbrookandBotany).

A.5.18 Providesufficientresourcestoactivelyparticipate

withARTAthroughworkinggroups,consultationand

submissionprocessesregardingprovisionofpassenger

transportservicetoManukauincluding:

-TheARTAPassengerTransportNetworkPlan;and

-TheAucklandPassengerTransportPlan.

A.5.19 Planandconstructcouncilanddeveloperfunded

roadinginnewareasinamannerthatprovides

connectedstreetnetworkswhichcanaccommodate

busroutesinatimelymanner.

A.5.20 Influencedeveloperstostageconstructionofsub-

divisionalroadingsothatconnectedstreetnetworks

thatcanaccommodatebusroutesareprovidedearly

inthelanddevelopmentprocess.

BusPriorityMeasures

P.5.8 Enhancetheeffectiveness

ofbusservicesby

implementingpriority

measureswhichenable

busestobypasstraffic

delaysandachieve

consistenttraveltimes

forusers.

A.5.21 Developcriteriaandevaluationmethodologyfor

selectionandprioritisationofbusprioritymeasures

by30June2007,inconjunctionwithARTA.

A.5.22 DevelopandImplementthreeyearrollingworkplans

ofbusprioritymeasures.

A.5.23 Co-ordinateimplementationofbusprioritymeasures

withQTNroutes.

PassengerTransport–PoliciesandActions