policies toward family farming: major insights of a recent review

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Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review Developing public policies towards sustainable family farming Side Event organised by The Philippines and France October 8 th , 2013 JeanMichel Sourisseau for the Cirad team

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Side Event at CFS organised by The Philippines and France October 8th, 2013 Jean-Michel Sourisseau for the Cirad team -What is and what weighs family farming? -A massive but diverse reality -Family farming is critical for food security -Productions and markets -Employment -Family and local solidarities -Natural ressources management -Paradoxes, tensions and threats -What policies towards sustainable family farming? -New roles for agriculture? -Changing the vision, re-investing in strategies and policies

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Page 1: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Policies  Toward  Family  Farming:  Major  Insights  of  a  Recent  Review  

Developing  public  policies  towards  sustainable  family  farming  

Side  Event  organised  by  The  Philippines  and  France    

October  8th,  2013  

Jean-­‐Michel  Sourisseau  for  the  Cirad  team  

Page 2: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Family  Farming:  essen%ally  based  on  family  labour      A  close  link  between  family  ↔  farm  

 Agriculture  provides  a  living  to  2,6  bn  people  and  employs  1,3  bn  workers    

è   40%  of  world’s  total  and  ac%ve  popula%on    Self-­‐employment  is  the  rule…    

è Family  farming  is  a  massive  phenomenon…  and  will  keep  its  core  posiKon  for  a  while  

What  is  and  what  weighs  family  farming?  

Page 3: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Amazonia  Bhutan  

A  massive  but  diverse  reality  

Family  farming:  è   spreads  across  all  con%nents  and  ecologies  è   is  based  on  a  wide  range  of  technical  knowledge  è   is  connected  to  markets  through  all  types  of  channels  

Yaounde  

Indonesia  

Mali  

Brazil  

Benin  

Page 4: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Family  farming  is  criKcal  for  food  security  

è   producing  goods,  supplying  markets,  generaKng  incomes  

è   providing  employment  and  sustaining  livelihoods  

è   feeding  intra  familial  and  local  solidariKes  

è   managing  natural  resources  

è   strengthening  local  development  

Page 5: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

ProducKons  and  markets  

rice

plantains  (bananas)

roots  and  tubers

coffee

cocoa

palm  oil

cotton

rubber

Page 6: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

PluriacKvity  is  widespread,    strengthens  cross-­‐sector  linkages  and  local  development  

Employment  

China (497M  38%)

India  (267M  20%)

Indonesia(48M  4%) Other  Asia

(210M  16%)

Ssa  Africa(203M  15%)

Brazil  (11M  0,8%)

Mexico  (8M  0,6%)

Other  Latin  América  (23M  1,7%)

Europe  (12M  1%)

Others  (26M  2%)

Others  (83M  7%) North  Am (3M  0,2%)

source:  FAOSTAT

Page 7: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Intrafamilial  solidarity  Kes  …  Social  links  shaping  local  development  and  idenKty  

A  safety  net  in  case  of  crisis  

Family  and  local  solidariKes  

Page 8: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Various  impacts  depending  on:  •   technical  systems,  •   popula%on  density,  •   public  policies  

Natural  ressources  management  

High  environnemental  

impact  

autonomy   dependance  

Low  environnemental  

impact    

A  good  knowledge  of  local  biodiversity  and  ecosystems…  

 

Page 9: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Family  farming:      

è   concentrate  70%  of  world’s  extreme  poverty    è   oIen  provides  low  labor  income    è   some%mes  hampers  young  people  and  women  emancipa%on    è  Is  challenged  and  has  to  struggle  with  more  compe%%ve  forms  of  agriculture  

•   for  assets  (and  specially  land)  

•   on  markets,  including  domes%c  ones  

Paradoxes,  tensions  and  threats  

Page 10: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Type  of  farming   Manual     Green  revoluKon,    manual  

Green  revoluKon,  animal  tracKon  

Motorized  

%  of  world  ag.  workers   35%   32%   32%   2%  

Nb  of  workers  (millions)   450   410   410   30  

Area/worker   1  ha   1  ha   5  ha   100  ha  

Produc%on/worker   1  t   10  t   50  t   1000  t  

As  a  result:  producKvity  gaps  from  1  to  1000  between  regions  and  types  of  farming  

Breakdown  based  on  Mazoyer  (FAO,  2001)    

Agricultural  policies  historically  focused  on  producKon  increase:  •   moderniza%on  of  farm  structures    •   technical  change  è  through  massive  supports:  public  investments,  guaranteed  prices,  grants,  subsidies,  market  protec%on  

What  policies  towards  sustainable  family  farming?  

Page 11: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

New  roles  for  agriculture?  

è  Globally,  the  reproduc%on  of  the  historical  model  based  on  convenKonal  modernizaKon  with  high  fossil  energy  and  chemical  contents  is  ques%oned    è  In  order  to  reach  sustainable  development,  there  is  a  need  for  renewed  public    policies    è   Some  significant  shiIs  are  occurring  in  different  regions  and  countries:  

è   new  policies  fostering  “territorial”  development  è   massive  social  policies  è   new  types  of  training  systems  and  supports  in  agriculture  è experimenta%on  of  new  technical  systems  

è   In  some  countries,  specially  in  La%n  America,  dual  policies  are  being  implemented  

Page 12: Policies Toward Family Farming: Major Insights of a Recent Review

Changing  the  vision,  re-­‐invesKng  in  strategies  and  policies  

è   No  room  for  unique  and  simplisKc  responses    è   Re-­‐invesKng  in  “tailor-­‐made”  development  strategies    è   Family  farming  faces  problems,  but  is  also  strongly  part  of  the  soluKon:  the  voice  of  family  farmers  is  needed  in  the  policy  debate      

The  common  challenge:    to  shi[  from  narrow  agricultural  development  models  

to  integrated  and  territorial  models  for  sustainable  development