political parties organization of individuals with common interest who organize to win elections, to...
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POLITICAL PARTIES
ORGANIZATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITHCOMMON INTEREST WHO ORGANIZE TO WIN ELECTIONS, TO OPERATE THE GOVM’T & THEREBY INFLUENCE GOVM’T POLICY
EARLY AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES
• AMERICA HAS HAD A TWO PARTY SYSTEM FOR MANY YEARS, BUT THERE ARE OTHER POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEMS:– TWO PARTY
– Democratic and Republican
– MULTI PARTY– Three or more parties Canada (3) Germany (5)
Israel (20+)
– ONE PARTY– People and government are the same China
(Communist Party)
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• FEDERALIST– LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON– STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT– LIKE/WANTED CONSTITUTION
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• ANTI- FEDERALIST– THOMAS JEFFERSON LED– LIMIT POWER OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
(FEDERAL GOVERNMENT)– BELIEVED IN STATES RIGHTS– BELIEVED IN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (BILL OF
RIGHTS)– BECAME THE DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• WHIGS:• 1830s OPPOSITION TO DEMOCRATIC-
REPUBLICANS
• DEMOCRATS:• WHAT WAS LEFT OF DEMOCRATIC-
REPUBLICANS
• THESE SPLIT OVER ISSUE OF SLAVERY IN 1854
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• DEMOCRATS: 1854• PRO SLAVERY SOUTHERN PARTY
• REPUBLICANS• ANTI SLAVERY NORTHERN PARTY• PARTY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN - NO SOUTHERN
STATE VOTED FOR LINCOLN - SO FELT HE DID NOT REPRESENT THEM - SO THEY SECCEEDED FROM THE UNION (CIVIL WAR)
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• SMALL PARTIES THAT DO NOT WIN MAJOR ELECTIONS BUT DO INFLUENCE OUT SOCIAL, ECONOMIC OR POLITICAL LIFE – SINGLE ISSUE: 1 THING– IDEOLOGICAL: IDEALS– INDEPENDENT
CANDIDATES: PERSON
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• POPULIST PARTY– FARMERS & LABORERS– DIRECT ELECTION OF
SENATORS: 17 AMEND– 8 HOUR WORKDAY
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• PROGRESSIVE PARTY– BULL MOOSE PARTY– DIRECT PRIMARY TO
GIVE MORE VOICE IN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
– POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
• INITIATIVE
• REFERENDUM
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• PROHIBITION PARTY– SINGLE ISSUE PARTY
– DON’T LAST LONG
– FADE AWAY WHEN ISSUE NO LONGER IMPORTANT
– AGAINST DRINKING ALCOHOL
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• SOCIALIST LABOR PARTY– IDEOLOGICAL PARTY
BASED ON SOCIALISM WHERE GOVERNMENT HAS MUCH CONTROL OVER LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• COMMUNIST PARTY– IDEOLOGICAL PARTY
BASED ON KARL MARX COMMUNIST IDEALS WHERE GOVERNMENT OWNS ALL MEANS OF PRODUCTION
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• LIBERTARIAN PARTY– IDEOLOGICAL PARTY
BASED IDEA THAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD NOT BE INVOLVED IN PEOPLES LIVES
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• INDEPENDENT – NO PARTY AFFILIATION – RUN WITHOUT PARTY
BACKING– H. ROSS PEROT 1992
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• REFORM PARTY– IDEALOGICAL PARTY
THAT PROMOTES REFORMS IN SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT
– ROSS PEROT 1996
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• THESE DO NOT WIN MAJOR ELECTIONS BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAVE THE MONEY OR NUMBERS TO WIN BUT THEY ARE GAINING POWER
PARTY SYSTEMS IN WORLD
• TWO PARTY SYSTEM:– USA & GREAT BRITIAN
• MULTI PARTY SYSTEM:– GERMANY (5), ISREAL (20+), CANADA
(30)– COALITITION GOVERNMENTS
• ONE PARTY SYSTEM:– CHINA, CUBA, NORTH KOREA,
VIETNAM
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S SYMBOL?
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S SYMBOL?
• NICKNAME: GRAND OLD PARTY
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S PLATFORM?– PRO LIFE– DEATH PENALTY GOOD– LESS INVOLVEMENT– TRICKLE DOWN EFFECT
ECONOMY– RIGHT TO GUNS– AGAINST GAY
MARRIAGES
• WHAT PARTY’S PLATFORM?– PRO ABORTION– LIMIT DEATH PENALTY– GOVM’T REGULATION
OF ECONOMY– HIGHER TAXES– MORE INVOLVEMENT IN
LIFE– GUN CONTROL
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S PLATFORM?– REPUBLICANS
• WHAT PARTY’S PLATFORM?– DEMOCRATS
WHAT PARTY?
WHAT PARTY?
CH 9 SECT 2:
ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES
NATIONAL PARTY ORGANIZATION
• EACH PARTY HAS A NATIONAL COMMITTEE
– RAISE FUNDS PRESIDENT AND ORGANIZE NATIONAL CONVENTION
– DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE
– TIM KAINE NATIONAL CHAIRPERSON
– REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE
– REINCE PRIEBUS NATIONAL CHAIRPERSON
NATIONAL CONVENTION
• MOST IMPORTANT JOB IS TO NOMINATE A CANDIDATE TO RUN FOR THE PARTY IN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
• HELD ONE EVERY __ YEARS• USUALLY ONLY WORK ON NATIONAL
ELECTIONS
STATE PARTY ORGANIZATION
• 50 OF THESE FOR EACH PARTY– NC DEMOCRATIC PARTY– NC REPUBLICAN PARTY– KEY JOB: GET CANDIDATES ELECTED
TO STATE OFFICES AND SOMETIMES HELP IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS
– GOVERNOR, ATTORNEY GENERAL, STATE LEGISLATORS, ETC
LOCAL PARTY ORGANIZATIONS
• 1000s OF THESE FOR BOTH PARTIES– ROBESON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC
PARTY– ROBESON COUNTY REPUBLICAN
PARTY– WORK ON ALL THREE LEVEL
ELECTIONS• NATIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL
LOCAL PARTY ORGANIZATIONS
• DIVISIONS OF LOCAL LEVELS– PRECINCT: GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
THAT CONTAINS A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF VOTERS
• ONE MAN, ONE VOTE• SMALL TOWN/CITY, NEIGHBORHOODS
– WARDS: SEVERAL PRECINCTS TOGETHER
LOCAL PARTY ORGANIZATIONS
• POLITICAL MACHINES:– STRONG LOCAL PARTY ORGANZATIONS
THAT HAVE LITTLE OR NO OPPOSITION– NYC: TAMMANY HALL: «BOSS TWEED »– RICH: KICKBACKS AND BRIBES – FAILS TO REPRESENT/LISTEN TO THE
PEOPLE– MOST MEMBER ENDED UP IN PRISON
MEMBERSHIP IN POLITCAL PARTIES
• DO NOT HAVE TO JOIN• DO NOT HAVE TO VOTE FOR PARTY
CANDIDATE IF YOU ARE A MEMBER• REPUBLICAN COULD HAVE VOTED FOR
OBAMA IF THEY WANTED TO• STATES DIFFER ON WHEN YOU REGISTER
FOR PARTY MEMBERSHIP– SOME WHEN YOU REGISTER TO VOTE**
ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• MAIN ROLE: – GET THEIR CANDIDATES
ELECTED TO OFFICE– OR NOMINATED TO RUN FOR
OFFICE SO THEY CAN GET ELECTED
ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• ELECTION PROCESS– PRIMARY ELECTIONS
• 5/6 MONTH BEFORE GENERAL ELECTIONS
• OPEN OR CLOSED• RUNOFFS IF NO ONE RECEIVES A
MAJORITY IN SOME STATES
– GENERAL ELECTIONS• NOVEMBER FIRST TUESDAY
AFTER THE FIRST MONDAY
INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE
• NO PARTY AFFILIATION SO HOW DO THEY GET ON THE BALLOT?– PETITION
ROLES OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• GET CANDIDATE ELECTED TO OFFICE• CAMPAIGNING FOR CANDIDATE• INFORMING GOVERNMENT OF
PEOPLE’S IDEAS• HELPING MANAGE GOVERNMENT• LINKING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
GOVERNMENT• ACT AS A WATCHDOG OVER
GOVERNMENT
CH 10 SECTION 1
WHO CAN VOTE????
CAN YOU????
• 18 YEARS OLD
• RESIDENT OF NC FOR 30 DAYS
• CITIZEN OF USA
• REGISTERED TO VOTE
VOTER REGISTRATION
• REGISTRATION: – 30 DAYS
• 1995 MOTOR VOTER BILL– DMV– CLINTON– OTHER PROGRAMS THAT HELP
REGISTRATION
STEPS IN VOTING
• POLLING PLACE: WHERE YOU GO TO VOTE: – MARIETTA COMMUNITY BUILDING– FAIRMONT: POLICE STATION OR
LIBRARY– ROWLAND: POLICE STATION
– 7AM TO 8 PM
STEPS IN VOTING
• PRECINCT: GEOGRAPHICAL AREA MADE UP OF PROPORTIONATLY EQUAL NUMBERS OF VOTERS
• EACH PRECINCT HAS A POLLLING PLACE
AT THE POLLS
• CLERKS TABLE:– TELL NAME, CHECK OFF AND
GIVE BALLOT (ONLY CHECK POLITICAL PARTY WHEN?)
• BALLOT:– THE DOCUMENT YOU VOTE ON – DIFFERENT KINDS EXIST AND
EACH LOCAL ELECTION BOARD DETERMINES THE BALLOT FORMS
CASTING THE VOTE: VOTING MACHINES
• LEVER MACHINE
CASTING THE VOTE: VOTING MACHINES
• PAPER BALLOT OPTICALLY READ (BUBBLES)
CASTING THE VOTE: VOTING MACHINES
• COMPUTER BALLOT
CASTING THE VOTE: VOTING MACHINES
• PUNCH CARD BALLOT
ABSENTEE VOTING
• ABSENTEE BALLOT: USED IF YOU CAN NOT POSSIBILLY GET TO THE POLLING PLACE ON ELECTION DAY– ELECTION BOARD TO GET– MAIL TO YOU TODAY
COUNTING THE BALLOT
• RETURNS: OFFICIAL COURTS OF ELECTION POLLS => CERTIFIED BY STATE– COUNTED AT POLLING PLACE– COUNTED AT COUNTY LEVEL– COUNTED AT STATE LEVEL AND
CERTIFIED
– EXIT POLLS UNOFFICIAL COUNTS
WHY YOUR VOTE MATTERS???
• ELECTORATE: PEOPLE ELIGIBLE TO VOTE
• APATHY: LACK OF INTEREST NOBODY CARES
CH 10.2: ELECTION CAMPAIGN
TYPES OF ELECTIONS
GENERAL ELECTIONS
• FIRST TUESDAY AFTER THE FIRST MONDAY IN NOVEMBER– SUPER TUESDAY– WHO IS ELECTED?
• OFFICIALS AT ALL LEVELS
VOTING ON ISSUES
• INITIATIVE: PEOPLE DRIVEN GRASSROOTS PROJECT THAT ENDS UP ON BALLOT
• PROPOSITION: ITEM PUT ON BALLOT FOR PEOPLE TO VOTE ON
• REFERENDUM: GOVERNMENT DRIVEN MOVEMENT & PUT ON BALLOT
SPECIAL ELECTIONS
• RECALL: VOTE TO GET RID OF AN ELECTED OFFICIAL AT STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS
• RUNOFFS: PRIMARY ELECTIONS TO DECIDE WHO WILL WIN MAJORITY IF NO ONE DID IN FIRST PRIMARY
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
• NOMINATION: NATIONAL NOMINATION CONVENTION (NATIONAL CONVENTION)
• CAMPAIGNING • VOTING
– POPULAR VOTE– ELECTORAL VOTE– COUNTED
REVIEW
• List 3 ways the Democratic and Republican Party differ.
Elections and Public Opinion
Chapter 10 Section 3
Paying for elections
• Takes a great deal of money ($3 Billion every 4 years) to run a successful campaign. Campaigns convince the public to vote for a particular candidate. Campaign workers use several techniques to accomplish their goals.
Campaigning
• Canvassing- door-to-door to solicit voters or neighborhoods.
• Endorsements- Famous and popular person supports candidate
• Advertising- Create an image to present to public on TV, posters, ads
• Propaganda-use of emotions to convince citizens to vote a certain way
Financing Campaign
• Public Funding: Presidential Campaign Election Fund
• Private Funding: Individual citizens, party organizations, corporations, interest groups, soft money donations and PAC’s
• Soft Money- Money given to political party and no designed for a particular candidate. Used for National TV ads.
• PAC’s (Political Action Committee)- Way for labor unions, special-interest groups and corporations to donate money legally.
Public Opinion
• Ideas and attitudes that most people hold about elected officials, candidates, government and political issues
• Helps shape decisions of presidents
• Not uniform-everyone does not hold the same opinion
Influences on Public Opinion
• 1. Personal Background-religion, age, race, socio-economic
• 2. Mass Media-newspapers, TV, radio, Internet
• 3. Public Officials- president, senators, mayor
• 4. Interest Groups
CH 11: PUBLIC OPINION
MISNOMER: WRONG NAMEWATCH
DID EVERYONE HAVE SAME OPINION?
PUBLIC OPINION
• IDEAS OR OPINIONS THAT MOST PEOPLE HOLD ABOUT AN ISSUE
• AREAS THAT HAVE AN IMPACT ON YOUR PUBLIC OPINION– PERSONAL BACKGROUND– MASS MEDIA– PUBLIC OFFICIALS– INTEREST GROUPS– HOBBIES– ETC
COMPONENTS OF PUBLIC OPINION
• DIRECTION: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
• INTENSITY: STRENGTH OF THE OPINION YOU HOLD ON A GIVEN ISSUE
• STABILITY: HOW FIRMLY PEOPLE HOLD TO THEIR VIEWS
MEASURES OF PUBLIC OPINION
• POLLS: WHERE YOU ARE ASKED HOW YOU FEEL ABOUT A SUBJECT IN A SERIES OF QUESTIONS
• I CAN CREATE WHAT POSITION I WANT BY ASKING THE QUESTION THE RIGHT WAY: LOADED QUESTIONS
• RANDOM SAMPLES: 1500 PEOPLE • POLLS IMPORTANT TO DEMOCRACY
CHAPTER 11.2THE MASS MEDIA
• TYPES OF MEDIA– PRINT MEDIA: NEWSPAPERS, MAG,
BOOKS – ELECTRONIC MEDIA:INTERNET,
PHONES, TV
MEDIA’S IMPACT
• SET PUBLIC AGENDA• CANDIDATES AND ELECTIONS: MEDIA
BIAS IN FAVOR OF WHAT PARTY?????• ELECTED OFFICIALS: LEAKS INFO
ABOUT THEM• WATCHDOG ROLE: • MEDIA & NATIONAL SECURITY: CAREFUL
PROTECTING THE MEDIA
• JOHN PETER ZENGER CASE: FREEDOM OF PRESS
• SCHENCK V. US CASE• FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOM OF SPEECH
PROTECTS AGAINST GOVM’T ISSUEING PRIOR RESTRAINT: GOVM’T CENSORSHIP OF MATERIAL BEFORE IT IS PUBLISHED: CANNOT DO THIS
• OBAMA’S WAR ON FOX NEWS CHANNEL IS THIS UNCONSTITUTIONAL???? HELD MEETING IN WHITE HOUSE AND DID NOT AND DOES NOT HAVE A CORESPONDENCE WITH THIS MEDIA CENTER????
CHAPTER 11. 3: INTEREST GROUPS
• WHAT IS AN INTEREST GROUP? GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS THAT JOIN TO GETHER TO PROMOTE SOME ISSUE THEY AGREE ON– TYPES:
• ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS• PRIVATE INTEREST GROUPS• SPECIAL CAUSE INTEREST GROUPS• PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS
INFLUENCE ON GOVM’T
• ELECTION ACTIVITIES: PACS
• GOING TO COURT
• LOBBYING LAWMAKERS: LOBBYIST
TECHNIQUES OF INTEREST GROUPS
• ENDORSEMENTS• STACKED CARDS• NAME CALLING• GLITTERING GENERALITIES• SYMBOLS• JUST PLAIN FOLKS• BANDWAGON
REGULATION OF THESE GROUPS
• FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT OF 1971
• FEERAL REGULATION OF LOBBBYING ACT OF 1946