Population Density & Population Density & DistributionDistribution

B. Population DistributionB. Population Distribution

EcumeneEcumene: a permanently inhabited place on the Earth

*about 35% of land area is uninhabitable (non-non-ecumeneecumene)

Where are the most non-ecumenes?

World pop stats:

– ½ rural, other ½ urban– 90% live north of the equator– 90% live on less than 20% of land– Tend to live low elevations & coastal (temperature,

length of growing season, less erosion issues)

Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 B.C.E.– 1900 C.E.

C. Five Great Pop. ClustersC. Five Great Pop. Clusters

1.1. East Asia:East Asia:– 25% of world– Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea– By the Pacific Coast– China=1/2 are farmers, ½ live on the pacific

coast– Japan and Korea are mostly urbanized and

people work service jobs

South Asian and East Asian distributions reflect agricultural

populations

2. South Asia:2. South Asia:– 21% of world– India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka– Over 1 billion people live along the Ganges

River alone– From Lahore to Bangladesh is the highest

pop. Density– Mostlty farmers/rural areas

3.3. Europe:Europe:– 12% of pop– Germany, U.K., Benelux(48 countries)– Europe has as many people as U.S. but on

70% less space– ¾ live in cities in Europe– Also they live near rivers and the coal

reserves of Germany and Belgium

European pop.distributionsreflect the locations of…coal fields

4. Southeast Asia

600 million people live in Southeast Asia

• Mostly on islands between the Indian and Pacific oceans

• Indonesia=13,677 islands (JAVA has 100 mill people); Indonesia is the 4th most populated country

• People live on river valleys and deltas

5. Northeastern U.S./S.E. Canada5. Northeastern U.S./S.E. Canada

– U.S. “Rust Belt” & megalopolis of “Bowash” (urban area extending from Boston to D.C.)

– Canadian province of Quebec

*60% of Canadians concentrated within a thin belt of land between Windsor, Ontario & Quebec City

South America Periphery

A. Population DensityA. Population Density

Arithmetic density: population per total land area-US arithmetic density is 32people/ square kilometer

Physiologic density: population per agriculturally productive land

– 33% of land on Earth is arable – U.S. physiological density: 175 arable

land/square kilometer_In Egypt 95% live near the Nile river which is by

the Nile River Egypt Physiological Pop Density=2296 people/arable land sq. KM

Agricultural Density:The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable

landDeveloped countries have lower agricultural densities.

• Egypt has an arithmetic density of 80 per square KM

• Egypt’s physiologic density is 2296/sq KM

B. Demographic Equation:B. Demographic Equation:

Natural Change (births minus deaths)minus

Net Migration

Exs.:

- ½ of British pop. increase due to immigration

- 1846-1935: 60 million Europeans arrived to U.S.

• Crude Birth Rate: number of births in a year per 1000 people alive. CBR of 20 is 20 live births per 1000 people per year.

• Developed countries 11 CBR and

• Crude Death Rate: number of deaths in a year per 1000 people alive. CDR is expressed as annual number of deaths per 1,000 of the population.10 is the CDR developed countries.

• Natural Increase Rate: (NIR) percentage by which the population grows in a year.

• CBR-CDR but after changing both numbers to per 100 people per year

• CBR 20-CDR 5=15 but the NIR is 1.5

• Throughout most of history the NIR was close to zero. Developed countries NIR is .2

E. OverpopulationE. Overpopulation

overpopulation: not enough resources to support a population

carrying capacity (k-capacity): number of people that an area can

support with existing technology

Tokyo: Overpopulated or

Overcrowded?

Hong Kong

Mongolian capital city