population, urbanization, and the environment chapter 17
TRANSCRIPT
Population, Urbanization, and the EnvironmentChapter 17
17-2Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Demography
The study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations
Malthus TheoremPopulation grows geometrically;
food supply grows arithmeticallyExponential growth curve
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The New Malthusians
Exponential growth curve
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The Anti-Malthusians Perspective
Demographic transition
Population shrinkage
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Feminism and the Population Debate
Emancipate women from patriarchal decision making
To achieve population control, provide women with economic opportunities, education about birth control, and women’s rights
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Why Are People Starving?
Imbalance of supply and demand
Famines are due to outmoded agricultural techniques and political instability
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Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children?
Motherhood is women’s purpose Children are a sign of God’s blessing Children are economic assets Feminist perspective: men control
women’s reproductive choices
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Population Growth Demographic Variables Fertility
1. Fertility Rate2. Fecundity3. Crude Birth Rate
Mortality Crude death rate
Migration Net migration rate
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Forecasting Population Growth
The basic demographic equationGrowth Rate = Births – Deaths +
Net Migration Zero Population Growth
17-10Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Urbanization
The Development of CitiesCity
• A place where a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food
Industrialization and Urbanization
17-11Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The Development of Cities
Urbanization Metropolis Megalopolis Urban patterns in Canada
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Models of Urban Growth
The Concentric Zone Model The Sector Model The Multiple-Nuclei Model Critique of the Models
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Models of Urban Growth
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Contemporary City Life
AlienationGemeinschaftGesellschaft
Community Types of Urban Dwellers
the “Cosmopolitan”the “Singles”the “Ethnic Villagers”the “Trapped”
17-15Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Contemporary City Life
Creating communities in the urban setting
Suburbanization Deindustrialization and globalization
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The Natural Environment
Environmental Issues in the Most Industrialized NationsFossil Fuels & Environmental
Degradation• Acid rain• Greenhouse effect• Global warming
The Energy Shortage, Internal Combustion, & Multinational Corporations
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The Natural Environment
Environmental Issues in Industrializing NationsLack of funds to purchase
pollution controlsFew antipollution laws
• e.g., Mexico City
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Canada & the Kyoto Protocol
February 16, 2005 Greenhouse gases U.S., Australia, Monaco China and India
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The Environmental Movement
Green parties Politics, legislation, and education Environmental Sociology
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Ecofeminism and the Environment
Ecofeminism: Stresses violence to nature as we provide material abundance and oppose the patriarchal approach to control nature
Harmony between Technology and the Environment
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Technology & the Environment
Harmony between technology and the natural environment