population & urbanization. identify factors that affect the size & structure of populations...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 16.1
Population & Urbanization
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OBJECTIVES Identify factors that affect the
size & structure of populations & explain how sociologists measure these factors.
Summarize how sociologists explain population change & describe the programs that have been instituted to control population growth.
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POPULATION the number
of people living in an area at a particular time
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DEMOGRAPHY area of sociology devoted to the study of human populations
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MEASURING POPULATION
CHANGE
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BIRTHRATE annual number of live births per 1,000
members of the population
Live Births Birthrate = Total Population X 1,000
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DEATH RATE annual deaths per
1,000 members of the population
mortality: number of deaths within society
infant mortality rate: annual number of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 members of the population
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MIGRATION RATE annual difference between in-
migration & out-migration
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GROWTH RATE the rate at which a
country’s population is increasingcalculated by
subtracting the death rate from the birthrate
usually expressed as a percentage
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EXPLAINING POPULATION CHANGE
Thomas Malthus geometric
progression of population vs. arithmetic progression of food supply
Malthusian checks/limits: war disease famine natural disasters
population is based on technological advancement (capital)
3 main stages: High BR, High DR High BR, Low DR Low BR, Low DR
zero-population growth = equal BR & DR
Demographic Transition Theory
Malthusian Theory
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POPULATION CHANGE VIDEOS Malthus &
Geography
Demographic Transition: Visual Model
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CONTROLLING POPULATION GROWTH
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FAMILY PLANNING the conscious
decision by couples to have a certain number of children
antinatalism: official policies used to discourage couples from having children
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ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENTS belief that better
health, higher levels of income & education will lower birthrates
some argue that economic redistribution would reduce poverty and allow this to happen
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CHAPTER 16: CLASSWORK Page 419: #2-3 Page 431: #3-4 Page 432: #1-10 Identifying People &
Ideas Page 432: #1-5 Understanding Main
Ideas Page 433: #1-4 Building Social Studies
Skills
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ACTIVITY:POPULATION CONTROL PROPOSAL Either on your own or with a partner, create a
proposal to be given to a group of world leaders on the topic of world population control.
Be sure to include your methods, a timetable, hypothesis on the effectiveness of your plan & a reasoning for your decision.
Your proposal should take the following into account: Ethics regarding war, infanticide & population
limitation Economic issues Practicality of implementation Response of the population (push back)